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P. L. 301.

28 April 1829 § 1. ever there are such, and also if deemed necessary, to be curbed by the owners of the ground fronting or bordering thereon, at their own costs and expenses respectively, (t) agreeably to the existing regulations of the public streets and alleys of the said city, in such manner, at such times, and under such restrictions as the said select and common councils shall or may order and direct: Provided, That no private alley, which shall be enclosed, and intended for the sole use of the owner or occupier, shall be required to be paved, and that no private street, court or alley, not intended for the passage of carts, shall be required to be curbed.

Ibid. § 2. Refusal of owner

626. If the owner or owners, or person or persons, having charge of any ground, fronting or bordering on any such private street, court or alley, so as aforesaid to pave and curb. directed to be paved and curbed, or paved or curbed, shall refuse or neglect to pave and curve, or to pave or curb, as may be required, that part of such street, court or alley which shall be in front of or next to their respective lots or pieces of ground, in such manner and to such extent as may be required to keep the same in repair, for the space of [fourteen] days after he, she or they shall have been thereunto required by the city commissioners of the said city, then it shall and may be lawful for the said city commissioners to pave and curb, or pave or curb, as the case may be, the part and parts of such streets, courts and alleys, refused or neglected to be paved and curbed, or paved or curbed, as required as aforesaid, and as often as may be necessary to repair the same, and to recover the expenses thereof, and at the rate of ten per cent advance thereon, as a penalty for such refusal or neglect, and the costs of suit, by an action in the name of the mayor, aldermen and citizens of Philadelphia, before the mayor, recorder or any alderman of the said city, or any justice of the peace of any county, or in any court of competent jurisdiction: Provided, That no owner of any lot of ground shall be required to pave or curb, except opposite or in front of his or her lot of ground, and to no greater extent than one-half of the width of any such street, court or alley.

8 April 1864. P. L. 324.

(8.) Sewers and culverts.

627. The city of Philadelphia shall have power to construct sewers in the streets of the said city, and to charge therefor the sum of [one dollar and fifty Power to construct cents] (u) for each lineal foot against each front, the same to be recovered as liens for the laying of water-pipe are recovered in said city, and with the same allowance for corner lots.

sewers.

Cost.

27 March 1865 § 1. P. L. 791.

Tenant may pay assessment and defalk the same against the rent.

10 April 1867 § 1. P. L. 1111.

Cost of connections to be a lien.

20 April 1869. P. L. 1190.

Branch sewers.

628. The city of Philadelphia shall have power to construct sewers or drains in the streets of said city, and to charge the sum of [one dollar and fifty cents] (v), per linear foot against each front; the same to be recovered as liens (w) for the laying of water-pipe are now recovered in said city, and with the same allowance for corner lots; and from the passage of this act it shall be lawful for any tenant of any property, wherever the owner or owners of property so assessed for the construction of any sewer or drain as aforesaid, neglect or refuse to pay the said assessment, the tenant of such property-owner may pay the assessment against such property to the contractor, and hand the receipt thereof to the propertyowner as so much cash paid for rent, as tenants are now required to pay taxes for delinquent property-owners.

629. Whenever, in pursuance of an act of assembly, or of an ordinance of the city of Philadelphia, any lot or premises, in said city, shall be connected with the sewers thereof, the entire cost of making such connections shall be a lien upon said lot or premises, in the same manner as the charges or assessments for sewers are by law a lien upon real estate in said city; and the liens therefor may be filed and collected in the same manner as liens for the said sewer charges or assessments are now filed and collected.

630. The select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia shall have power(x) and authority to order and direct the construction of branch sewers in said city whenever the same shall be approved by the board of surveys, and in the opinion of councils shall be required for the health, comfort or convenience of the

(t) See ordinance 3 May 1855, § 1, 141. (u) By ordinance 16 February 1869, 47. March 1865, § 1, P. L. 791.

(v) By ordinance 16 February 1869, 47. March 1866, P. L. 354, infra, pl. 642.

See act 27
See act 30

(w) A property may be assessed for the construction of a sewer, though another mode of drainage be provided; it does not necessarily follow that it is not benefited by the improvement. Fifth Avenue Sewer, 4 Brewst. 364. The construction of a sewer, if necessary, is properly included in an assessment for grading. Marshall v. Commonwealth, 59 P. S. 455. The city may construct a sewer, which empties into a private drain, and assess the property-owner for the cost thereof. Philadelphia v. McNeely, 7 W. N. C. 573. Philadelphia v. Church, 1 Ibid. 299.

