commending, that children fhould, for this reafon, be neglected on the contrary, I would have fo much care taken of them as to prevent accidents of this kind, and not that their cries fhould give the firft notice of them. Neither would I, at the fame time, have a Nurfe be over folicitous about trifles. Why fhould fhe think it fo great a hardship on the child, to let it cry a little, when fhe fees on how many occafions its tears are useful and falutary? When children come to be fenfible of the great value you fet on their filence, they will take care you fhall not have too much of it. They will, at length, fet fo great a value on it themselves, as to prevent your being able to obtain any; when, by dint of continual crying without fuccefs, they ftrain, exhaust, and sometimes deftroy themselves. "The long fits of crying in a child, who is neither confined, fick, nor in real want of any thing, are only fits of habit and obstinacy. They are not to be attributed to nature, but to the Nurfe; who, from not knowing how to bear fuch importunity, only increafes it, without reflecting, that in making the child quiet to-day, fhe is only encouraging it to cry the more to-morrow. "The only way to cure, or prevent, this habit, is, to take no notice of a child in fuch circumftances. Nobody cares, not even children, to take fruitlefs pains. They may, for a while, perfevere in their trials; but, if you have more patience than they have obftinacy, they will be difgufted at the experiment, and repeat it no more. This is the method to prevent their tears, and to use them to cry only when they are really in pain. "When they are poffeffed of thefe fits of caprice and obfinacy, a certain way to quiet them is, to divert their attention by fome agreeable and striking object, that may make them forget their motive for crying. Moft Nurfes excel in practifing this expedient; and, if artfully managed, it is very ufeful: but it is of the utmoft confequence that the child fhould not perceive this intention of diverting him, but that he fhould imagine we are amufing ourselves without thinking of him in this refpect, however, all Nurfes are very inexpert, and perverfely do a right thing the wrong way.' Among the various objects of concern that enter into the good management of infants, that of teaching them to speak is undoubtedly one of the greatest importance: confidering it as fuch, therefore, Mr. Rouffeau lays down feveral fenfible remarks remarks on this head. The following, being the most general, may probably be acceptable to our Readers. "A child who would learn to speak, fhould be accuftomed only to hear words whofe meaning he might be easily made to comprehend, and to speak those only which he is in a capacity to pronounce articulately. The efforts he makes to do this, will induce him frequently to repeat the fame fyllable, as it were to exercife himfelf in the diftinct pronunciation of it. When he begins to ftutter, however, never give yourself the trouble to guefs what he would fay. To prefume even to be always attended to, is exercifing a fort of command; and in this, be it of what kind foever, a child fhould never be indulged. Let it be thought fufficient with you, to provide him, very carefully, with what is neceffary; it is his province to endeavour to make you understand what is not fo. Much lefs fhould you be fo precipitate, to oblige him to speak; he will learn to talk well enough of himself as he comes to perceive the utility of it. "It has been remarked, indeed, that fuch children as are backward in learning to talk, never fpeak fo diftinctly as others. It is not, however, from their being backward to fpeak that their organs contract any impediment; but, on the contrary, it is fome natural impediment which makes them fo late before they speak. Were not this the case, why fhould they be the lefs forward in this refpect than others? Have they lefs need of speech, or are they lefs excited to it? This is not the cafe, but the direct contrary; for the great concern arifing from this delay, when it comes to be known, occafions the poor child to be much more eagerly folicited and tormented to speak than are thofe who begin earlier : now thofe folicitations to repeated efforts, greatly contribute to render its fpeech confufed and ftammering; whereas, if treated lefs precipitately it would have had more time and lei-. fure to have acquired a better pronunciation. "Children who are preffed too much to speak have neither time allowed them to learn to pronounce diftinctly what they fay, nor to comprehend perfectly what they hear : whereas, if left to themfelves, they would begin to practise upon words of the most easy pronunciation, annexing to them fome fignification, which they would make understood by their geftures; they would give you their own words before they received yours, and make ufe of the latter only as they should understand them: for not being preffed to it, they would 2 first first observe the sense you yourself fhould give them, which, when they were certain of, they would adopt them accordingly. "But the greatest evil attending this precipitation, is not that our first difcourfe to children, and the firft language they speak, are to them, void of meaning; but that, with respect to them, they convey a meaning different from ours, without our knowing it, or being able to find it out; fo that, in fometimes appearing to anfwer us very pertinently, they speak without having understood us, and without our understanding them. It is at fuch equivocal expreffions we are fometimes. fo much furprized, when we annex ideas to their words to which they themselves are ftrangers. This inattention, on our part, to the true fenfe that words convey to children, appears to be the grand caufe of the first errors they fall into, and which, even after they are undeceived, continue to influence their turn of mind during the reft of their lives." The above extracts will abundantly ferve to fhew how minutely our Author has confidered, and enters into, his fubject; we fhall difinifs his firft book, therefore, with the following Maxims; the obfervance of which he ftrongly recommends to all who have the care of infants. I MAXIM. It is requifite to leave children at full liberty to employ the abilities nature hath given them, and which they cannot abuse. 