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ENGLAND;

From the REVOLUTION to the
Prefent Times.

By N. TINDAL, M. A.
Rector of ALVERSTOKE, in HAMPSHIRE, and
Chaplain of the Royal Hofpital at GREENWICH.

ILLUSTRATED WITH

MAPS, GENEALOGICAL TABLES, and the HEADS
and MONUMENTS of the KINGS.

VOL. XXI. IXth of CONTINUATION.

LONDON:

Printed, by Affignment from Mr. KNAPTON, for
T. OSBORNE, J. ROBINSON, H. WOODFALL, W.STRAHAN,
J. RIVINGTON, J. WARD, R. BALDWIN, W. OWEN, W. JOHN-
STON, J. RICHARDSON, P. DAVEY and B. LAW, T. LONGMAN,
T. FIELD, T. CASLON, S. CROWDER and Co. H. WOODGATE
M. COOPER, and C. WARE.

MDCC LIX,

226.1.758

THE

HISTORY

O F

ENGLAN D.

BOOK XXXIII.

CHAP. I.

Affairs of the North-Marriage of the princess Louifa to the prince royal of Denmark-Naval affairs-in the Mediterranean-in America-Domestic affairsParliament meets-Great debates about the Hanover troops-Mr. Pelham at the head of the treasury-Motion for taxing places and penfions-For repealing the feptennial act-Great expence this year-Account of the negotiation between the French and the pretender— His fon comes to France-The French attempt to invade England-They are difappointed-Difcovery of a plot in England-War declared-Bill enlarging the time for the penalties of Treafon-fufpended.

TH

HE princess Elizabeth of Ruffia, daughter to Peter Geo. II. the great, had by an unparalleled exercife of cou- 1743. rage and prudence, advanced herself from being

den and

the prifoner of the court, to be the fovereign of Affairs bethe country. The great dutchefs, the prince of Bruniwick tween Swea her husband, and the emperor Ivan, a child in the cradle, Ruffia were put under arreft. The counts Munich, Ofterman, and others who had been moft inftrumental in their elevation, were feized, tried, and condemned; but after being brought to the scaffold, their fentence of death was changed into that of perpetual banishment and imprisonment. The duke

Geo. II. of Holftein, whofe grandmother was the eldest fifter to 1743. late king of Sweden, and who confequently was lineal heir

Succeffors

to that crown, and whole mother was the daughter of Czar Peter the Great, was invited to Petersburgh, and having embraced the Greek religion, was, by the emprefs, declared publickly to be the heir of her dominions, which gave fome uncafiness to the court of Denmark on account of the dutchy of Slefwick, his hereditary dominion, which that king possessed. The arts of France, during the late reign in Ruffia, had embroiled her with the crown of Sweden; but a suspension of arms having taken place for three months, the Swedes depending upon the unfettled ftate of the Ruffian government, demanded a reftitution of great part of the places taken from them by the czar Peter. This demand being rejected with fome fcorn, the war between the two powers broke out afresh, greatly to the disadvantage of Sweden, who loft Fredericfham, all their magazines, fome of their beft troops, and were driven out of Finland, which fubmitted to her Ruffian majefty. The French then offered their mediation by their ambaffador Chetardie; but as they were known to be the fomenters of the war, it was rejected by the court of Petersburgh.

both those

crowns.

The affair, however, of the fucceffion to the crown of appointed to Sweden, gave an opportunity for the two powers to make peace. The queftion about the fucceffion was moved for in the fenate of Sweden, and the candidates were reduced to two, the duke of Holftein, who, as has been obferved, had a lineal right to the crown, and prince Frederic of Heffe, nephew of the reigning king. The former carried it in the fenate by a majority of two voices only. The court of Great Britain had interested itself for the latter. A deputation being ordered to acquaint the duke of his election, they found that he had been declared heir to the empire of Ruffia, and had embraced the religion of the Greek church, which incapacitated him from fucceeding to the crown of Sweden. He, however, recommended to their choice the bishop of Lubeck, his uncle, who was every way unexceptionable; and hopes were given by the Ruffian miniftry, that if he was chofen, a good understanding might be restored between Ruffia and Sweden, which the latter greatly defired. The competitor against the bishop of Lubeck was the prince of Denmark, no party now appearing for the prince of Heffe. But the court of Petersburgh making the election of the bishop of Lubeck the price of its friendship, he was chofen. The Swedes having fuffered greatly by the mifmanagement of their gene

rals

rals and minifters in their late war with Ruffia, an enquiry Geo. II. into their conduct was fet on foot; and the popular refent- 1743. ment was fo high against Lewenhaupt, that he was beheaded merely to ftill the clamour of the people and fenate, as was lieutenant general Badenbroke, against not only all justice but all evidence. The conferences at Abo, in which the peace between Ruffia and Sweden was restored, were in a great measure owing to his Britannic majefty's good offices; but the court of France, ever studious to embroil the princes of the North, endeavoured once more to throw them into confufion. His Danish majesty had been brought to refuse the renewal of the fubfidiary treaty with Great Britain, and to conclude one with France. This laft power fuggefted to him, that two princes of the house of Holstein being now declared fucceffors to two monarchies, it was more than probable that he might be disturbed in his poffeffion of the dutchy of Slefwick; and the French minifter urged fo much on that head, that the king of Denmark made great preparations, both by fea and land, to fupport the election of his fon to the fucceffion of Sweden. He was favoured by an infurrection of the Dalecarlians, the moft warlike people in Sweden, in favour of the prince of Denmark, who was beloved by the commonalty all over the kingdom.

Ruffia.

The late government of Ruffia being in the hands of Ger- Affairs of mans, had been in a great measure overturned by the intrigues of Le Chetardie, the French ambaffador, on account of its attachment to the house of Auftria. The queen of Hungary, therefore, could not help interefting herself in the fate of the princefs Anne, late regent of Ruffia, the prince of Brunswick her husband, and their children, then confined in Fort Dundamond by order of the court of Petersburgh. She gave orders to the marquis de Botta, her minifter there, to do all he could with the emprefs to obtain their liberty. The French agents about the perfon of the emprefs had addrefs enough to infinuate to her, that de Botta wanted not only the deliverance, but the restoration, of the prifoners. This infinuation received fome colour from a plot that was discovered, or pretended to be difcovered, at the fame time, in favour of the exiled family; and fome women and other perfons who had been punished for the fame, had named the mar quis de Botta as the fomenter of it. De Botta, who appears to have been innocent, denied the charge, and infifted upon his being recalled, that he might be put upon his trial. His mistress took his part, and the empress of Ruffia was

A 3

angry

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