were made to understand particularly,) they signed it openly, which was as followeth :

"This writing is to testify, That we, Pumham, sachem of Showamock, and Saconoroco, sachem of Patuxet, have, and by these presents do, voluntarily and without any constraint or persuasion, but of our own free motion, put ourselves, our subjects, lands, and estates under the government and jurisdiction of the Massachusetts, to be governed and protected by them, according to their just laws and orders, so far as we shall be made capable of understanding them; and we do promise, for ourselves and our subjects, and all our posterity, to be true and faithful to the said government, and aiding to the maintenance thereof, to our best ability, and from time to time to give speedy notice of any conspiracies, attempt, or evil intention of any, which we shall know or hear of, against the same; and we do promise to be willing, from time to time, to be instructed in the knowledge and worship of God." And in witness hereof they set their marks, in the presence of the ministers and many others. And being told by the Court that they did not receive them as confederates but as subjects, they answered, they were so little in respect of them that they could expect no other.

These two sachems and their subjects being thus received under their jurisdiction, they counted themselves in justice bound not to suffer them to be abused, as they complained they were, as did some of the English likewise about Patuxet, that had submitted themselves before this time to the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts; which was the ground of their sending to fetch Gorton and his company by force, to give an account of their injurious proceedings aforesaid. And when they were come, and not being able to allege any thing rational for their defence, seven of them were sentenced' to be dispersed into so many several towns, and there kept to work for their living, and [to] wear irons upon one leg, and not to depart the limits of the towns, nor by word or writing maintain any of their blasphemous and wicked errors, upon pain of death; this sentence to continue during the pleasure of the Court. There were three more

1 On Nov. 3, 1643. See the sentence in Sav. Win. ii. 147-8.-H.

taken with them in the house, but because they had not their hands to the letters, they were dismissed; two of them upon a small ransom, (as captives taken in war,) and the third freely, for that he was but in his master's house, &c. A fourth, being found to be an ignorant young man, was only enjoined to abide in Watertown, upon pain of the Court's displeasure. About a week after this sentence was past on them, they sent men to take away so many of their cattle as might defray their charges, both of the soldiers and the Court. Many days being spent about them, the whole of the charges, taking in their maintenance in prison, was adjudged to amount to £160. Besides these, there were three who escaped out of the house, where they were taken; these being sent for to come in, two of them did so, and one of them, because his hand also was not to the letter, was freely discharged; the other was sent home upon his own bond to appear at the next Court, only some of his cattle were taken likewise towards the charges. There was a fourth who had his hand to Gorton's first letter, but he died before their soldiers went. They were detained under the sentence aforesaid, but finding that they could not keep them from seducing others, nor yet bring them to any sight of their folly and wickedness, the General Court, in March, 1643, sent them away with this caution, that they should not come into any place where the said Court had jurisdiction, upon pain of death.

In the beginning of the year 16432 Cutshamakin [and] Masconomo, sachems about Boston and Ipswich, were received under the protection of the Massachusetts, with many other3 Indians, upon the same terms that Pumbam and Saconoroco were, being first made to understand the articles of agreement, and the ten commandments, which they solemnly promised to observe, which gave some ground of encouragement to hope that the time was at hand that these heathens should embrace the Christian faith; but their progress that way was not of long continuance, like them that followed Christ for

"Especially the women," says Winthrop.-H. In March, 1643-4. Sav. Win. ii. 155-6.-H. The "Squaw Sachem" of Mass., widow of the powerful Nanapashemet, was one. She married, in 1635, Webcowit, the great powwow of the nation, and died in 1667, "being then old and blind.”—H.

loaves. The sachems' also about Watchusets, being encouraged by the kindness shewed to Pumham, offered to submit to their government; but it was thought to proceed more from fear of some other enemies than any love to the Christian religion. But it seemed that as yet was not come the day of Christ's power, for then his people shall be willing.

CHAP. XLVIII.2

Ecclesiastical affairs in New England from the year

1641 to 1646.

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In the year 1641 one Mr. Blinman, a minister in Wales, came over into New England, with some friends of his, and being invited to Green's Harbor, near Plymouth, they removed thither, and seated themselves amongst the old planters; but, after a little time, they agreed no better than the piece of new cloth in the old garment, making a rent so bad that it could never be made up again, so they were advised to part, and Mr. Blinman came with his company and sat down at Cape Ann, which, at a General Court in the same year, was established to be a Plantation, and called Gloucester.

