Mr. Hall's voice was practically the only one publicly raised against the proposed invasion of Golden Gate Park; but happily the threatened misfortune was averted and the exposition was located elsewhere. The exposition actually covered about 750 acres and left 750 acres of devastation and wreckage when it was over. If this had been placed in the 1000 acres of Golden Gate Park, the park would now be practically wiped out.

Although fortunately saved from the wreck and ruin which would have been inflicted by the exposition, the park has been subject to minor encroachments and is threatened by more. Mr. Hall writes: "Our park is being ruthlessly invaded and its character destroyed by the feature promoters. Through the designing efforts of a leading newspaper, our public is coming to think that an ornate building, be it placed ever so offensively in the landscape, is an embellishment' or 'adornment' of our park. Several are already in place, others in contemplation. Now they are proposing to put another museum - a big affair — in the park."

We have taken pleasure in forwarding to Mr. Hall information concerning the multitude of projects for the invasion of Central Park, New York City, and the overwhelming public sentiment which has invariably condemned them. We have no hesitation in assuring the people of San Francisco that New York City has no park asset in which it takes greater pride than that which it has in Central Park, and that if they maintain a steadfast protectorate over their Golden Gate Park against unwarranted invasions, they will never regret it themselves and they will have the benediction of future generations.

NATIONAL PARKS AND MONUMENTS

Complete List

Following is a complete list of the National Parks and National Monuments, together with the dates of their creation, their locations and their areas. Those marked with an asterisk (*) are administered by the Department of the Interior; those marked by a dagger (†) are administered by the Department of Agriculture, and those marked by a double dagger (+) are maintained

by the Department of War. Where two dates are given opposite the same park or monument, the first is the earliest date of estab lishment and the second is the date of change of boundary or status. For instance, Lassen Volcanic National Park was established as a National Monument in 1907 and as a National Park in 1916:

Included in the foregoing list are the following National Parks and Monuments which were not mentioned in our last Annual Report:

+ Walnut Canyon National Monument, Arizona. Bandelier National Monument, New Mexico.

* Sieur de Monts National Monument, Maine..

.

Hawaii National Park, Hawaiian Islands....

Capulin Mountain National Monument, New Mexico.. *Lassen Volcanic National Park, California..

† Old Kasaan National Monument, Alaska.

* Mount McKinley National Park, Alaska.

Lassen National Monument and Cinder Cone National Monument, mentioned in our previous Reports, are now absorbed in the new Lassen Volcanic National Park.

Brief mention of the new National Parks and Monuments is made under the following headings.

CANY

WALNUT CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT

The Walnut Canyon National Monument was created by Presidential Proclamation on November 30, 1915. It consists of 960 acres within the Coconino National Forest, Arizona, and is located approximately 8 miles southeast of the city of Flagstaff, from which it is readily accessible by automobile. It is under the jurisdiction of the Department of Agriculture.

Situated on both sides of the Canyon there are about thirty prehistoric cliff dwellings which have been pronounced excellent examples of the work of the ancient Indians, who were their builders. The houses are built in under the overhanging canyon walls. The largest contains not more than six or eight rooms. All of the houses are built from selected stone and mortar and are plastered on the inside.

At one point in the center of Walnut Canyon there is an isolated butte, or island, which appears to have been used as a fort. On the level top of the butte along its outer edge masonry walls have been built up to a considerable height, so as to form, in connection with its almost precipitous sides, a strong enclosure which could not be entered, without the aid of long ladders.

As a whole the ruins are in a fairly good state of preservation and while many of the masonry walls have been broken down by vandals and many relics have no doubt been removed, the remaining walls are so well protected by the limestone ridges that they will remain intact indefinitely. The buildings were discovered a number of years ago and were visited by local residents for a long time before they became generally known.

The scenic features surrounding the cliff dwellings are also worthy of note. Above them is a broad mesa, covered with a splendid forest of western yellow pine which extends up to the brink of the canyon. The canyon walls are precipitous but are broken by a series of benches along which the dwellings are located. In the canyon and arroyos which lead down to it are many walnut trees which give the place its name. All of the water used by the ancient inhabitants was brought up the steep slopes from the creek, a distance of some five hundred feet.

Just north of the canyon is the Cliff Ranger Station of the United States Forest Service, which is the residence of the Forest

Ranger who is custodian of the Monument. From this point a foot trail has been constructed down to the cliff dwellings for the convenience of visitors. Ladders have been placed at needed points so that dwellings otherwise inaccessible may be reached.

The Ocean-to-Ocean Highway passes within a short distance of the Monument, and an automobile can be driven almost to the edge of the canyon. As a result the ruins are visited each year by approximately three thousand tourists.

At the Ranger Station, the Daughters of the American Revolution have erected a monument to the memory of the pioneer women of Arizona.

BANDELIER NATIONAL MONUMENT Bandelier National Monument in New Mexico was created by proclamation of the President dated February 11, 1916. Its 18,000 acres contain vast numbers of ruins of the aboriginal cliffdwellers, with artificial caves, stone sculptures and other relics of prehistoric life. It is under the administration of the Department of Agriculture.

SIEUR DE MONTS NATIONAL MONUMENT

In 1913, our Society had the pleasure of advising with a group of generous men and women, under the leadership of Presidentemeritus Charles W. Eliot of Harvard University, Mr. George B. Dorr of Boston, and others, in regard to the creation of a National Park or National Monument on Mount Desert Island, off the coast of Maine. The history of the early stage of the evolution of this reservation will be found in our Annual Report for 1913 at pages 275-278. (See plates 63-65.)

In 1916, the contemplated gift to the Nation was consummated and by presidential proclamation of July 8, 1916, it was established as the Sieur de Monts National Monument. It is named after the French King's Lieutenant and Governor of Arcadia under whose orders Champlain was acting when he discovered the island.

This is the first National Monument created on the Atlantic coast. It comprises more than 5,000 acres and was given to the