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of the citizen Army or Navy will be subject to the Rules and Articles of War or to the laws and regulations governing the Navy.

Section 15: Omit entire section. This section is no longer necessary if section 14 is omitted.

Section 16: Change to section 15, and omit "dishonorably," line 25, page 11. It is not desired to confuse a discharge given under this section with a dishonorable discharge given pursuant to a sentence of a court-martial.

Section 17: Change to section 16. Omit from "That," line 4, to "trained," inclusive, line 8, page 12, and substitute therefor:

That the President is hereby authorized to define, limit, establish, and maintain within the continental limits of the United States such number of military districts as he may deem necessary for carrying into effect the provisions of this act, and the President is likewise authorized to group such military districts into military departments or other higher commands at his discretion: Provided, That the President may at any time, in his discretion, increase or decrease the number of military districts thus established or change the limits of any such district or districts.

The number of districts established under the section as changed will be much less than the number of congressional districts, and economy and efficiency will result from the suggested change.

Section 18: Change to section 17. Add after "act," line 3, page 13, "and shall include all male citizens who in the ensuing year will be between the ages of twelve and twenty-three years, inclusive." Change "preceding, "line 4, page 13, to "following."

Section 19: Change to section 18.

Section 20: Change to section 19. Omit from "and," line 15, to "Navy," inclusive, line 17, page 13. The oath of allegiance is deemed unnecessary where the training is compulsory.

Section 21: Change to section 20. Add after "it," line 21, page 13, "or for purposes of training." Add "and their reserves' after "Navy," line 19, page 13. This addition is necessary in order that the Citizen Army and Navy may be assembled in higher tactical commands during peace.

Section 22: Change to section 21. Section 23: Change to section 22. 1-2, page 15. Substitute therefor the

Omit all on page 14 and lines following:

That the members of the Citizen Army and Citizen Navy trained during the first and second years after the passage of this act, shall be given such provisional organization as may be necessary in the discretion of the President to effect their prompt and orderly mobilization in the event of sudden emergency, and the President is hereby authorized to appoint and commission provisionally for a term of three years all officers in the Citizen Army and in the Citizen Navy necessary for such organization and for the training of the members of the units thereof.

Change "four" to "after three," line 3, and omit "organizations of," line 6, page 15. Add "are serving or" after "who," line 22, and "or of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps" after "training," line 25, page 15.

It is thought very important that the Citizen Army and Navy be completely organized and fully officered at the earliest possible date. Section 24: Change to section 23.

Add "among those of the same grade promoted on the same date" after "merit," line 19, page 16. Addition is intended to prevent possible ambiguity.

Section 25: Change to section 24.
Section 26: Change to section 25.

Change "exercise" to "assist in exercising," line 18, and "make” to "assist in making," line 19, page 17.

The original text might be construed as precluding officers of the Medical Corps from performing these functions.

Section 27: Change to section 26.

Section 28: Change to section 27.

Section 29: Change to section 28.

Section 30: Change to section 29.
Section 31: Change to section 30.
Section 32: Change to section 31.

Omit "established," line 25, page 19, and change "camps" to "places," line 1, page 20. This change is necessitated by the change recommended in section 4.

Section 33: Change to section 32.

Add after "of," first word in line 8, page 20, "the Regular Army or Navy, the Organized Militia." This in order that no question may arise respecting the wearing of the uniform by members of the Organized Militia named in the addition.

Section 34: Change to section 33.

Omit from "and," line 16, to "possession," inclusive, line 17, page 20.

Section 35: Change to section 34.

Section 36: Change to section 35.

Section 36: Should have been section 37, in original draft.

Add "active" before "service," line 12, and omit from "and," line 12, to "Navy," inclusive, last word in section. Add "except for training," after "Act," line 13, page 21. These changes are for the purpose of preventing claims for pay for service rendered while undergoing training and in order to make it clear that members of the citizen army and navy are at all times subject to military or naval law, not only while in active service but also while undergoing training.

Section 38: Change to section 37. Add to section: "Provided, That no member of the citizen cadet corps, the citizen army, or the citizen navy shall be eligible to retirement or to retired pay." This change is for the protection of the Government.

