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"With regard to phlebotomy, however, it is generally found to be lefs neceflary in hot countries and feafons, than in the cold; and its benefit in putrid diftempers, is probably very limited, being proper only in the firft ftages of putrid fevers, dyfenteries, and malignant fevers caught by contagion and even then, if the patient fhould be of a fanguine, vigorous conftitution, with a full and ftrong pulie; from which circumftances the difeafe will appear more or lefs to partake of an inflammatory nature; even then in the two first diftempers, this operation is generally performed only once; and, in the laft, the quantity of blood taken away is very fmall.

"In ardent and putrid fevers, the accefs and increase of which are fudden, and attended with violent head-achs, immediately followed by ftrong deliriums, the lancet has been found indifpenfibly neceffary.

"In doubtful fymptoms, it is a good method to feel the pulfe whilft the vein is opened; and to regulate the quantity to be taken away by the variation in the force or feeblenefs of its vibrations.

"With regard to the timing of venefection, whether in the height, or in the remiffion of the paroxyfm, this feems kefs material, than the neceffary circumftance of bleeding very early in the difeafe..

"It muft, however, be acknowleged, that, upon the whole, the pernicious effects of bleeding in putrid fevers is attefted by a great number of the most celebrated Phyficians, as Hippocrates, Aretæus, Celfus, Alexander, Fernelius, De Gorter, Glafs, Bianchi, Junker, Huxham, and many others. Dr. Tiffot, particularly, has lately demonftrated this beyond all manner of doubt, not only from the authorities already mentioned, and thofe of fome eminent Writers befides, but principally from the experience of others, and his own, in many curious and convincing obfervations, fupported by the moft folid arguments: all this, I may affirm, perfectly agrees with my own uniform manner of treating the like fevers, which have occurred to me in the courfe of my practice. Dr. Pringle calls the hemorrhage in the dyfentery, a deceitful indication, if fuppofed to demand repeated bleedings: fince, on the contrary, he warns Practitioners against such a practice, and plainly fignifies, that if it be not used with great caution, it tends more to augment than to cure the difeafe,

Lastly,

"Laftly, It is accounted, in general, pernicious, to the highest degree, in malignant fevers, when arrived to their ftate, or fecond stage, and alfo in a confirmed fcurvy."

In fact, it is not improbable, that the common practice in thefe fevers and climates, has often very injudiciously encouraged profufe and unfeasonable bleeding.

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Dr. Monchy has justly a better opinion of vomits in fuch fevers, on the invafion of the disease; and thinks, that in cafe of confiderable coftivenefs, "the body fhould be carefully kept open; as the difcharge of bilious matter, or excrements, towards the laft ftage of the disease, is accounted a very promifing appearance." For this purpose he proposes manna and cream of tartar, but above all tamarinds, in fuch a quantity, as to preferve a moderate laxity of the belly. He joins in opinion with thofe phyficians who forbid the ufe of hot and ftrong fudorifics; but obferves, that a very free perfpiration feems the beft evacuation for fcorbutics. As to correctives, particularly with refpect to these laft patients, he recommends the vegetable acids, whether unermented, as forrel, orange and lemon juice, tamarinds, all kinds of fruits and acid efculents; or fermented, as Rhenifh or Mofelle wines, cyder, vinegar, or alegar, oxymel, tartar, and the cream of tartar, vinegar-whey, butter-milk acids from minerals, as spirit and elixir of vitriol, fpirit of fea-falt, of faltpetre, are likewife, he fays, paffionately coveted by fuch patients; and their falutary effects have been demonftrated by frequent experience, both in putrid fevers and in the fcurvy. Neverthele's (he adds) to thofe patients, whofe bowels are weak and tender, fuch remedies are to be adminiftered with caution." He juflly prefers, among many other correcting antiputref cents, (which he enumerates) the Peruvian bark, and orange juice.

On the article of Food, which may be fuppofed to answer to his third indication of corroborating-he thinks, "that in a malignant fever which has continued fome time, the pulle being not over-quick, the tongue moift, with a flow speech, and very little or no thirft, fome wine fhould be added to the panada, and wine-whey may be used for drink :" adding, that "in fuch circumftances wine is highly commended by feveral perfons of diftinguished character in phyfic, as a moft excellent corroborant." The general allowance for patients, he fays, is half a pint a day. His treatment of the frequently fupervening dyfentery, as a moft dan

gerous

gerous fymptom in thefe fevers, is pretty much in the common practice. With refpect to blifters, he rationally obferves, "that they are too often used unfeasonably and prematurely; particularly in the firft ftage of a disease, and when the rapid ferment of the blood feems confiderably to interdict all ftimulation; but afterwards, and fubfequent to proper evacuations, they have fometimes been recurred to with remarkable good effects."