In the latter end of the same year, some of the inhabitants of Charlestown, having settled a village within the bounds of their town, called it Woburn. They gathered a church there, and on the 22d of November, 1642, Mr. Carter was ordained pastor thereof. There was some little difference about the manner of his ordination; for in regard they had no other officer in their church besides, nor any of their members that thought themselves fit to solemnize such an ordinance, they were advised by some to desire the elders of other churches to perform it, by imposing hands on the said Mr. Carter; but others, supposing it might be an occasion of introducing the dependency of churches, &c., and so of a presbytery,

Their names were Nashacowam or Nashoonon, (supposed to be the same chief called Nattawahunt on page 61,) and Wassamagoin or Massasoit. Sav. Win. ii. 156; Drake's Book of the Indians, ii. pp. 41-2.-H. XLVII in the MS.-H. 3 Baptismal name, Richard.-H. 6 In May, 1642.-н. Baptismal name,

Now Marshfield..-H. Thomas. He came over in 1635, and died Sept. 5, 1684.-H.

were not so free to admit thereof, and therefore it was performed by one of their own members, though not so well to the satisfaction of some of the magistrates and ministers then present; and since that time it hath been more frequent, in such cases, to desire the elders of neighboring churches, by virtue of communion of churches, to ordain such as are by the churches and people chosen to be their officers, where there are no elders before.

In the year 1644 there was a town erected at Nantasket; and at this time there being near twenty houses built, and having obtained a minister, it was by the General Court named Hull.

In the year 1642, there being an Assembly of Divines called by the Parliament to sit at Westminster, to consider and advise about church government, divers Lords of the Upper House, and some members of the House of Commons, with some ministers, who stood for the independency of churches, sent letters into New England, to Mr. Cotton of Boston, Mr. Hooker of Hartford, and Mr. Davenport of New Haven, to call them, or some of them, (if all could not,) to assist in the said Synod.

Upon this some of the magistrates and ministers as were at hand met together, and were most of them of opinion that it was a call of God, yet took respite of concluding till they might hear from Connecticut and New Haven. Upon the return of the messenger that was sent to those towns it appeared that Mr. Hooker liked not the business, nor thought it any sufficient call for them to go a thousand leagues to confer with a few persons that differed from the rest in matter of church government. Mr. Davenport thought otherwise of it; but the brethren of his church having set time apart to understand the mind of God in the case, came to this conclusion, that, in regard they had but one officer, they could not see their way clear to spare him for so long a time as such a journey required.

Mr. Cotton apprehended strongly a call of God in it, and was inclinable to have undertaken a journey, (notwithstanding his natural averseness to a sea voyage,) if others had attended the same; but soon after, upon the receipt of other letters, the difficulty came to an end,

In the same year one Mr. Bennet,' a gentleman of Virginia, arrived at Boston, bringing letters with him from sundry well disposed people there, to the ministers of New England, bewailing their sad condition for want of the means of salvation, and earnestly entreating a supply of faithful ministers, whom, upon experience of their gifts and godliness, they might call to office. Upon these letters, (which were openly read at Boston, on a Lectureday,) the ministers there met, agreed to set a day apart to seek God in the thing, and agreed upon three, which might most easily be spared, viz. Mr. Phillips of Watertown, Mr. Thompson2 of Braintree, and Mr. Miller of Rowley, (these churches having each of them two ministers,) which the General Court approved of, and ordered that the Governor should commend them, by his letters, to the Governor and Council of Virginia. But Mr. Phillips not being willing to go, Mr. Knowles, his fellow laborer, and Mr. Thompson were sent away, with the consent of their churches, and departed on their way, on the 7th of October, 1642, to meet the vessel that should transport them at Narraganset; but Mr. Miller, because of his bodily weakness, did not accept the call. Both the churches were willing to dismiss their ministers to that work, and the Court likewise did allow and further it, for the advancement of the kingdom of the Lord Jesus, not fearing to part with such desirable persons, because they looked at it as seed sown, that might bring in a plentiful harvest. They did also account it as an honor, which God put upon his churches there, that other parts of the world should send to them for help in that kind; for about the same time letters were brought to them from Barbadoes, and other islands in those parts, entreating a supply also of ministers.

They that were sent to Virginia were long windbound at Rhode Island, and met with many other difficulties, so as they made it eleven weeks of a dangerous passage before they arrived there, but had this advantage in the way, that they took a third minister along with them, viz. Mr. James, (formerly the pastor of the church at

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