of the interior, and that of the coafts of the ocean, who had been deprived of their pay for feveral months, owing to the exhaufted ftare of the treafury; all bargains with contractors were alfo fufpended; the provifions nearly exhaufted; the fervice of the magazines interrupted; even the fick in the hofpitals had been denied articles the moft neceffary for their recovery; and requifition feemed to be but a precarious and dangerous refource, especially in the departments of the weft, whofe inhabitants had but lately fubmitted to the laws of the republic. The diforganization occafioned by this diftrefs was fo great, that the officers were obliged to run from their pofts, to avoid the complaints of the foldiers, which they knew not how to answer. The directory concluded their addrefs, by advifing the legislators to turn their whole attention towards replenishing the empty treafury, and fupplying the troops in the interior; adding, that the armies abroad coft the government nothing, as they entirely fubfifted on the fpoils of conqueft. Whether the council took any meafures to relieve the army, remains unknown; but on the third day after the meffage was difpatched, Auguft the 25th, the directory, by a refolution, fuppreffed the armies of the coafts of the ocean, and the interior, except the 12th, 13th, 14th, and 22d divifions of the army of the ocean, which were to remain embodied under the command of general Hoche, and three generals of brigade.. The re. mainder of the ftanding armies of the interior and the coaft, were to be completely difbanded before the 22d of September.

On the 8th of September, Fabre announced to the council of five hundred, that a state of the expences would fpeedily be prefented to the council. He alfo declared, that the penfionaries fhould foon be paid, one half in real value, and the annuitants one fourth of what was due to them.

The directory, on the 6th of September, difpatched a letter to the minifter at war, upon the refources to be introduced into the military adminiftration. They aflured him, that from that day it was their intention to place all the territory of the republic, comprifing all the countries united to it, upon the footing of the moft profound peace; that the number of troops in the republic fhould be reduced to the fimple garrifons of the fortreffes; that the fervice of the interior fhould be Solely discharged by the national gendar

merie, and the fedentary national guards; that the whole furplus of force fhould be fent beyond the frontiers, or united to the triumphant armies. They will, they add, defeat the enemies of the republic, deaf to the voice of humanity and their own intereft. "All the troops of France," faid the directory," fhall live at their expence; all the calamities of war thall be transferred to their territories, until they please, at laft, to accept the juft and moderate conditions which we have not ceafed, and which we will not ceafe to offer them." In the fitting of the 31st of Auguft, the council of ancients approved of the treaty of peace made between the French republic and the margrave of Baden.

In this treaty, the margrave revokes all "adherence, confent, and accefs by him given to the armed coalition against the French republic, and every contingent or fuccour in men or horfes, under any pretence whatsoever." He farther agrees,

"that the troops of the French republic fhall pafs freely through his dominions, and occupy all military pofts neceffary for their operations." He ftipulates for himself and his fucceffors, "to deliver up to the French republic, all the rights that may belong to him in feveral fpecified lordfhips, and places upon the left bank of the Rhine, and all the islands of the Rhine which may belong to him.” His ferene highnefs engages not to permit the emigrants and the priests tranfported from the French republic, to refide in his territories ;" and, laftly, this treaty is declared common with the Batavian republic.

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General Hoche, on the 24th or Auguft, iffued a proclamation from his head quarters at Rennes, importing, "That because the majority of the rebels have given up their arms to the republicans, fome places thought themfelves in the utmoft fecurity. They forgot that vigilence which is neceffary after a civil war the moft difaftrous ; as the men whe waged it were impelfed by fanaticism, and directed by the greatest intriguers in Europe; that the torpor and inattention was fuch, that fome agents of England had lately landed on the French coaft." The commander in chief, therefore, who recollected with emotion the energy which his brothers in arms had displayed, ever fince he had the honour of commanding them, hoped that it would not be in vain that they had willed peace, but that they would confolidate their work, by boundless vigilance and activity. He recommended to their care the interior

of

1796.]

of Breft, L'Orient, Nantz, St. Maloes, and Rennes, where the fpies of the EngJith minifter had chiefly taken their refidence. And, independent of the praife which he will merit who fhall arreft either one of those spies or an emigrant, he promifed a reward of one hundred livres in fpecie; and, farther, to pay all the expences attending the refearches after them. Whatever may be the effects of the French revolution in other inftances, it has certainly produced a change in the ftyle and conduct of his holiness, the pope, highly favourable to his apoftolic charac

ter.

