Of every 10 people in the world today, four live in
either China or India. Add the Soviet Union and
the United States, and half the World's population
is covered. The other half of the world's people are
distributed among the remaining 196 countries
and territories. Throughout the world, a per-
ceptible decline in population growth rates has
begun to emerge, with the persistent exception of
Africa. In some areas the decrease is substantial, in
others incipient; in general the decrease is no
longer questionable. Over 70 percent of the
world's population lives in countries where the
growth rate was lower in 1976 than in 1966.

This publication presents reported and estimated
demographic data for the 200 countries of the
world with a population of at least 5,000 persons,
and for world regions. Benchmark, or hard, data
for each country include the enumerated and
adjusted population from the latest census or
survey, birth and death rates, annual rate of
growth, life expectancy at birth, infant mortality
rate, percent of population under age 15, median
age of mother, median birth order, percent urban,
and percent of labor force in agriculture. A
projected estimate of the population of each
country for 1977 as well as birth and death rates
and the annual rate of growth for 1976 are shown.
All benchmark data and projected estimates are
annotated, and major sources are listed. Also
included for each country are population figures
for each census taken since 1950, and an annual
series of population estimates for the years 1950
to 1977.

This report was prepared under a Resources
Support Services Agreement with the De-
velopment Support Bureau, U.S. Agency for In
ternational Development.

U.S. Department of Commerce
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Series P-23, No. 93 Issued September 1979

INTRODUCTION

This report is one of a series of publications of final data for selected standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), from the Travel-to-Work Supplement to the Annual Housing Survey (AHS), initiated in 1975 under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). The AHS is conducted for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The data in this report are based on interviews of households in the Miami SMSA completed during the period from April 1975 through March 1976. Preliminary data from the Travel-to-Work Supplement, covering the first 4 months of the period, were previously published in Series P-23, No. 68, "Selected Characteristics of Travel to Work in 21 Metropolitan Areas: 1975.”

MAJOR COMMUTING FLOWS

The largest commuting flow in the Miami SMSA in 1975, about 265,000 workers, was comprised of persons who both lived and worked in the suburbs (table 1). In comparison, about 86,000 of the persons who lived in the suburbs commuted into Miami to work. Among the residents of Miami there is some evidence that the number of persons who lived and worked in the city (67,000), was greater than the number who made the reverse trip from the city to suburban employment (61,000).

MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK

Of the approximately 543,000 workers living in the Miami SMSA in 1975, the survey results show that the majority (66 percent) usually drove to work alone (table 2). The proportion who carpooled to work (21 percent) was much larger than the proportion who used public transportation (7 percent), while about 4 percent walked, and 1 percent each used other means and worked at home. Workers who lived in the suburbs were more likely to drive alone to work (70 percent) than residents of the city (56 percent), while

workers who lived in Miami were more likely to use public transportation (14 percent) than suburban residents (5 percent).

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUTERS BY MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION

Sex. A greater proportion of men than women drove alone to work in 1975, while women were more likely than men to carpool or use public transportation (table 3).

Race. Black workers showed a lower incidence of driving alone (about 55 percent) than White1 workers (68 percent), and a correspondingly higher incidence of using public transportation (20 percent compared with 5 percent). The difference between Black workers and White workers in the rate of carpooling, however, was not significant (table 3).

Household relationship. Female household heads were less likely to drive alone to work and more likely to use public transportation than male household heads in 1975 (table 3). Comparing working wives with female household heads, the data indicate that the latter were more likely to drive alone or use public transit, and less likely to carpool than working wives. Fifteen percent of the female household heads carpooled to work, compared with 31 percent of the working wives.

Earnings. Comparing the three most widely used means of transportation, workers who drove alone to work had the highest median earnings ($9,233), followed by workers in carpools ($6,116) and users of public transit ($4,704).

'The racial category "White and other races" is referred to as "White" in the text for convenience.

report is $1.00.

ac or over A Scsimile of te Tae-to-Work Supplement aafarr and a

The Trave-to-Work Supplement was asc included for the 1975 Amua Housing Survey Natora sample, and the 1976-77 and 1977-78 SVSA samples. Each of the SMSA sardes contained about 140 000 households spread over 20 SVSA s for operational reasons the 1975-76 enumeration covered 2" areas. Therefore the 3-year cycle of SMSA samples resulted in coverage of about 420 000 metropolitan households in 60 SVSA & See List of SMSA's by Survey Group. Each of the sune groups of SMSA's contained four very arge SVSA's with approx mately 15,000 sample housing units equally divided between the central city and the SVSA be ance. Each remaining SVSA contained about 5,000 sample housing units distrutted in proportion to the actual distribution of housing units between the central city and the SVSA balance. The survey coverage relates to each SMSA as defined for the 1970 census. A more detailed description of the survey des grand sampling procedures can be found in appendix A.

Related travel-to-work data. In addition to this report, several other data products are or will be available from each of the three SMSA survey groups covered by the Travelto-Work Supplement. These products include other published reports, unpublished tables, microdata tapes, and summary tapes of census tract-to-census tract commuter flows for each

Atlanta, Ga.

Chicago, Ill.*

Calif.

SURVEY GROUP III (1976 to 1977) Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. Bart more Md. Birmingham, Ala.

Buffalo, NY.
Cleveland, Ohio
Denver, Colo.

Grand Rapids, Mich.
Honolulu, Hawaii
Houston, Tex.*
Indianapolis, Ind.
Las Vegas, Nev.
Louisville, Ky.-ind.
New York, N.Y.*

Oklahoma City, Okla.

Omaha, Nebr.-lowa

Providence Pawtucket-Warwick, R.I.

Mass.

Raleigh, N.C.

Sacramento, Calif.

St. Louis, Mo.-III.* Seattle-Everett, Wash.*