Section 39: Change to section 38.

Omit from "That," line 18, page 22, to end of section. Substitute therefor:

That the President is hereby authorized to detail officers of the Regular Army and Navy of the grades of first lieutenant to colonel, inclusive, and of equivalent grades in the Navy for duty with and for the training of the citizen cadet corps, the citizen army, the citizen navy, and their reserves in such numbers as he may deem necessary: Provided further, That the number so detailed from each grade shall be in proportion to the number in that grade now provided by law for the whole Army: And provided further. That officers so detailed shall be subject to section twenty-seven of the act of February second, nineteen hundred and one, relative to details in the Staff Corps.

The addition of so many officers of the two lowest grades, as provided in the original draft would cause such stagnation in promotion as to greatly discourage junior officers.

Section 40: Omit entire section. This section is unnecessary if preceding section is changed as suggested.

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Section 41: Change to section 39. This section is not commented upon, as its provisions relate solely to the Navy and the citizen navy. Add new section numbered section 40, as follows:

That the President is hereby authorized to detail for duty with and the training of the citizen cadet corps, the citizen army, and the citizen navy, such number of noncommissioned officers of the Regular Army and enlisted men of equivalent grades of the Navy as he may deem necessary: Provided, That the enlisted men so detailed shall be additional in their respective grades to the numbers authorized therefor in the Regular Army and Navy.

The detail of enlisted men provided for in this section is deemed necessary for the proper training of the citizen forces.

Section 42: Change to section 41.

2. A draft of Senate bill 1695, revised in accordance with the foregoing recommendations is appended hereto.

3. The enactment of this bill as revised is earnestly recommended.
M. M. MACOMB,
Brigadier General,
Chief of War College Division.

A BILL To provide for the military and naval training of the citizen forces of the
United States.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all able-bodied male inhabitants of the United States who have resided within the continental limits thereof for the period of twelve months who are citizens of the United States or who have declared their intentions to become citizens of the United States shall be liable to be trained between the ages of twelve and twenty-three years, inclusive, as prescribed: Provided, That the following persons shall be exempt from the training prescribed in this act so long as the condition or status on which exemption is based continues: (a) Those who may be reported by the prescribed medical authorities as being physically unfit for any naval or military service whatever; (b) members of the permanent military or naval forces of the United States; (c) school-teachers who have duly qualified and are employed at a school of military or naval instruction or other prescribed course, as instructors or officers of the Citizen Cadet Corps; (d) persons employed in the police or prison service of the United States, or of the several States, and of the several cities thereof; (e) those morally unfit; (f) members of any well-recognized religious sect or organization, at present organized and existing, whose creed forbids its members to participate in war in any form-whose religious. convictions are against war or participation therein, in accordance with the creed of said religious organization (the exemption of this class, however, to include only such portion of the prescribed training as requires the bearing or use of arms); (h) mariners actually employed in the sea service of the United States, or of any of the States, or of any citizen or merchant within the United States; (i) those excused by the President in the interest of the public service by reason of employment therein; (j) temporary exemption for periods not exceeding one year, and renewable from time to time, will be granted to persons whose compulsory attendance at the prescribed training would impose great hardships, either by reason of excessive

distance or other cause: Provided, That the district commandant of each training district shall have the power to issue permanent and temporary certificates of exemption for the above-mentioned causes: Provided further, That in cases where a permanent or temporary certificate of exemption is denied by the district commandant, an appeal may be taken to the United States district court or judge thereof nearest the permanent office of the district commandant: Provided further, That in all cases where an exemption is applied for the burden of proof of the existence of cause for exemption shall be on the applicant, and in all cases of appeal from a denial of such permanent or temporary exemption the burden of proving the exemption shall rest on the person claiming the same.

SEC. 2. That all persons trained under the provisions of this act shall be known and designated as follows: (a) Between the ages of twelve and seventeen years, inclusive, as the Citizen Cadet Corps; (b) between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three years, inclusive, as the Citizen Army-; (c) between the ages of twenty-four and fortyfive years, inclusive, as the Citizen Army Reserve.