But the owners of lots bordering on a street laid out, but not opened, cannot be assessed for the

expense of constructing a culvert therein. Coxe v. Philadelphia, 47 P. S. 9. Wistar v. Philadelphia, 71 Ibid. 44. The lot on which a church is erected is not subject to local assessments for the construction of sewers. City v. Church, 14 W. N. C. 232. The house of refuge and eastern penitentiary are not subject to sewer assessments. War. Op. 1885, 66. A sewer assessment cannot be collected from "rural" property. Ibid. 1884, 81; see City v. Coal Co., 15 W. Ñ. Ĉ. 131. Preliminary to filing a claim for sewer frontage, a bill should be delivered to the owner, or, if unknown, be placed upon the premises, in accordance with ordinance 29 January 1855. War. Op. 1886,

86.

(2) A municipal corporation has power to construct sewers and regulate the use of them without any special statutory authority. Fisher v. Harrisburg, 2 Gr. 291.

inhabitants of said city, (y) and the provisions of the act, entitled "A further sup plement to the act to incorporate the city of Philadelphia," approved April eighth, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, (z) shall not be construed so as to apply to the same. (a)

(9.) Cleaning streets and removal of garbage.

20 April 1869. P. L. 1190.

P. L. 397.

of highways.

631. Said [bureau of highways] shall have full power and authority to make 18 March 1869 § 2. and enter into all contracts for cleaning of said streets and the removal therefrom sweepings, manures, ashes, garbage, offal and refuse, and shall advertise in not Contracts to be less than two daily papers published in the city of Philadelphia, for a period of ten made by bureau days, commencing within twenty days after the passage of this act, for proposals, accompanied with specifications, showing how often and in what manner the proposed work is to be done, and for such periods, not exceeding [one] (b) year from the date of contract; proposals shall be opened at the time and place fixed in said Proposals. notice, in the presence of the [director], and in the presence of the finance committee, or such of them as may see proper to attend; and the contract shall be awarded to the lowest (c) and best bidder, to be approved by the [director] and a majority of said finance committee as may be present.

Ibid. § 3. Bond of con

632. The contractor or contractors shall enter into such security for the faithful performance of said work, in such sum or sums, and in such manner, as shall be approved by the [director]; and in such case contractor or contractors shall fail tractor. to perform the duties required by such contract for a period of twenty-four hours after notice duly served upon him or them, said [director] shall have power to have said work done, and the expense thereof shall be charged to such contractor or contractors, and shall be deducted from amount due them; said contracts shall be submitted to and approved by the city solicitor.

Ibid. § 4.

633. The water [bureau] of the city of Philadelphia shall, under a supervisor of the [bureau of highways], grant to the aforesaid contractor or contractors the free Contractor to have use of the water from the public hydrants of the said city, for the purpose of free use of water. sprinkling the streets in cleaning the same.

Ibid. § 5.

634. Said contract or contracts shall be paid by the city treasurer, in equal monthly payments, upon warrants drawn by the [director]; and the mayor, select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia are hereby authorized and directed tractent of conto provide for the expenses authorized by this act in their respective annual tax levies.

(10.) Broad street.

P. L. 299.

635. Upon the improvement of said street, or any portion thereof, as provided 23 March 1866 § 4. in the first section hereof, (d) and in consideration of the payment of the cost thereof, by the owners of property abutting thereupon, as aforesaid, or upon and in con- Railroad tracks not sideration of the contributions and payments of the moneys agreed to be paid, or to be located on. ascertained by a jury as aforesaid, no person or persons, or corporations of any kind, nor the city of Philadelphia, shall, at any time hereafter, be authorized or empowered to locate, lay, construct or maintain any railroad or railway tracks, or other obstructions, prejudicial to the uses and purposes aforesaid, along or upon

(y) Councils are the exclusive judges of the question whether the construction of a sewer is requisite to the health, comfort and convenience of the inhabitants. Waln v. Philadelphia, 11 W. N. C. 314.

(z) It is the proviso therein, requiring the consent of property-owners to the construction of branch sewers, which is repealed.

