CORINTH. COOS. CORNWALL. The sur face of this township is generally very uneven and broken, and the elevations abrupt, yet the land is, in almost every part, susceptible of cultivation. The soil consists of a dark loam, mixed with a small portion of sand, is easily cultivated and is very productive. The land was originally timbered with hard wood except on the streams, where there was a mixture of hemlock, spruce and fir. There is nothing peculiar in its mineralogy. Small but handsome specimens of feldspar, garnet, serpentine, hornblend, mica and rock crystal have been found. The rocks are principally granite and mica slate. This township is well watered by Wait's river, which runs through the northeast part, and by several of its branches. On North branch, from Topsham, in the northeast corner of the town, is East village, containing 2 meeting houses, 2 stores, a post office, grist mill, &c. Another branch rises in Washington, passes through the south part of this town, and unites with Wait's river in the western part of Bradford. There are some other streams on which mills and other machinery are erected. There are in town 5 meeting houses, 21 school districts, 5 stores, &c. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 536; cattle, 3,401; sheep, 11,886; swine, 1,673; wheat, bu. 6,745; barley, 285; oats, 21,879; rye, 313; buck wheat, 1,096; Ind. corn, 10,506; potatoes, 71,845; hay, tons, 6,240; sugar, lbs, 33,585; wool, 20,343. Population, 1,970. year, Mr. John Aiken, of Wentworth, N. | died here, March 26, 1824, aged 101 H., erected the first grist mill, which years and seven months. went into operation the year following. Previous to this, the settlers had to go to Newbury, 12 miles, for their grinding. In 1780, several other families came in, and the town was organized. George Bondfield was first town clerk, David McKeen first constable, and Nehemiah Lovewell first representative. Some time, this year, Lieut. Elliot was stationed here with 20 men to defend the inhabitants against the Indians and tories, and built a small fort. In 1781, Col. Wait and Major Kingsbury, with two companies of soldiers, under Captains Sealy and Nelson, built a fort near the centre of the town, on what is called Cook's hill, and made this their head quarters. October 16, of this year, five men, from this fort, viz: Moses Warner, John Barret, John Sargeant, Jonathan Luce and Daniel Hovey, being on a scout, and proceeding down Winooski river, were fired upon in the township of Jericho by a party of 16 tories. Warner, Sargeant and Barret were wounded, the latter mortally. He lived about 40 hours and was buried near the margin of Winooski river in Colchester. The others were carried to Quebec, and kept till the next spring when they were suffered to return. In 1782, a British scouting party from Canada, about 20 in number, under Major Breakenridge, after annoying the settlers of Newbury, killing one man and taking another prisoner, proceeded to Corinth, where they compelled the settlers to take the oath of allegiance to the British king. The religious denominations are Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, Freewill Baptists and Universalists. There are two Freewill Baptist churches; that in the northwest part was organized in 1865, and that CORNWALL, a township in the central in the south in 1807. The Congrega- part of Addison county, is in lat. 43° 57' tional church was organized Oct. 10, 1820. and long. 3o 50', and is bounded north by Jan. 25, 1821, they settled the Rev. Cal- Weybridge, east by Middlebury and Salisvin Y. Chase, who died here in 1831. bury, south by Whiting and west by BridThe Rev. Stilman Morgan, was settled in port and Shoreham. It was chartered 1832, and continued till 1836. In 1838 November 3, 1761, to Elias Read and his the Rev. Solon Martin, their present associates. It is 75 miles north of Benminister, was settled. The Congrega- nington, and 36 south of Burlington. The tional meeting house was built in1800, as settlement was commenced in 1774, by was that of the Freewill Baptists, in the Asa Blodget, Eldad Andrus, Aaron Scott, northwest part of the town. The Free- Nathan Foot, William Douglass, James will Baptist house in the south part, was Bentley, James Bentley, junior, Ebenezer built in 1837. The Methodist house in Stebbins, Thomas Bentley, Samuel Blodthe west part, was built in 1838, and that get and Joseph Troup. When Ticonde in the east in 1840. In 1804, the canker roga was abandoned to the British in 1777 and dysentery were fatal here to a great the settlers all fled to the south, and did number of persons, mostly children, and not return till after the war. In the winmany families lost from one to three of ter of 1784, about 30 families came into their number. Mrs. Jane Brown, a native the township from Connecticut. The of Ireland, and relict of Mr. S. Brown, town was organized in March of this Coos, an Indian word, signifying at the pines. This name was applied by the Indians to two sections of Connecticut river, one below, and the other above the 15 mile falls. See part second, page 205. 