His laft chapter treats of Prefervatives from thefe diftempers; which prefervation regards either fuch as have not been fick, or preventing the relapfes of fuch as have recovered. Thefe ends he judges are most effectually to be obtained by procuring the utmoft poffible purification of the air, and by preferving it in fuch a ftate; for which purposes he recommends Mr. Sutton's pipes, the only expedient he had probably heard of, but which feems very properly fuperfeded by the late truly worthy and ingenious Dr. Hales's ventilators. He enjoins," that the fhip be always kept clean and lightfome between decks; as dry as poffible in rainy or stormy weather; and that in fair weather the ports be opened. That the ship's crew be obliged to keep their cloaths and their perfons clean. That they fhould fufpend all labour as much as poffible, about noon, during the most violent heat; and that there fhould be fupernumerary watch-coats to change in rainy weather, and on their nightly duty." The remainder of this chapter is chiefly employed in directing a proper ftrengthening and antifeptic diet for the Convalefcents, (a great part of which is taken from Writers of our own country) and in feveral proposals for curing foul water, or converting falt-water into frefh, by diftillation, or other means.

We have cited the lefs from this judicious and laborious performance, not folely on account of our being straitened by other articles, but alfo as it abounds with extracts from many of our most eminent Writers on the like fubjects. Dr. Monchy has demonstrated his good fenfe in collecting the best materials for a proper folution of the Society's queries; and his judgment in methodizing and digefting them with order and perfpicuity; whilft he connects them with many judicious and medical reflections from his own experience. Perhaps he might have agreeably retrenched a little of the tautology which occurs in the performance: but his intention feems rather to have been a little redundant, than the leaft defective, on a fubject fo greatly interefting to his country, and fo worthy of himself, as a good citizen.

Upon

Upon the whole, we think it may fairly be recommended as a good manual Compendium for medical and chirurgical Gentlemen employed in the navy and army, in long voyages to the Eaft-Indies, and wherever the fcurvy prevails; a diftemper which, with fome diverfity of appearances, feems familiar, at least in long voyages, to many different climates.

The Liturgy of the Church of England, in its ordinary Service, reduced nearer to the Standard of Scripture: To which are prefixed, Reafens for the propofed Alterations, humbly recommended to public Confideration, and more particularly to those Noblemen and Gentlemen who have Chapels appropriated for divine Service. Revised and publifhed by the Author of the Appeal to the Common Senfe of all Christian People, &c. 12mo. 18. 6d. Millar.

WE

E fincerely congratulate all the friends of true religion, (and those especially who wifh well to the farther improvement of the Liturgy of our national church) upon the public appearance which the worthy Editor of this fpecimen is again making in favour of reformation; in which important caufe he has already diftinguished himself with fo much honour; and to which we find him ftill adhering with steadiness and conftancy, through good report, and through ill report.

It is from fuch a spirit as this that we can alone hope for fuccefs, in what has fo long been the earnest defire of wife, honeft, and good men, both among the clergy and laity: and pity it is, that fuch repeated attempts as thefe, in a defign wherein the progrefs of true religion, the credit of Chriftianity, the honour of the established church, and the general improvement of mankind, are fo much interested, fhould not mect with that public countenance and encouragement which they fo well deferve! Happy, happy, indeed, fhould we think ourselves, if, by any thing we can offer in our little pamphlet, we might hope to awaken the attention of mankind, convince them of the neceffity, and facilitate the progrefs of this good work.

Before we give an account of the alterations propofed in this Specimen of a reformed Liturgy, we fhall take the liberty to offer a few things relating to the neceffity of a farther re

formation

formation in general, freely submitting them to the judgment of our candid and impartial Readers.

There are two points of light in which this fubject offers itself to our confideration, which we do not remember to have feen much noticed in difquifitions of this kind.

The firft is, the Cafe of the Clergy themselves. That the church of England is at this time remarkably happy in a great number of fenfible and learned Clergymen, will, we appre hend, be readily acknowleged by all parties. It is probable, there is no one country in the Chriftian world upon an equal footing with us in this refpect. The Minifters of religion have largely enjoyed the advantages of the prefent improved ftate of fcience and literature; they have themselves, in a very confiderable degree, contributed to improvements of this kind; many of them at this time appear in the firft rank in the republic of letters; they have particularly diftinguished themselves in critical and theological knowlege, in Chriftian antiquities, and in an acquaintance with the Scriptures; the confequence of which has been, that in this age of freedom and enquiry, fo friendly to the progrefs of religious knowlege, they have learned to entertain opinions, and to form judgments, very different from thofe that were received by out ancestors in former ages; and particularly in the times when the public fervices of the church were compiled. It may be prefumed too, that it has not been without very good reafon, that the Clergy of this age have departed, in their judgments, from the prefcribed creeds and articles of former times; and are very well able to fupport their prefent fentiments, in a rational and judicious manner. Many of them have publicly done this, with great fpirit, and yet with great modesty.

But, how extremely painful and irksome must it be, for a num ber of Gentlemen of this refpectable character; men of education and learning; men of folid fenfe and fober judgment; and may we not add, men of liberal and ingenuous minds; of great virtue and piety, to be obliged to ftand up in our churches, and from time to time to read a fervice, fome of the leading fentiments of which are inconfiftent with the fenfe and judgment of their own minds; and in their apprehenfions contrary to the genuine doctrines of the Christian religion? What good-natured mind can forbear pitying them under fo difagreeable a circumftance? Who does not wish to see them releafed from what must be fo uneafy to them, and to which mothing but time and custom could, in any tolerable degree,

feconcile

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