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The center of population in 1899 was 7 miles south of the city of Habana, not far from the north coast and some distance north of the center of area of the province. It is drawn into this eccentric position by the weight of the great city of Habana, in which are more than half of the inhabitants of the province. In 1887 the center of population was 2 miles south and 3 miles east of its position in 1899. The center of area of this province is in Caribbean Sea, being drawn to this position by the Isle of Pines, which forms part of the province.

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The center of population in 1899 was 19 miles southeast of the city of Matanzas and 14 miles northwest of the center of area, being to this extent eccentric in position. The center of population in 1887 was in the same latitude as in 1899 and 1 mile farther west.

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The center of population in 1899 was 5 miles southwest of the city of Santa Clara and identical with its position in 1887, indicating that whatever had been the movements of population in the intervening years they had balanced one another. The center of area was 5 miles nearly southeast of the center of population.

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The center of population in 1899 was 10 miles northwest of the city of Puerto Principe, and it had since 1887 moved 3 miles in a southeasterly direction. The center of area was but 8 miles distant in a northwesterly direction from this center of population.

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The center of population was, in 1899, 29 miles northwest of the city of Santiago, having moved in the preceding twelve years 9 miles in a direction nearly west. The center of area was in nearly the same latitude, but 9 miles nearly east of this center of population.

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The center of population in 1899 was in Santa Clara province, 30 miles southwest of the city of Santa Clara and 8 miles northeast of Cienfuegos. In 1887 it was 24 miles northwest of its position in 1899, showing a net movement of the population in the twelve intervening years toward the southeast, represented by this 24 miles of movement. The center of area is 10 miles east-southeast of the city of Sancti Spiritus, at a distance of 76 miles east-southeast of the center of population in 1899 and 100 miles from the center in 1887.

DISTRIBUTION IN ALTITUDE.

By the aid of a sketch map prepared by Mr. Robert T. Hill it has been made possible to distribute the population in elevation above sea level, with the following results:

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Cuba had 57,613 more males than females, an excess equal to 3.6 per cent of the population. In this respect it agrees with nearly all countries which are receiving many immigrants, for immigrants to new

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countries or to countries of little industrial development are predominantly men. This excess of males in Cuba, therefore, which distinguishes it from neighboring West Indian islands like Jamaica, Porto Rico, and the Bahamas, is evidence that, as with the United States, immigration has been a large factor and emigration a small factor in the growth of its population.

The following table shows the total population and total males, together with the facts, by race, for the censuses selected as most trustworthy. Where the information has not been found the space has been left blank.

Table showing population and number of males at successive censuses.

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In the foregoing table the Chinese, in conformity with the practice of Spanish censuses, have been grouped with the whites. Where possible the de jure population has been given. Hence in 1887 the details by race being given only for the de facto population, do not sum to the de jure population given in the total column. From the preceding table the following table of percentages has been derived:

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The proportion of males in Cuba apparently reached its maximum about the middle of the century, when it was nearly the same as that of the Pacific coast States in 1890 (Washington, 62.3 per cent; Oregon, 58 per cent; California, 58 per cent). Since then it has gradually decreased until the proportional excess of males was in 1899 about the same as in several States bordering on the Upper Mississippi River (Wisconsin, 51.9 per cent; Iowa, 52 per cent; Illinois, 51.6 per cent). Among the whites the proportion of males reached its maxi24662-6

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