CHITTENDEN.

CHITTENDEN COUNTY.-CLYDE RIVER.

CLARENDON.

This stream runs through Round pond in Charleston and through Salem lake, a beautiful sheet of water, near two miles in length and one in width, lying partly in Salem and partly in Derby. It waters about 150 square miles.

unequal depths below the surface, and about 300 tons, worth $35 per ton in New York, are annually sent to market. A furnace was erected in this town as early as 1792, by a Mr. Keith of Boston. In 1839, a forge was erected which makes about 500 lbs., of bar iron per day. The CLARENDON, a post town in the central town contains 6 school districts, 6 saw part of Rutland county, is in lat. 43° 31' mills, each sawing yearly 100,000 feet of and long. 4° 6', and is bounded north by boards, one store and a post office, the Rutland, east by Shrewsbury, south by two latter established in 1841. Statistics Tinmouth and Wallingford, and west of 1840.-Horses, 126; cattle, 481; sheep, by Ira. It is 55 miles S. from Montpelier, 4,326; swine, 287; wheat bus., 1,115; and 46 N. from Bennington, and was barley, 5; oats, 5,032; rye, 262; buck chartered September 5, 1761. It was wheat, 345; Indian corn, 2,379; potatoes, granted both by N. H. and New York,. 16,830; hay, tons, 1,970; sugar, lbs. 11,- and comprehends a part of the two grants 790; wool, 9,202. Population, 644. of Socialborough and Durham. The CHITTENDEN COUNTY, is bounded north settlement was commenced in 1768 by by Franklin and Lamoille county, east by Elkanah Cook who was joined the same Lamoille and Washington county, south year by Randal Rice, Benjamin Johns and by Addison county and west by lake others. The first settlers were mostly Champlain. It lies between 44° 7' and from Rhode-Island, and purchased their 44° 42' N. lat. and 3° 41' and 4° 14' east lands of Col. Lideus, who claimed them long. Its extent from north to south is under a title derived from the Indians. 30 miles, and from east to west 22 miles, This title was however, never confirmed covering about 500 square miles. It was by either of the colonial governments, incorporated October 22, 1782. A few and the diversity of claimants occasioned settlements were commenced in this much litigation, which continued till county before the revolution, but they 1785, when the legislature passed what were all abandoned during the war. Win-was called the quieting act. By it the ooski river runs through the middle of the settlers were put in peaceable possession county and falls into lake Champlain be- of their land, and the New Hampshire tween Burlington and Colchester. The title to the lands not settled, was conriver Lamoille runs across the northwest firmed. In consequence of these procorner, and Laplott river and some other ceedings there are no public rights in streams water the south part. This coun- town. The first town meeting on record ty, except along the lake shore, where it was in 1778, and Stephen Arnold was is generally level, is uneven, but not this year town clerk, and Abner Lewis, mountainous. The soil is various, being representative. Elder Isaac Beals of the in some places pine plain, and light and Baptist order was the first settled minis sandy; in others a rich loam, and in others ter. The Congregational church was a deep alluvion. The flats on the Wi- gathered here Feb. 1822 by the Rev. Hennooski river are equal to any in the state. ry Hunter, who was installed over the Burlington is the seat of justice and the same on the 6th of November following principal town in the county. The su- and continued six years. The church at preme court sits here on the Monday pre-first consisted of 12 members; the present ceding the first Tuesday of January; the county court on the 4th Tuesday of May and November. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 4,231; cattle, 24,142; sheep, 110,774; swine, 25,310; wheat, bus., 29,502; barley 1,305; oats, 131,799; rye, 31,570; buck wheat, 11,575; Indian corn, 119,087; potatoes, 522,792; hay, tons, 56,357; sugar, lbs. 177,343; wool, 215,019. Population, 22,978.

number is 70. Otter creek runs through this town from south to north, a little east of the centre, and receives here Mill river and Cold river from the east, which affords numerous sites for mills and other machinery. Mill river rises in MountHolly, runs nearly on the line between this town and Wallingford, receiving from the latter the waters of a considerable pond, crosses the southwest corner of CLYDE RIVER, has its source in Pitkin's Shrewsbury and falls into Otter creek near and Knowlton's ponds, in the northeast the south part of Clarendon. Cold river part of Brighton, and runs a north wester- rises in Parkerstown, crosses the northly course through Brighton, Charleston, west corner of Shrewsbury and enters OtSalem and Derby, to lake Memphrema- ter creek near the north part of Clarengog. Excepting a few short rapids, this don. Furnace brook, called also Little is a dead, still river, until it comes with-West river, rises from a small pond in the in three miles of lake Memphremagog. south part of Tinmouth and runs north,

COIT'S GORE.