SEC. 3. That the training of the members of the Citizen Cadet Corps shall be divided into three periods, as follows: (a) The first period shall commence on the first day of July in the year in which the persons liable reach the age of twelve years and shall continue for two years. This training shall consist of not less than ninety hours in each year, terminating on the thirtieth day of June, and shall be devoted during this period to calisthenics and such other physical and military instruction, without arms, as may be prescribed: Prorided, That in the case of persons who reach the age of thirteen years in the year in which this act becomes effective, the training for this class of persons shall commence on the first day of July of that year and continue for one year; (b) the training in the second period shall begin on the first day of July in which the persons liable reach the age of fourteen years, and shall continue for two years. The training during this period shall be not less than ninety hours in each year, ending the thirtieth day of June, and shall include military training with the rifle, including gallery practice: Provided, That for persons who reach the age of fifteen in the year in which this act becomes effective the training shall begin on the first day of July of that year and continue for one year; (c) the training in the third period shall begin on the first day of July in the year in which the persons liable reach the age of sixteen years, and shall continue for two years. The training during this period shall be not less than ninety hours, and in addition thereto ten whole days in camp in each year, ending the thirtieth day of June. The training during this period shall include field exercises and target practice, in addition to other training that may be prescribed: Provided, That in the case of persons who reach the age of seventeen years in the year in which this act becomes effective the training shall begin on the first day of July in that year and continue for one year.

SEC. 4. That the training for members of the Citizen-Army shall be-not-less than one hundred-and-twenty-hours, or twenty-whole days in each year, commencing on the first-day-of-July-and-ending on the following thirtieth day of June, and shall continue-for-six Fears, , and not less than ten whole days in each year shall be-in eamp of continuous training. That the training for the members of

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the Citizen Army shall not be less than six months' continuous training, to be given as early as practicable during each person's liability to such training, and in addition thereto training during such maneuver periods as the President may order pursuant to the provisions of section 21 of this act.

SEC. 5. That the training hereinabove provided for the third period of the Citizen Cadet Corps (and for the Citizen Army) may be given in daily periods or it may be given in whole-day drills of not less than six hours, in half-day drills of not less than three hours, or in night drills of not less than one hour and a half: Provided, That this shall affect in no manner the prescribed days of eonsecutive continuous training in eamps of continuous-training.

SEC. 6. That the members of the Citizen Army shall be allotted to the various arms, corps, and departments in such numbers as may be necessary for tactical organization.

SEC. 7. That those liable to military training who, on arrival at eighteen years of age, eleet to enter are selected for the Citizen Navy shall undergo training for not less than the number of hours prescribed for training of members of the Citizen Army, and that this training shall include instruction aboard ship for a period not less than that prescribed for the continuous training of members of the Citizen Army in camps of continuous instruction.

SEC. 8. That the training prescribed by this act for the Citizen Cadet Corps and for the Citizen Army and Citizen Navy may be given in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, in public and private schools, academies, colleges, and universities, in the Organized Militia or Naval Militia of the several States, in organization of Boy Scouts or similar organizations, provided that it conforms to the prescribed training for the corresponding years, is of equal annual duration, and is so certified by the district commandant of the district in which such instruction is imparted.

SEC. 9. That all persons liable to training for the Citizen Army under this act shall, upon reaching the age of twenty-four years and having satisfactorily completed the prescribed training, become members of the Citizen Army Reserve without further training: Provided, That all persons liable to this training who have reached the age of twenty-one-years in or before the year in which this act becomes effective-shall, without-training-become-members-of-the-Citizen Army Reserve, unless they elect to undergo-such-training: Provided further, That at the termination of each annual training period in the Citizen Cadet Corps and in the Citizen Army or Navy each member shall be classified by the officers charged with that duty as efficient or nonefficient. Those classified as nonefficient, either by reason of failure to attend during the prescribed period or because they have not attained a sufficient standard of efficiency, shall be required to attend an equivalent additional period of training for each year in which they are rated as nonefficient.

SEC. 10. That every person who, without lawful excuse, fails to register or who evades or fails to render the personal service required by this Act shall, unless and until he has performed equivalent personal service as prescribed, be and remain ineligible for employment in any position of trust and profit created and authorized by the Congress of the United States.

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