1 60 COVENTRY. som GAZETTEER OF VERMONT. COVENTRY GORE. CRAFTSBURY It COVENTRY GORE, a tract of 2000 acres year, and Joel Linsley was the first town clerk, and Hiland Hall the first representative. The Congregational church, in this town, was organized July 15, 1785, and September 26, 1787, they settled the Rev. was dismissed Thomas Tolman, who November 11, 1790. The Rev. Benjamin CRAFTSBURY, a post town in Orleans Wooster was ordained over this church February 23, 1797, and dismissed Janua- county, lat. 44° 39' and long. 4° 32', six ry 7, 1802. The Rev. Jedediah Bushnell miles square, and is bounded on the north was installed May 25, 1803, and this year, by Albany, east by Greensborough, south their meetinghouse was erected. He was by Wolcott, and west by Eden. It is dismissed May 25, 1836, and was succeed- situated twenty-five miles south from ed by the Rev. Lamson Miner, who was Canada line, and about the same distance settled January 3, 1837, who has since northerly from Montpelier, and is nearly been succeeded by the Rev. Jacob Scales at equal distances from Connecticut river the present pastor. This church'consists on the east, and lake Champlain on the It was granted Nov. 6, 1780, to of about 350 members. In 1841, a Free west. church was organized from the Congrega- Timothy Newell, Ebenezer Crafts, and tional and Baptist churches, which is their associates, and chartered by the under the care of the Rev. Wm. B. Ran-name of Minden, Aug. 23, 1781. The There is a Methodist church in the first settlement in the town was comwest part of the town who have a neat menced in the summer of 1788, by Col. chapel. There is a literary debating so- Ebenezer Crafts, who during that sumciety which was incorporated in 1832. It mer opened a road from Cabot, eighteen has a good hall for its weekly meetings miles, cleared ten or twelve acres of land, and a choice library of about 450 volumes. built a house and saw mill, and made conElder Henry Green was settled over the siderable preparation for a grist mill. In Baptist church and society, in 1809, and the spring of 1789, Nathan Cutler and dismissed February 28, 1824. The Bap- Robert Trumbell moved their families tist meeting house was erected in 1807. into this township. In the ensuing fall One person has died, in this town, aged Mr. Trumbell, by reason of the sickness 106 years, and several have lived to be up- of his family, spent the ensuing winter in wards of 90. This is a very handsome Barnet, but Mr. Cutler's family remained township of land, and the surface is gen- through the winter. Their nearest neigh erally level. Lemonfair river crosses the bors were Ashbel Shepard's family, in northwest corner, and Otter creek wash- Greensborough, distant six miles; there es a part of the eastern boundary. This were at that time no other settlements township, by charter, comprehended that within the present bounds of Orleans part of Middlebury, which lies west of county. In Nov. 1790 the name of the Otter creek, including the mill privi- town was altered to Craftsbury. In Feb. leges on the west side of the creek at Mid- 1791, Col. Crafts, having previously erect dlebury falls. In the south part of the ed a grist mill, and made considerable adtown is a quarry of excellent dark blue ditions to his improvements, together with lime stone from which the materal for the John Corey, Benjamin Jennings, Daniel front of the new college in Middlebury was Mason, John Babcock, and Mills Merriobtained, and near the centre of the town field, removed their families from Stur. After arriving at Cabot is a bed of hydraulic cement, or water bridge, Mass. lime. Calcareous spar, in very beauti- they found it impossible to proceed any ful, transparent, rhomboidal crystals, is further with their teams, on account of found in the western part of this township. the great depth of the snow, being about Along Otter creek, in the southeast part, four feet deep. They were obliged to is a large swamp covering several thou- provide themselves with snow-shoes, and sand acres. There are here 2 saw mills, to draw the female part of their families 3 stores, 1 tavern, 2 tanneries and 1 marble on hand sleds, a distance of eighteen shop. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 318; miles. cattle, 3,059; sheep, 24,561; swine, 824; wheat, bus. 2,436; oats, 9,021; rye, 874; buck wheat, 690; Indian corn, 7,288; potatoes, 24,307; hay, tons, 8,751; sugar, Population lbs. 11,000; wool 60,897. 