COLCHESTER,

parallel to Otter creek, through the west | ton, and west by lake Champlain. It is part of the town and falls into Otter creek near the centre of Rutland. Near the north line of Clarendon it receives Ira brook from Ira. Near Furnace brook are situated the Clarendon springs, an account of which has been given in part first, page 7. Their situation in relation to the stream, boarding houses, road &c., may be seen by the following diagram.

116 miles north from Bennington, and 36 miles northwest from Montpelier. It was chartered June 7th, 1763, with its present name; but from the fact that among the grantees there were ten by the name of Burling, it is supposed Burlington was the name originally intended for this town,but through some mistake was given to the town adjoining it on the south. The settlement of this town was commenced in 1774, at the lower falls on Winooski or Onion river, by Ira Allen and Remember Baker. Baker's family,consisting of a wife and three children, was the first in town.* In 1775, Joshua Staunton began improvements on the intervale above the narrows in that river, and there was a small clearing made at Mallet's bay before the revolution. From the spring of 1776, the town was abandoned by the settlers till after the close of the war, in 1783, when Messrs. McClain, Low and Boardman, settled on Colchester Point, and General Allen returned and renewed the settlement at the falls. Allen erected mills, a forge and a shop for fabricating anchors, and the place soon assumed the appearance of a considerable village. The town was organized about the year 1791, and Ira Allen was first town clerk. It was first represented in 1793, by Joshua Staunton. The religious denominations are Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists. The Congregational church was gathered in 1805, but have never had a settled pastor, and for a great portion of the time been destitute of regular preaching.

8.

The Baptist church was organized in 1816. Phineas Culver was settled over this church in 1820, and remained the nominal pastor till 1832. They were without a settled pastor from that time till this year when Columbus Green was

ordained over it. These two churches erected a commodious brick meeting

The east part of the town borders on the Green Mountains, but the principal elevations are the range of hills between Otter creek and Furnace brook, and between the latter and Ira brook on the west line of the town. The alluvial flats on Otter creek are from half to a mile wide through the town and are very productive. The uplands are a gravelly loam. Clarendon cave is situated in the westerly part of the town, and has already been described in part first, page Very good marble is found here and is wrought to some extent. There are two small villages, one in the eastern and the other in the western part, with a post officely been supplied with preaching and have at each and at Clarendon springs. There erected a convenient brick chapel. There are in town 3 grist mills, 4 saw mills, 5 stores, &c. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 337; cattle, 2,047; sheep, 15,922; swine, 1,015; wheat, bus., 1,663; oats, 9,358; rye, 1,385; buck wheat, 45; Indian corn, for public worship, all of brick. The on10,936; potatoes, 44,601; hay, tons, 5ly other public building is the town house. 415; sugar, lbs., 24,950; wool, 40,984. Population, 1,549.

house in 1838, which they now occupy in common. The Methodists have general

is, also, an organized Congregational church at Winooski village, which erected in 1839, a commodious house of

worship. Thus in the space of three years were built in this town three good houses

A public library was commenced in 1832,

and now contains about 300 volumes. There are two small ponds in this town.

CoIT'S GORE. Sce Waterville. COLCHESTER, a post town in Chittenden county, is in lat. 44° 33' and in long. 3°59', and is bounded north by Milton,east by Essex, south by Winooski river, which separates it from Burlington and Willis-Thomas Butterfield.

*See part second, page 31. After Baker's death in the fall of 1775, his family remained at the block house in Colchester, till the place was abandoned the following spring. The widow afterwards marri

COLCHESTER.

CONCORD.