On the 5th of July, his holiness difpatched a letter, addressed to all the faithful Catholics in France; in which he tells them, that the paftoral care which our Lord Jefus Chrift has committed to him, impofes upon him the duty of enlightening all the faithful, and of preventing them from being mifled by the falfe glare of worldly philofophy: "For," fays his holinefs, "it has been declared to us, as to the prophet Ifaiah, Cry, fpare not, lift up your voice lik a trumpet, tell my people their iniquities." He proceeds to inform the faithful, that it is a received doctrine of the Catholic religion, that the eftablishment of governments is a work of divine wisdom, for the purpofe of preventing anarchy and confufion; and concludes by folemnly exhorting the faithful in France, to yield fubmiffion to their rulers with all their hearts, and with all their ftrength, by which means they will render that obedience to God which is his due, and convince their governors, that true reli. gion by no means authorizes the overthrow of the civil laws.

In the night of the 9th of September, a new infurrection took place in Paris, excited by the remains of the Jacobin faction, or the friends of Robefpierre, and the adherents to the conftitution of 1793. At eleven o'clock on that evening, about 800 infurgents affembled, in various parts of Paris, and marched to the Plains of Grenelle, where there was an encampment of between 2000 and 3000 men. In this fudden and unexpected affault, the sentinels were furprised and maffacred, and the infurgents marched into the camp, demanding the re-eftablishment of the conftitution of 1793, and the overthrow of the directory." They were armed with piftols, fwordRicks, and fome mufquets, and were provided with powder and ball for the fufils, which they expected to feize. The dra

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The dragoons, commanded by an officer of the name of Malo, fell upon the rebels, who in the beginning made a ftrong refiftance; they killed fome foldiers, and wounded five, but were foon furrounded and purfued from all fides; 150 of them were either killed or wounded, between 90 and 100 were taken prifoners, and conducted to L'Ecole Militaire. The troops behaved nobly on this occafion, and rejected with horror the perfidious words of the affailants. The directory, in the mean time, took every precaution to enfure the tranquillity of Paris, and to render the defigns of the infurgents abortive. The council of five hundred empowered them to make domiciliary vifits during the day-time, and the infurgents were ordered to be tried by courts martial.

Perfect tranquillity reigned at Paris on the 11th and 12th of September; and no apprehenfions were entertained of fresh attempts on the part of the Jacobins, to difturb the public repofe.

This infurrection does not appear to have been formidable, either from the number of perfons concerned, or from the manner in which it was planned and executed, and the conduct of the troops in quelling them, afforded a convincing proof both of the ftrength of the prefent government of France, and of the attachment of the majority of the people to it.

On the 6th of September, Camus prefented to the council of five hundred, a definitive plan of the amnesty, which was ordered to be printed. The following are its principal difpofitions:

ift, Every profecution begun, or to be begun, every action, purfuit, and judgment, on account of offences committed, on occafion and during the courfe of the revolution, up to the 4th Brumaire, 4th year inclufive, are extinguifhed and annulled; civil actions for restitution, being ftill referved.

2d, The ci-devant French emigrants, and thofe against whom transportation has been pronoueed, are alone excepted from the general amnesty introduced by the preceding article.