1163. COVENTRY, name altered to Orleans, These settlers were soon after followed by several other families from Sturbridge and other towns in Worcester county. In March, 1792, the town was organized, and Samuel C. Crafts was the first town clerk, and was annually chosen to that office until March, 1829, when Joseph Scott, (then jun.) was elected, and continues to hold said office. The CRAFTSBURY. town was first represented in the general assembly by Ebenezer Crafts, in 1792. In 1797, a Congregational church was organized, and the Rev. Samuel Collins was installed, and continued to preach in this town until 1804, when he died. From 1804 to 1822 the town was without a settled minister, in which last mentioned year the Rev. William A. Chapin was ordained pastor of the Congregational society; which office he held for about twelve years, and then took a dismission. The Rev. Samuel R. Hall is at present pastor of the Congregational church and society, he was installed into that office in 1841. There has for many years past been a very considerable society of Methodists in Craftsbury, the Rev. Joseph C. Aspenwall has at present the charge of the society. There is also a society of Reformed Presbyterians, or Covenanters, over which the Rev. Samuel Wilson has been ordained. There are some Baptists, and several Universalists, which are only occasionally supplied with preaching.— The professional men, besides the above named, are James A. Paddock and Nathan S. Hill, attornies, Daniel Dustin, Ephraim Brewster and Daniel Bates, physicians. This township is well watered by Black river which is formed here, and by its several branches, which afford numerous mill privileges. Black river was known to the natives, who occasionally resided in this part of Vermont, by the name of Elligo-sigo. Its current is in general slow, the whole descent from Elligo pond to Memphremagog lake, including the falls at Irasburgh and Coventry, being by actual survey only 190 feet. Wild branch a tributary of Lamoille, rises in Eden and passes through the western part of this township. There are five natural ponds, viz: Elligo, (see Elligo,) lying partly in Greensborough, Great Hosmer, lying partly in Albany, Little Hosmer, and two smaller ponds. The geology of this town is in many respects interesting, and, in some, peculiar. Few areas of the same space, in a region of primary rocks, furnish so many varieties in situ. In the eastern borders, granite appears, then gneiss, then mica slate; and these in the central portions are displaced by argillaceous slate of a very dark or plumbago color, alternating with silicious lime stone. The rocks on the west side of Black river are hardly more uniform; strata of mica slate, agillaceous and chlorite slates, and limestone, give place to each other in rapid succession. Near the south village is an extensive body of gray granite, very much broken on the surface. This rock is filled with nodules of black mica and CRAFTSBURY, quartz, in concentric lamina. These are about the size of butternuts, and, in many of the specimens, are so numerous that a hundred may be counted within a circle of two feet in diameter. In some parts of the ledge these nodules are very much flattened, as if subjected to an immense vertical pressure when the mass was in a semi-fluid state. A rock similar to this, it is believed, has not been found in any other place in this country or Europe. Near the centre of the township, on an elevated plain, affording an extensive prospect, is situated the centre village, containing over thirty dwelling houses, two meeting houses, a town house, an academy, school house, two taverns, two dry goods and one hardware store, two cabinet makers', two saddlers', two blacksmith's, one tin maker's, and one hatter's shop, and one tannery. This village is principally situated round an open square, forty rods north and south, by twentyfour rods east and west. Craftsbury academy is located here; was incorporated in October, 1829, and has the avails of one half of the grammar school lands in Orleans county, being about two thousand six hundred acres, about half of which is leased. The building is of brick, two stories high, and is pleasantly situated on the west side of the common. It is the object of the trustees and instructers to render it a place of thorough education to those who resort to it. The institution embraces three departments. The c assical, is designed for those who are fitting for college; the teachers, for those who are qualifying to become instructers; and the general, for those who wish to qualify themselves for business in the various pursuits of life. The apparatus is extensive, including a galvanic battery, elec. tro magnetic apparatus, air