The largest contains about 60 acres. On | 306; oats, 9,856; rye, 5,973; b'k wheat, the outlet to this pond are still seen the 1,202; Ind. corn, 10,343; potatoes, 36,remains of beavers' works. The princi- 324; hay, tons, 3,401; sugar, lbs. 1,900; pal streams of this town are, the river La-wool, 11,375. Population, 1739. moille which runs from Milton through the northwest corner into lake Champlain; Mallets creek which also comes from Milton and empties into Mallets bay; Indian creek which runs into Mallets creek; and Winooski river on the south. The soil in the north and northwestern parts is a variety of gravel and loam, and is well adapted to grazing, though Indian corn, the English grains and the common culinary roots are successfully cultivated. The timber in these parts is principally white pine, beech, maple, birch, basswood, ash, elm, oak, walnut, butternut and some chestnut. In the middle part of the town is a large tract of pine plain, mostly covered with pitch pine and small oaks, and seems more particularly adapted to the raising of rye and corn. On the bank of the Winooski river, are large tracts of intervale. Besides the ordinary methods of enriching the soil, plaister of Paris has been used in this town with great success. The rocks in the northern and eastern parts are mostly composed of lime and slate with occasional bolders of granite; red sand stone is found in abundance near Mallets bay. Iron ore has been found in small quantities in the western part of the town, and sulphate of iron is found in the northeastern part. About the year 1812, or 13, the dysentery prevailed here extensively, and in the early settlements there were frequent cases of the fever and ague, but the town has generally been very healthy. There have been two individuals in this town who have lived to be upwards of 100 years old, and two others who have lived to be above 90.

CONCORD, a post town in the southern extremity of Essex county, situated in lat. 44° 25' and long. 5° 8', containing about 47 square miles. It is bounded northwesterly by Kirby and Bradleyvale, northeasterly by Lunenburgh, southeasterly by Connecticut river, and southwesterly by Waterford, lying opposite to Littleton, in New Hampshire. It was granted Nov. 7, 1780, and chartered September 15, 1781, to Reuben Jones and his associates. The first settlement of Concord was commenced in 1788, by Joseph Ball. Among the settlers, who came into town previous to the year 1794, may be mentioned Amos Underwood, Solomon Babcock, Daniel Gregory, Benjamin Streeter, Jonathan and Jesse Woodbury and Levi Ball. In 1795, when John Fry came into town, there were 17 families here. The first settlers were principally from Westboro' and Royalston, Mass. John, son of Joseph Ball, was born in 1789, and was the first child born in town. The first town meeting was held and the town organized March 3, 1794. Elijah Spafford was first town clerk. At this meeting 14 persons took the freeman's oath. There are a Congregational, a Freewill Baptist and a Methodist church, in this town. The Congregational church was organized January 7, 1807, and then consisted of 17 members. The Rev. Samuel Godard was ordained over it Sept. 7, 1809, and dismissed June 6, 1821. The Rev. Samuel R. Hall was ordained March 4, 1823, and continued till August, 1830. The Rev. Solon Martin was ordained June 7, 1835, and dismissed Oct. 1, 1838. The FreeWinooski village is situated at Winoos- will Baptist church was formed Oct. 10, ki lower falls, being partly in this town 1821, and the Methodist church in May, and partly in Burlington, and 14 miles 1822. Concord academy was incorporafrom Burlington village. The water pow- ted here November, 1823, and was for 6 er here is sufficient for almost any amount or 7 years, while under the charge of the of machinery. The village has suffered Rev. S. R. Hall, a very flourishing instivery severely by fire. On the 21st of tution. Hall's pond, lying near the cenDec. 1838, an extensive block factory, a tre of the town, is about a mile long and large satinet factory, a paper mill, and on an average 100 rods wide. Miles' saw mill were consumed in one conflagra- pond is about the same size, and lies near tion. There are at present in this village, the northeast corner of the town. This on the Colchester side of the river, a hand- town is watered by Moose river, which some meeting house, two stores, two tav- passes through the northwest part, by erns, a saw mill, machine shop, sash fac- Connecticut river, on the south, and by tory, and an extensive woollen factory for several small streams. The surface of the manufacture of broad cloths. A sub- the town is uneven, and in the northeas stantial covered bridge connects the two tern parts, very stoney. It is an excelparts of the village. The town is divided lent grazing township, and has some good into 9 school districts. Statistics of 1840.-tillage land. The town contains two Horses, 229; cattle, 1,667; sheep, 5,953; stores, a meeting house and several mills. swine, 1,169; wheat, bu. 1,903; barley, Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 329; cattle,

CONNECTICUT RIVER.

1,837; sheep, 3,880; swine, 812; wheat, bu. 3,579; barley, 308; oats, 13,150; rye, 469; b'k wheat, 614; Ind. corn, 1,906; potatoes, 48,885; hay, tons, 3,609; sugar, lbs. 19,090; wool, 6,218. Pop. 1024.