(a) Where a corporation constructs a sufficient culvert it is not responsible in damages, by reason of its subsequently becoming insufficient to carry off the water from an extraordinary fall of rain, in consequence of the increase of population and the greater extent of territory graded and built upon. Carr v. Northern Liberties, 35 P. S. 324. Kennedy v. Philadelphia, 14 P. L. J. 230. Fair v. Philadelphia, 88 P. S. 309. Collins v. Philadelphia, 93 Ibid. 272. But the eity is bound to construct its sewer properly and keep it in good condition and repair, and negligence in the performance of these duties will render it liable. The omission to make examination is negligence. The city is presumed to have knowledge of an open defect after a reasonable time has elapsed for its ascertainment and removal. That the injury was caused by an unprecedented fall of rain will not relieve the city, if the sewer was in such a condition that it was likely to break whenever there might be a fall of water equal to the maximum the sewer was designed to carry off. Vanderslice v. Philadelphia, 103 Ibid. 103. See Kibele v. Philadelphia, 14 W. N. C. 393.

A municipal corporation may connect its sewers with a natural channel for the flow of water without

incurring any liability to keep that channel open to its mouth. Munn v. Pittsburgh, 40 P. S. 364.

The city has no right to construct a sewer in a private alley not dedicated to public use. McClintock v. Allegheny, 33 L. I. 410. The city has no right to drain other than surface-water into a small stream running through private property. Albertson v. Philadelphia, 12 W. N. C. 158. As to the right to build a culvert on private property, see West's Op. 1883, 39. A city contractor may construct a sewer under a railroad without giving a bond of indemnity to the company. War. Op. 1885, 46.

(b) Since the act 11 June 1879, §§ 1 and 3, P. L. 130. (c) A contract for cleaning the streets, in pursuance of an ordinance, must be awarded to the lowest. bidder, after advertisement. McKinley v. Philadelphia, 6 Phila. 123. The contractor owes no duty to a citizen for the nonfeasance of which the citizen can maintain an action. Erskine v. McNichol, 13 W. N. C. 224. The commissioner of highways has no authority to clean other than public streets. Private courts and alleys can be dealt with by the board of health. West's Op. 1883, 46. Débris in the streets from a fire, if not removed by the owner, will be removed by the highway department at his expense. War. Op. 1885, 31.

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(d) This act authorizes the city to take and appropriate franchises and properties belonging to any private owner or municipal railroad or railway corporation" upon Broad street in the way and under the conditions therein mentioned.

23 March 1866 § 4. said street, or any portion thereof (except at the intersection of streets, and for the purpose of crossing said Broad street).

P. L. 299.

Ibid. § 5.

636. The select and common councils of the city are hereby authorized and Duty of councils. requested to enact all ordinances or resolutions necessary and proper for the carrying into effect the requirements, provisions and purposes of this act, and in like manner to require any railway tracks, hereafter to be laid and constructed upon Removal of tracks. Broad street, to be done under the direction of the chief engineer of the said city, in such manner as shall not interfere with any carriage or roadway, or boulevard which may occupy the centre portion of said street. (e)

15 April 1858. P. L. 275.

ware avenue.

Damages.

(11.) Delaware avenue.

637. The councils of the city of Philadelphia are hereby authorized to widen the whole or any part of Delaware avenue, along the Delaware front of said city, to a Widening of Dela- width not exceeding fifty feet, by extending the eastern line of said avenue eastwardly as far as may be necessary; and for that purpose said councils shall have the power from time to time to appropriate such portions of wharf and dock properties on said avenue as may be requisite for said widening; and all damages therefor shall be sued for, ascertained and paid in the same manner as now provided by law for the opening of streets in said city; and in assessing such damages the jury shall take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages accruing to the owners of the property so taken: Provided, nevertheless, That nothing herein contained shall be so construed to authorize any reduction in the width of any part of said avenue or Wharf street, wherever it may exceed fifty feet in width, as provided by ordinance of councils, approved December fourth, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, and a supplement thereto: And provided also, That the damages to properties on said avenue, between Vine and South streets, shall be paid out of the fund appropriated in the will of Stephen Girard to the improvement of Delaware avenue. No part of said avenue shall be deemed to be widened as aforesaid until a plan of the same, prepared by the board of survey of said city, under the direction of and approved by said councils, shall have been first filed in the office of the said board of surveys for the period of thirty days, and due notice thereof given for said period by the chief engineer and surveyor, once a week, in at least two of the daily papers published in said city.(g)

15 May 1871. P. L. 872.

638. The select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia be, and they are hereby authorized to widen Delaware avenue, upon the east side of the same, Widening to eighty so that the width thereof shall not exceed eighty feet, and said avenue, between Queen street and Washington avenue, shall be located of that width upon the public plans of said city.

feet.