pump, electrical machine, telescope, double and single microscopes, globes, chemical apparatus, &c., together with a very extensive cabinet of minerals, shells and marine productions; and a museum of curiosities in other departments of natural history and the arts. The collection of ancient coins contains specimens from the Catacombs of Egypt and Herculaneum, besides numerous other interesting varieties. The institution is under the superintendence of the Rev. S. R. Hall. There is another village situated on Trout brook, a large branch of Black river, a mile and a half from the centre village, containing about twenty dwelling houses, two saw mills, an oil mill, a fulling mill, a carding machine, a earriage maker, a blacksmith and a chairmaker's shop, one store and a tavern. There are three meeting houses in the town, two in the centre village, and one in the easterly part. There are twelve school districts, and ten school houses. There are also within the limits of the township, two grist mills, one hulling mill, one oil mill, ten saw mills, two fulling mills, two carding machines, and three carriage maker's shops. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 333; cattle, 1,718; sheep, 3,166; swine, 658; wheat, bu. 1,730; barley, 1,049; oats, 14,398; rye, 167; buck wheat, 830; In. corn, 1,923; potatoes, 47,906; hay, tons, 3,171; sugar, lbs. 35,412; wool, 7,980. Population, 1,151. DANVILLE. Otter Universalists, who own jointly 3 meeting CUMBERLAND COUNTY.-This county was erected by an act of the legislature of New York, passed July 3, 1766. This act was annulled by the crown June 26, 1767, and repassed by New York Feb. 20, 1768, and chartered on the 17th of March following. By the charter, this county was bounded as follows; beginning in Massachusetts north line on the west bank of Connecticut river and running W. 10° N. about 26 miles to the southeast corner of Stamford; thence N. 13° E. 56 miles to the south east corner of Socialborough; thence N. 53' E., 30 miles to the south corner of Tunbridge; thence along the south line of Tunbridge, Strafford and Thetford to Connecticut river and down said river to the place of beginning. The county seat was first at Chester and afterwards at Westminster. The original charter of this county, elegantly written on parchment, was presented to the University of Vermont in 1840, by Udney H. Peninan, Esq. of Colchester and is preserv-east part, and in the east village are three ed in the library of the University. After the organization of the state government this county retained the name till Feb. 11, 1779 when it was changed to Windham. DANBY, a post town in the south part of Rutland county, is in lat. 43° 21' and long. 4° 1', and is bounded north by Tinmouth, east by Mount Tabor, south by Dorset and west by Pawlet. It is 34 miles north from Bennington, and 18 south from Rutland. It was chartered August 27, 1761, and contains about 39 The settlement of this square miles. township was commenced in 1765, by Joseph Soper, Joseph Earl, Crispin Bull, Luther Calvin, and Micah Vail. The town was organized March 14, 1769, and Thomas Rowley was first town clerk and first representative. There is here a so-northeast from Montpelier. ciety of Friends or Quakers, who have a meeting house in the east part of the Orthodox town, and another called Friends, or separatists, who have one in the north part. There is also a society of Methodists, one of Baptists, and one of mills for sawing marble. The town is divided into 13 school districts. There are two grist mills, five saw mills, five stores, two taverns, two tanneries, and one trip hammer. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 355; cattle, 3,366; sheep, 8,950; swine, 689; wheat, bu. 2,217; barley, 65; oats, 6,094; rye, 110; wheat, b. 256; In. corn, 4,267 ; potatoes, 47,563; hay, tons, 5,378; sugar, lbs. 35,715; wool, 25,433. Population, 1379. DANVILLE, a post town and the shire town of Caledonia county, is in lat. 44° 26' and long. 4° 51', and is bounded north by Wheelock, northeast by St. Johnsbury, southeast by Barnet, south by Peacham, and west by Walden, Goshen Gore, and a part of Cabot. It is 28 miles east This town ship was granted October 27, 1786, and chartered to Jacob Bailey, Jesse Leaven worth and others, October 31, 1786. Some difficulty having arisen respecting the lands, the proprietors took out a new, or quieting charter. October 29, 1792, Wal DANVILLE. DEERFIELD RIVER. DERBY. north part of the town are Sleeper's river and the Branch, on which are 5 grist and saw mills. Large quantities of butter, pork and wool, are here produced for market. Danville village is very pleasantly situated nearly in the centre of the township, on elevated land and in the midst of a beautiful farming country, and contains 600 inhabitants. The public buildings are, a Congregational, a Methodist and a Baptist meeting house, a court house and jail, and an academy, all in a neat and modest style. The village encloses an open square of several acres. The academy was incorporated in 1840, and named Philips academy, in honor of Paul D. Philips, who endowed it with $4,000. The building was erected by the inhabitants and cost $4,000. A weekly paper, called the "North Star," has been published in this village by Ebenezer Eaton, for 35 years. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 722; cattle,3,403; sheep, 14,982; swine, 2,264; wheat, bu. 6,355; barley, 1,304; oats, 41,198; rye, 27; Ind. corn, 5,883; potatoes, 160,062; hay, tons, 8,311; sugar, lbs. 62,467; wool, 26,834. Pop. 2633. den gore was annexed to this township, and since that time, one half of Deweysburgh, the other half being annexed to Peacham, so that it now contains about 50 square miles. Sargeant Morrill commenced chopping in this town in 1784. In 1765, or '6, the settlement was commenced by about 50 emigrants from New Hampshire and Massachusetts, who entered on the lands as "squatters." In October, 1786, the legislature granted the township, as above stated, reserving to the settlers the lands on which they had located, not exceeding 320 acres each. In the following winter 40 families more joined the settlement, and for two or three years the settlement was so rapid that, in 1789, the number of families was estimated to be 200. The consequence of such an influx, was an extreme scarcity, and much suffering for the want of provisions. The first mills in this town were a saw and grist mill, erected in 1787, by David Whitcher. The same year, March 20, the town was organized. Abraham Morrill was the first town clerk and the first representative. In 1790, improvements had been commenced on nearly all the lots in town. The religious societies are Methodists, Congregationalists and Baptists, each of which has a commodious house of worship, situated in the village. The Congregational church was organized August 9, 1792, and has had the services of the following ministers. The Rev. John Fitch, from October 30, 1793, to October 1, 1816; Rev. Jeremiah Flint, from July 31, 1817, to March, 1818; Rev. Edward Hollister, from March 26, 1823, to May 7, 1826; Rev. E. J. Boardman, from January 3, 1827, to October 29, 1833; and Rev. David A. Jones, from March 25, 1835, to April, 1839. The Rev. R. C. DERBY, a post town in the northeast Hand is the present minister of this part of Orleans county, is in lat. 44° 58' church. The eastern part of this town- and long. 4° 50', and is bounded north by ship is elevated about 200 and the western Stanstead, in Canada, east by Holland, about 800 feet above Connecticut river. south by Salem, and west by MemphreThe soil is free from stone, is easily culti-magog lake which separates it from Newvated, and is perhaps equal, in richness and adaptation to agriculture, to any in the state. It is watered by numerous streams of pure water, which arise in the higher lands of Wheelock, Walden and Cabot. Joe's pond lies mostly in the western part of the township and covers about 1000 acres. It discharges its waters into the Passumpsic by Merritt's river, or Joe's brook. At its outlet a large never failing sheet of water falls over a limestone ledge, 75 feet in 12 rods. Here are grist, saw, clapboard and shin-country, but no peculiar circumstances gle mills. Below these, on this stream, are known to have attended it. are here, two woollen factories, two grist grants from Connecticut and other places mills, and several saw mills. In the soon made it a flourishing town. DEERFIELD RIVER, rises in the north part of Stratton, and runs south through Somerset into Searsburgh, thence southeast into Wilmington, thence southwesterly through the corner of Whitingham, and leaves the state after running three or four miles on the line between Whitingham and Readsborough. After entering Massachusetts, it takes a southeasterly course and falls into Connecticut river, between Greenfield and Deerfield, about 18 miles below the south line of Vermont. It runs about 28 miles in Vermont, and waters about 320 square miles. Its whole length is about 50 miles port. It extends 7 miles on Canada line, and 5 miles and 7 chains on Holland line, and is 52 miles northeasterly from Montpelier. It was chartered to Timothy Andrus and his associates, Oct. 29, 1779, containing 23,040 acres. The first settlement was made here in 1795, by Alexander Mogoon, Henry Burrel, and the Hon. Timothy Hinman. Much praise is due to the latter for his persevering industry in making roads and furnishing other facilities for the settlement of the Emi It was |