2d MAXIM. It is our duty to affift them, and supply their deficiencies, whether of Body or mind, in every circumstance of phyfical neceffity. 3d MAXIM. Every affiftance afforded them fhould be confined to real utility, without adminiftering any thing to the indulgence of their caprice, or unreasonable humours. 4th MAXIM. The meaning of their language and figns ought to be carefully ftudied, in order to be able to diftinguish, at an age when they know not how to diffemble, between thofe inclinations that arife from nature, and what are only fantaftical. We shall enter on the account of the fecond part of this work in our next Review. The The medical Works of Richard Mead, M. D. Phyfician to his late Majefty King George II. Fellow of the Royal College of Phyficians at London and Edinburgh, and of the Royal Society 4to. 18s. bound. Hitch, &c. Med UCH the greater number of the Works of this learned and justly celebrated Phyfician, having been publifhed before the commencement of our Review, this article must, of course, relate to the prefent edition, rather than to the works themselves. It is well printed, upon a very good and large paper, which admits of a handfome margin, tho' with a fair and honeft page. The body of the work extends to 662 pages, exclufive of the Memoirs prefixed, concerning his Life and Writings, the various Prefaces, Advertisements, Index and Contents. The only Latin pieces here published, are, the Doctor's ́Harveian Oration, and an Epiftle to the late learned Dr. Friend, about purging in the Secondary Fever of the SmallPox. Now as all his pieces, except his Treatife on Poisons, on the Plague, his Difcourfe on the Scurvy, his Account of the Method of extracting foul Air out of Ships, were, to the beft of our recollection, publifhed originally in Latin, it might have been expected that the Editors would have premifed fomething briefly, with refpect to the tranflations they have given us of all the reft: but of this there is no mention. We are fenfible fome of thefe tranflations were published during the Author's life, by Dr. Stack, who truly affirmed them to have been made by the Author's allowance, and under his infpection: however irreconcilable this was with Dr. Mead's expressly guarding, as much as his injunctions could do, particularly against a tranflation of his Treatife de morbis Biblicis but very probably his defpairing of the efficacy of fuch injunctions, reduced him to the expedient of looking over the tranflation of a Gentleman who refided with him. We can alfo recollect an anonymous translation of his Treatife de Variolis et Morbillis, by a different Hand. On comparing fome parts of this edition with a few of the fame Treatifes publifhed fingly, we find them, for the most part, exactly the fame: but in the Effay on the Poison of the Mad Dog, we obferve a very horrid cataftrophe from it, faid to have occurred in Scotland, fuppreffed in this; and, indeed, judiciously enough, as there was fomething too indelicately, and even fhockingly, dreadful in it, to be published. This particular, we also imagine, was fuppreffed in the last edition previous to this, tho' we find it retained in Brindley's, of 1745. An elegant Metzotinto of the Doctor, engraved by Houfton, from a picture by Ramfay, is prefixed to this edition, and feems to have been a striking likeness of his agreeable afpect and good prefence, before his very advanced and decrepid age. Though we had formerly avowed* our great regard to the truly dignified character of the learned Dr. Mead, who was juftly obferved to have attained that rare happiness of having conquered Envy, even before his death; yet it is difficult for any, who have intimately known him, to transcribe his name, without repeatedly expreffing their regard for his memory. To his real qualifications, and unaffected endeavours for attaining the valuable purposes of his profeffion, he joined that extent and elegance of Literature, which agreeably engaged younger Phyficians to perufe and retain his ufeful works. He had facrificed fufficiently to the Graces; and yet his claffical ornaments are introduced with an eafe and aptitude, which difcovered no oftentation, but a generous defire to gratify his Readers, with fuch references and citations as had delighted himself. Without the least detraction from the living, we think his candour has been exceeded by none; and equalled by very few, indeed. This great virtue was not only evidenced by the general tenor of his life, but the fpirit of it breathes uniformly throughout his writings. Hence we imagine this edition of all his works in Engufh (except of two fhort pieces, which may serve as inftances of his ftrictly pure and elegant Latinity) may prove very acceptable to a greater number of Readers, than before; while his many virtues may be contemplated as humbly conducive to his prefent beatitude, in the company of Spirits as expanded and as beneficent as his own. Review, vol. XII. p. 253. XIV. p. 577. XVI. p. 261, 264. Two additional Volumes, being the XIIIth and XIVth of the Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin. Small octavo. 6s. Dodfley, &c. I T was the joint complaint of Dean Swift and Mr. Pope, in |