3d, Every

XV. A treaty of commerce fhall be concluded, upon a footing the moft equitable and mutually advantageous, which shall enfure to each, with its ally, a marked preference for the produce of its foil and manufactures, or at leaft advantages equal to those which the moft favoured nations enjoy. The two powers engage, from this time, to make common caufe in order to reprefs and annihilate the maxims (adapted by whatever other country) inimical to their principles, to the fecurity of the neutral flag, and to the refpect which is due to it, as well to reftaplish the colonial fyftem of Spain upon the footing on which it exifted, or ought to have exifted, according to form er treaties.

XVI. The capacity and jurifdict on of confuls fhall be fettled and regulated by a particular agre ment, till which time they fhall remain upon their prefent footing.

XVII. To avoid all disputes between the two powers, they hall occupy themselves, without delay, with the explanation and afcertaining the 7th article of the treaty of Bafle, conce ning the frontiers, acc rding to the in ructions, lafis, and memorials, which fhall be communicated through the medium of the ame plenipotentiaries who negotiate this treaty.

XVIII. England being the only power againft which Sp. in has direct complaints, the prefent alliance fhall take effect only against her during the prefent war, and Spain fhall remain neuter with respect to other powers armed again the republic.

XIX. The ratifications of the prefent treaty fhall be exchanged in one month from its figpature.

Done at Ildephonfo, 2 Fructidor (Aug. 19) 4th year of the Republic, one and indivifible. (Signed) PERIGNON. PRINCE DE LA PAIX.

In our laft account of the military affairs of France, we left the forces under general Moreau, puriuing the archduke on his retreat along the great roads of Gmund and Goeppingen. On the 8th of Auguft, the French attacked the Auftrian out-pofts of general Hotze and Riefe, and drove them in. On the 9th of Auguft, the prince of Condé was defeated, and the emigrants under his command fuffered feverely; he was obliged to retire to Mindenheim, on the Mindel, and general Wolf into the defile of Bergentz. General Wartenfleben at this time reported, that his pofition was fo bad, as to render it highly imprudent for him to wait the attack which general Jourdan, from his late move

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ments, feemed to be meditating: and the fame day, general Moreau arrived in great force, oppofite the centre of the archduke's extenlive line.

On the 10th of Auguft, the French marched a strong part of their first line into the woods in their front, where they established themfelves firmly, and the fame evening about fix o'clock, attacked general Hotze's left, at Eglingen, and Amerdingen, with great impetuolity; they defeated and drove back his advanc ed pofts, but they did not interrupt the attack which the archduke intended making upon them the next morning. All the difpofitions for this premeditated attack of the Auftrians upon the French, were egularly made, and the columns break. A muft violent ftorm, however, were ordered to advance just before daywhich lafted feveral hours, rendered the night fo extremely dark, and the roads fo bad, that the roops and artillery were above double the time they would otherwife have been in performing their movements, and the attack was neceffarily deferred till feven o'clock. This enabled the French to di cover the whole plan, and to prepare for their defence.

Though this circumftance deprived the archduke of the advantage of furprife, he yet perfevered in his refolution to attack. The three columns of the centre made fome impretion upon the French, but the column that marched towards Umenheim, finding itfelf taken in flank by general Moreau's reserve, which advanced for that purpose as foon as the affair commenced, was obliged to retire. This laid general Hotze's right flank open, and forced him alfo to fall back to the pofition of Forcheim, whence he had marched in the morning. At the time the archduke was making his difpofitions for ftrengthening and bringing forward his right again, he received a report from general Wartenfleben, purporting, that he was obliged to retire to Amberg; and that a column of general Jourdan's army had already arrived at Nuremberg, for the purpote of co-operating immediately with genera! Moreau. Upon this information, the archduke fufpended his attack-The lofs was confiderable on both fides; but the archduke had the additional mortification of fecing his projected plan completely frustrated.

General Moreau profited by the large detachment, which had been drawn from the Auftrian army, opposed to him; he immediately determined to make a di

verfion

verfion, by attacking the Auftrians under general La Tour, encamped at Friedberg, and wading the Lech at a place where it was fordable.