CONNECTICUT RIVER lies between Vermont and New Hampshire, and belongs wholly to the latter. * Its name is from the Indian words Quonnec or Unnec, signifying long, and Tucque or Tuck, signifying river. When the Indians spoke of any thing happening at this river they used the expression Quonnec tucquok, or Unnectuckok, meaning at the long river; and hence comes Connecticut. This river originates among the mountains in the north part of New Hampshire, and, for some distance, forms the boundary between that state and Canada. After running between New Hampshire and Vermont, it passes through Massachusetts and Connecticut, and falls into Long Island Sound. The breadth of this river, when it first washes Vermont, is about 150 feet, and, in the course of 60 miles, increases to 390 feet. In Massachusetts and Connecticut its breadth may be esti mated from 450 to 1050 feet. The depth of the river, below the head of boat navigation, may be stated to vary from five to twelve feet. This river is navigable for vessels drawing ten feet of water, 36 miles, to Middletown; for small sloops, 50 miles to Hartford; and by means of canals and other improvements, it has been rendered passable for boats to the Fifteen Mile Falls, 250 miles further. There are, in this river, many rapids. The most considerable are Bellows' Falls, between Rockingham and Walpole, N. H., (see Rockingham,) Ottà Quechee Falls, just below the mouth of Otta. Quechee river, White River Falls, just above the mouth of White river, and the Fifteen Mile Falls, which extend from Barnet to Lunenburgh. The perpendicular height of the falls, which have been made passable by dams and locks, between Springfield, Mass. and Hanover, N. H. a distance

CORINTH.

of 130 miles, is about 200 feet. * There are in the river, several bars of sand, over which boats pass with difficulty in low water. At such times a bar between Deerfield and Montague, Mass., renders the river fordable. Connecticut river receives from Vermont, beginning at the north, Nulhegan, Passumpsic, Wells, Wait's, Ompomponoosuc, White, Ottà Quechee, Black, William's, Saxton's and West rivers; and from New Hampshire, Upper and Lower Amonoosuc, Israel's, John's, Mascomy, Sugar, Cold, and Ashuelot rivers. Between Vermont and New Hampshire this river is crossed by about 20 bridges. The flats, along the river, are, in some places, low and extensive; in others, the banks are high and rocky. The intervales are not surpassed in fertility and beauty by any in the United States. In spring, the river usually overflows its banks through a distance of 300 miles. The scenery, along this Nile of New England, is variegated by a succession of neat and pleasant villages, and is charming beyond description.

CORINTH, a post town six miles square in the central part of Orange county, is in lat. 44° 2' and long. 4° 42', and is bounded northerly by Topsham, easterly by Bradford, southerly by Vershire and westerly by Washington. It lies 21 miles southeast from Montpelier, 12 westerly from Haverhill, N. H. and 41 north from Windsor. It was chartered by New Hampshire, Feb. 4, 1764, to Messrs. Ward, Taplin, and others. A confirmation grant was, afterwards procured from New York, by Henry Moore and others. In the spring of 1777, previous to the settlement of the town, Ezekiel Colby, John Nutting and John Armand, spent several weeks here in manufacturing maple sugar. They started together from Newbury, with each a five pail kettle on his head, and with this load they travelled, by a pocket compass, 12 miles through the wilderness to the place of destination near the centre of the township. This year, Mr. Colby moved his family into Corinth, which Preparatory to granting the townships along was the first family in town. The next Connecticut river, Joseph Blanchard, under a commission from the governor of New Hampshire, in year, 1778, Mr. Nutting moved his family March, 1760, made a survey of that river upon the here, and Mrs. Colby was delivered of a ice, from Charlestown, N. H. to the lower Coos, and son, Henry, the first child born in town. the next year the survey was continued by Hugh-In 1779, Messrs. Edmund Brown, Samuel bartes Neel, to the upper Coos, In this survey monuments were placed upon the banks of the river, once in the distance of 6 miles in a right line, to mark the corners of the river towns, which were to be surveyed afterwards. A plan of this survey was kept in the land office at Portsmouth, and from it the Courses and distances were taken by Gov. Wentworth,in making out the charters of townships along the river. These facts, together with a full account of the surveys, and the troubles arising from conficting claims, and which we are obliged for the want of room to omit, were furnished by J. McDuffee, Esq.

Norris, Jacob Fowler and Bracket Towle, moved their families here, and the same

*The total fall of Connecticut river, from lake Connecticut to the head of McIndoes falls in Barnet, 92 1-2 miles, is 1140 feet; and from the latter place to tide water, at Hartford, Conn. the fall is 449 feet.

†The first bridge over the Connecticut was buil in 1785, at Bellows Falls, by Col. Enoch Hale, The second was built at Windsor, and completed in Oct. 1796.-Graham.