8 May 1866 § 1. P. L. 1074.

Running of cars

(12.) Tearing up streets.

639. In laying water and gas-pipes (h) and constructing culverts on any street used for a passenger railway track in the city of Philadelphia, the officers and agents of said city shall be required to lay such pipes, and construct such culverts not to be interfered alongside of the railway track, and in such manner as not to interfere with or obstruct the running of the cars: Provided, That the increased cost of constructing culverts, by reason of the railway on the street, be paid by the railway company to the city of Philadelphia; such increase to be ascertained by the chief engineer and surveyor of said city.

with.

16 April 1888 § 3. P. L. 626.

XXIII. Sidewalks.

640. It shall and may be lawful for the select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia, from time to time, by ordinances, at the expense of the owner or

(e) This act is constitutional; and the ordinance for laying the Nicholson pavement thereon, and the contracts under it, made by the highway department, were valid. Bouvier v. Philadelphia, 24 L. I. 340.

(g) The act of 7 April 1807, § 1, 4 Sm. 405, enacts that the street called Wharf street shall be fifty feet wide, to be widened on the east side of the said street to that width, and when the intercourse through the said street shall require it, the commissioners of the district of Southwark shall order and direct a foot pavement to be laid off, not less than twelve feet wide, with curbstone on the west side of the said street, under such regulations and restrictions as the foot pavements of other streets are regulated and paved in the district.

See the act of 24 March 1832, P. L. 133, as to the power to lay out and open, and as to the construction of wharves. It is further provided that the city shall exercise such jurisdiction and enact such ordinances as may be necessary for the full acceptance and execution of the bequests and trusts of Stephen Girard's will.

For the lines of Water street and Delaware avenue see ordinances of 26 July 1832, and 27 February 1834. Duane's City Digest, pp. 561, 562.

By the ordinance 23 November 1872, 520, the consent of the city of Philadelphia was given to the Pennsylvania railroad company, to occupy so much of said avenue as might be necessary for business purposes, from its intersection with Commercial avenue to the point where it is crossed by Pollock street: Provided, The width so occupied should not exceed forty feet, and that the city should be at no expense for damages or graduation.

By the act 6 June 1873, P. L. 1874, 415, the said company, with the consent of councils, was authorized to construct a double track road on Delaware avenue between Dock and Christian streets. The Pennsylvania railroad company must keep in repair the space covered by its tracks on Delaware avenue between Washington avenue and South street. War. Op. 1884, 114.

(h) See the ordinance of 17 April 1868, 146.

P. L. 626.

owners of the property adjoining, to regulate, grade, (i) pave and repave, curb and 16 April 1838 § 3. recurb, the said footways or sidewalks, and the said ordinances, rules and regulations to execute, under the direction or superintendence of such person or persons To be regulated, as they may authorize or appoint, and the same to enforce by suitable penalties, graded, paved and which penalties and expenses of paving and repaving, curbing and recurbing, as repaved, curbed aforesaid, shall be recoverable before any alderman of said city, or before any expense of owner. court having jurisdiction, in the same manner that debts of like amount are by law recoverable.

and recurbed at

28 April 1878. P. L. 854. Councils

ulate curb lines and heights.

may reg

641. The select and common councils of the city of Philadelphia be and they are hereby authorized and empowered to alter and regulate the curb lines and heights, and determine and make uniform the widths of the footways of the streets within the limits of the said city. 642. All acts or parts of acts which limit the charges made by said city, for the 30 March 1866 § 1. construction of sewers, for paving, and for the laying of water-pipes, so far as said limitations are concerned, be and the same are hereby repealed; and hereafter all Councils may fix the said charges and rates shall be fixed, from time to time, by ordinance of cost of paving, sewers and watercouncils. pipes.

