schedule for schools was furnished to the enumerators, of which the following is a copy:

Census of the island of Cuba, taken under the direction of the United States, 1899.

3. State whether the school is supported by public, private, or religious funds. 4. State whether pupils are day or boarding pupils. 5. Number of buildings composing the school, 6. Number of teachers: males, 7. Number of pupils in the school during the last school year:

-; females,

-; seating capacity,

9. Average daily attendance of pupils during the last school year, Tables LIII and LIV have been prepared from the facts reported on that schedule. But it must be borne in mind that the school system of Cuba, while always, according to American standards, imperfect, has suffered, along with all other institutions, from the war, and that its condition in 1899 was not fairly representative of its condition five or ten years earlier.

From Table LIV it appears that 85,009 pupils were reported on the school schedule as attending school. From Table XIX it appears that 87,935 children were reported as having attended school at some time during the twelve months preceding October 16, 1899. The difference between these two independent sources might be due to the fact that certain schools in existence at some time during the census year suspended before its close, and thus the attendants upon them appeared in one table, but not in the other. In the following table the results from the two sources are brought together by provinces:

In three provinces the school children reported on the population schedule were more numerous, and in the other three less numerous, than those reported on the school schedule. This negatives the hypothesis just stated as an explanation of the discrepancies, or at least shows that other influences cooperated to cause the differences. But whichever column is accepted as the more accurate the general results are not widely diverse.

Another check upon the accuracy of the work is found by comparing the number of persons occupied as teachers according to Table XXVI with those reported as school-teachers on the school schedule. The former reports 2,708 teachers of all sorts, the latter 2,665 schoolteachers. The other 43 might have been teachers not properly to be classed as school-teachers. But when the comparison is made for the separate sexes, it appears that on the occupation returns the male teachers were more numerous by 116, but the female teachers less numerous by 73, than on the school schedule. These results show no greater divergence than the experience of the United States would lead one to expect, and serve to strengthen a belief in the general care and accuracy with which the census of Cuba was taken.

Aside from the conclusions already drawn from the tables for education, school attendance, and literacy, the following inferences from Tables LIII and LIV seem warranted:

1. The reported seating capacity (114,735) was over one-third greater than the entire number of pupils (85,009).

2. The average attendance was only from two-thirds to three-fourths of the pupils enrolled, even after due allowance is made for the omissions on this point mentioned in the notes to the tables.

3. Of the schools, about one-half were public; the other half private or religious.

4. Private and religious schools were the main form in Habana province; public schools were the more usual type in Santa Clara.

5. The number of school buildings in Cuba and in each province slightly exceeded the reported number of schools. Apparently, 47 school buildings were not occupied by schools.

6. Of the school-teachers, about two-fifths were male and threefifths female.

7. Of the pupils, about one-fourth were pay pupils and three-fourths free pupils. But outside of Habana province only one-sixth were pay pupils and five-sixths were free pupils, while in that province nearly two-fifths were pay pupils and three-fifths free. The large proportion of private schools and pay pupils in Habana is probably due in part to the better economic condition of the capital.

8. The following table gives the proportion of each class of the ulation reported as in school:

pop

The low proportion of Chinese in school is, of course, due to the fact that they are nearly all in adult years. A few young persons, however, probably children of Chinese fathers and Cuban mothers, were returned as Chinese. That the proportion of whites. in school is higher than the proportion of colored is not surprising, but it is somewhat unexpected to find that the ratio of school enrollment to population among those of mixed blood is nearer to the white than to the colored ratio. In the analysis of the tables for school attendance it was shown (p. 151) that schools in the cities were far more adequate to the needs than in the country. It may be that the mixed population are more numerous in the cities. If so, this would be one element in explaining the higher ratio of school enrollment among the mixed. On making the computation from the figures in Table VI it appears that of the colored population outside the fourteen cities separately reported less than half (49.7 per cent) were returned as mixed, while of the colored population in those cities not far from three-fifths (57.1 per cent) were returned as mixed. Conclusions from a census inquiry regarding intermixture of blood between races must be stated with care or received with reserve, but it seems fair to hold that either the fact, or in all events the claim and appearance, of mixed blood is more general in Cuban cities than in the rural districts. If so, this fact would go far toward explaining the larger proportion of the mixed population in the public schools.

Besides the above there were omitted from the schedules the following data:

In Habana were 21 schools in which the number of pupils entered was not given. There were 14 schools in which the seating capacity was not stated. In these schools were entered 884 pupils.

In Matanzas were 14 schools, in which were entered 311 pupils, of which the average attendance was not given. There were also 2

schools in which apparently no pupils were entered.

In Pinar del Rio there was one school whose seating capacity was not given and 9 in which the average attendance was omitted. These 9 schools had 508 entered pupils.

In Puerto Principe were 3 schools in which the number of entered pupils was omitted, and 11 schools, with 255 pupils entered, whose average attendance was not stated.

In Santa Clara the returns were very deficient. There were 96 schools, with 4,891 pupils entered, in which the average attendance was omitted, and 2 schools in which there were no pupils entered.

In Santiago were 25 schools, with 903 entered pupils, whose average attendance was not given.