The left wing of Moreau's army paffed this river firft, at a ford unknown to the Auftrians, and which they had confequently neglected to guard, oppofite to Hauftetten; the volunteers were above their middle in water, and carried their mufquets on their heads. The current was fo rapid, that the first who advanced were almost entirely hurried away, but were afterwards relieved. The French troops took poffeffion of Kuffing, and gained the heights which lead to Ott moring, on the left flank of the Auf trians, who, with their artillery and infantry, covered all the river oppofite the centre of the French army. General St. Cyr began the attack, by a difcharge from the artillery and mufquetry; which, drawing on that of the Auftrians, and even diminishing it fenfibly, allowed the other part of the French forces to pafs the river, to the right and left of Lechhauffen, which village was inftantly attacked; the Auftrians loft five pieces of cannon, and were chafed from the hamlet near the other bridge. The French then forced the bridge, which the Auftrians had fortified with artillery, and attacked the pofition of Friedberg.

The advanced guard on the right, commanded by general Abattucci, moved to the left on the great road of Munich, in order to cut off that retreat. General Ferrino and general St. Cyr, with the remainder of the French forces, hemmed the Auftrians in on all fides, and put them to the route. The divifion of general Ferrino, pursued as far as Rhinethal. General Vandamme purfued to near the valley of La Ser: from 1500 to 1600 prifoners were taken, and forty officers, of whom three were of fuperior rank; the fatigue of the men and horfes put an end to the purfuit. The French troops took pofleflion of Munich on the 26th of Auguft.

After the French had paffed the Lech, the reconnoitring parties informed general Moreau, that the Auftrians pofteffed the bridge of Ingoldstadt, and had a ftrong garrifon in the town. On the firft of September, the French general Defaix had orders to attack the head of the bridge of Ingoldftadt, and force the Auftrians to cut down the bridge: general St. Cyr was ordered to push his outpofts, to hamper and reconnoitre Frefing: general Ferino was ordered to approach

Munich, fince from the 30th of Auguft. his vanguard had occupied Munich and Vertameening. In taking this pofition, the 4th of dragoons had charged with the greatest bravery the cavalry of the Auftrian vanguard, and had purfued them nearly as far as the Ifer, taking from them 80 horfes, and as many men. At the moment when thefe attacks commenced, the Auftrians, who had marched all night, attacked at day-break the out-pofts of the left wing of the French. They refifted fufficiently to allow the troops who had marched towards Ingoldftadt, to return. They left there only the body of flankers, under the command of general Delmas, who was attacked the fame inftant, but fucceeded in repulfing the Auftrians.

The vanguard fell back in good order, as far as Hangenbrugh, and the chapel St. Garll. The troops of the main body. and the referve being placed there, they checked the efforts of the Auftrians.

The Auftrian cavalry, notwithstanding the dreadful havoc made among them by the French artillery, charged the French batteries with light artillery, which continued their fire with the greatest coolnefs, though they were not above 25 paces diftant.

An

The French charged this cavalry in front and flank with great bravery; a part of them was driven into a marsh, and about 100 horfes were taken. other was obliged to pafs under the fire of a battalion-another French battalion then attacked the heights of the chapel St. Garll. diflodged the Auftrians, and obliged them to retire (in which they were favoured by the night) with only the lofs of 500 prifoners, but leaving the field of battle covered with men and horfes, as well as the route they had taken. Their lofs, in killed, wounded, and prifoners, was eftimated at 1800

men.

This body belonged to the army of general Wartenfleben, which the archduke had fent to ftop the progrefs of the French in that quarter; and from this circumftance, general Moreau hoped that the army under general Jourdan would easily refume the offenfive. The French troops, though inferior in number, were reported by their commander to have performed prodigies of valour.

On the 2d of September, general Moreau took up his head quarters at Caffenhoffen, where he took 40,000 facks of grain, hay, ftraw, and the ovens of the Auftrians.