P. L. 354.

643. Whenever an application shall be hereafter made to the select and common 10 April 1826 § 1. councils of the city of Philadelphia for the curbing and paving of the whole or any P. L. 336. part of the footways of any unpaved street, lane, court or alley within the said city, When councils by the owners of at least one-half of the ground fronting thereon, it shall and may may require the be lawful for the select and common councils, if they deem such curbing and pav- Cotways on uncurbing and paving ing expedient, to require the same to be curbed and paved by the owners of the paved streets. ground fronting thereon, at their own cost respectively, agreeably to the existing regulations, in such manner, at such times, and under such restrictions as the said select and common councils may direct and adopt: Provided, That not more than three squares of any such unpaved street, lane, court or alley shall be included in any one such application.

Ibid. § 2.

When the city may

644. If the owner or owners, or person or persons, having the charge of any ground fronting on any footway so as aforesaid directed to be curbed and paved, in whole or in part, shall refuse or neglect to have the footway in front of such itself curb, pave or ground so curbed and paved, and to keep the same in repair, for the space of twenty repair. days after he, she or they shall have been thereunto required by the commissioners of the said city, then it shall and may be lawful for the said city commissioners to pave and curb, and as often as may be necessary, to repair such footways, and to recover the amount of the expense thereof, and twenty per cent advance thereon as a penalty for such refusal or neglect, and the costs of suit, by an action in the name of the mayor, aldermen and citizens of Philadelphia, before the mayor, recorder or any alderman of the said city, or to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of the tenant in possession of any such ground, in the same manner as rent is by law recoverable, which tenant is hereby authorized to pay the same, and defalk the amount thereof against the rent which may be then due or may thereafter become due for such ground; and the same when recovered shall be paid into the treasury of the said city for the use thereof; and the amount of the expense of curbing and paving, or repairing any footway as aforesaid, shall, until the same be paid, be a lien on the ground fronting on such footway in the same manner as taxes are by law a lien on real estate in said city.

Ibid. § 3.

Councils to pass

645. The select and common councils be, and they are hereby empowered to pass, ordain and establish such and so many laws, ordinances, resolutions and regulations as may from time to time be expedient for carrying into effect the pro- ordinances. visions of this act, according to the true intent and meaning thereof.

P. L. 562.

24th wards.

646. When a majority of the property-owners, or the owners of a majority of 22 March 1865 § 1. the feet frontage, for a continuous distance of five hundred feet or more, on any one or both sides of any street, road or lane used as a public highway, in the Paving footways Twenty-second and Twenty-fourth wards, shall petition councils of said city for in the 22d and a paved footway along the same, they shall state, in their petition, the kind of pavement wanted by them; and councils shall, when such petition is received, direct the highway department of said city to notify the owners of property on said street, or such parts thereof as may have been included in the petition, to have such footway paved in front of their respective premises, in the manner indicated in the petition, within thirty days after receiving said notice.

Ibid. § 2.

647. Should any of the property-owners refuse or neglect to make said pavement, for thirty days after notice has been given, the highway department shall proceed, When city may do without delay, to have it made, and charge the cost thereof to the property in front the work. of which it is made; and if said cost is not paid within thirty days after a bill for the same has been presented, a claim shall be filed in the proper court for the amount thereof; which claim shall be a lien against the property, and shall be collected in the same manner as other municipal claims are now by law collected. 648. When said pavement requires repairing, and the owner or owners of prop erty in front of which the repairs are needed, neglect or refuse, after ten days' Repairing.

Ibid. § 3.

(4) A municipal corporation is liable for negligence in the performance of a public work; such as the grading of a street. Conemaugh v. Schwable, 1 W. N. C. 55.

P. L. 562.

22 March 1865 § 3. notice, to make such repairs, it shall be the duty of the highway department to have them made without delay; and the costs thereof shall be collected in the same manner as the cost is ordered to be collected by the second section of this act.

Ibid. § 4.

Curbstones and

649. Nothing in this act shall prevent councils of the city of Philadelphia from directing the curbstones to be set, and brick pavements laid, on the footways of brick pavements. any of the streets, in said ward, whenever said streets are opened and graded according to confirmed surveys, and the advance of improvements may demand the same.

Ibid. § 5. Two citizens may petition.

20 April 1869 § 1.

P. L. 1192.

Owners in the 22d ward may lay out

and maintain sidewalks.

15 April 1782 § 13. 2 Sm. 51.

Iron grates over vault openings.

650. Should a majority of owners of property upon any of the said streets, upon which public lamps have been erected, refuse to petition councils for a pavement, it will be competent for any two citizens, living upon the said street, to petition the councils for the said pavement, setting forth the condition of the sidewalk, sworn to before a magistrate; and councils shall order the commissioners of highways, as is provided in section first of this act, to notify said owners to put down a pavement in conformity with this act.

651. Any owner of property on any street or public road in the Twenty-second ward of the said city, may lay out and maintain sidewalks and footway pavements of the same width as provided by ordinances of said city for streets of similar width; that the district surveyor shall, upon application of any property-owner, and payment of his fees, survey and stake out such walks and pavements; and after the same are made, any person or persons trespassing on them, with horse or vehicle, shall be liable to all the penalties as provided by law for like trespass on pavements in other parts of said city.

XXIV. Vaults.

652. Every owner or owners of vaults, over which a grate or grates are placed, shall cause the said grate or grates to be made of good iron bars, of one inch square, of eighteen inches long, and so in proportion to the length of the bar, the said bar to be laid crosswise of the street, and the space between the bars not to exceed one inch and a quarter of an inch; and the said grate or grates shall be fixed in a frame of stone, or good red cedar, the scantling of which to be at least six inches square for a bar of eighteen inches long, and so in proportion for the length of the bar, the frame to be laid solid on the wall of the opening of the said vault, and the upper side of the frame nearly level with the pavement, the wall of the opening, with the arch of the vault, and the grate or grates, always to be kept in good Penalty for viola- repair. And every owner, if a resident within the said city, or tenant of a nonresident owner, who has or may have vaults under any of the public streets, is hereby directed and enjoined to comply with the above regulations, under the penalty of thirty shillings (k) *** to be applied toward making, amending and cleansing the same; and the [commissioner] is hereby directed to make and amend such vaults or grates, which the owners neglect to repair agreeably to this act, out of the public money, and recover the expense thereof, with the forfeiture of such resident owner, or tenant of such non-resident owner, respectively, as the case may require, in a summary way, as debts under five pounds are usually recovered. If any tenant of a non-resident owner shall make or repair the vault, grate or grates, agreeably to this act, it shall be allowed to him by the owner or landlord out of the rent then due, or thereafter to become due.

tion.

Repairs.

21 April 1855 § 8. P. L. 264.

City may con

struct bridges over ravines and streams.

XXV. Bridges.(1)

653. It shall be lawful for said city to construct (m) any bridges that may be necessary to carry any street or highway at the proper grade across any ravine or stream therein: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall relieve councils from the duty of constructing a bridge over the Schuylkill at Chestnut street, as directed by law.

(k) See ordinance 12 November 1855, § 3, 246. (7) See tit. Municipal Corporations.' (m) A municipal corporation is liable for an injury sustained in consequence of the defective construction of a bridge. Castor v. Philadelphia, 6 W. N. C. 415. Comly v. Philadelphia, 11 Ibid. 532. When a street exists, and a railroad bridge over it is rendered necessary, it is the duty of the railroad company to build and repair it. Otherwise, if the street is laid out and opened across an existing railroad track. West's Op. 1883, 13. Where a railroad crosses an existing street with a bridge, it is bound to keep it in repair. The city is liable for repairs where the bridge is built to carry a street across a railroad. War. Op. 1885, 23. Also for construction. Ibid. 29. See Ibid. 104. A railroad com

pany cannot be compelled to erect a wider bridge over a highway, widened since the railway was constructed. West's Op. 1883, 54. A county is not liable for injuries to a foot passenger upon a county bridge from a team of runaway horses, by reason of there being but a curb six inches high, between the footway and drive. Lehigh v. Hoffert, 19 W. N. C. 363.

The act of 27 February 1872, § 1, P. L. 174, authorizes a bridge over the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad at Thompson street. The res. 30 November 1866, 364, refers to construction of sidewalk on Gray's Ferry bridge. The ordinance 22 November 1880, 171, authorizes a bridge over Cobb's creek on City avenue, to be entered of record as a county bridge.

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