"Oh! my sister," said Lucius, advancing to Pompeia with open arms and a countenance beaming with pleasure, "how was it that you hid this thing from me?"

"Nay, my brother, let me rather ask wherefore it was that you made me not partaker of your joy in the Lord?" returned Pompeia, affectionately embracing the ardent boy. The freedom of Salamenes was procured without difficulty by his noble convert, and he and his beloved Apame went forth as ambas⚫sadors of the gospel, to spread the glad tidings of salvation through their own country.

The whole house of Pompeia became converts to the Christian faith, and she was one of the nursing mothers of the church at Rome, ministering to the poorer members with her substance; and she, with Lucius and Theron, were among those who, escaping the storms of persecution to which so many of the primitive Christians fell victims, grew old in the service of the Lord.

LETTER FROM NEW YORK. BY MR. GALT.

Lake Ontario, in its depths, is salt; certain it is that they lie deeper down in the earth than the Gulf of St. Lawrence. For that matter, it may be said the bottom of Loch Lomond is lower than that of the Irish Channel; but Loch Lomond is not salt, neither is Ontario; it is only supposed that it is so when it comes under the level of the ocean; and, therefore, if that be a law of Nature, it must be allowed that Loch Lomond is a great fool if it be not salt according to rule likewise. The wooden tanks for the evaporation of the brine in the neighbourhood of Syracuse cover many acres; if they are not curiosities, there nothing of the sort about the place.

The next considerable halting-place, after leaving Syracuse, is Auburn; the distance is commonly reckoned a day's journey, but that depends on the season in which you travel. The intervening country is about the rawest in the whole route between Utica and Buffalo: perhaps it struck me as such when I passed through it the first time, and it is the only impression that I retain. The neighbourhood of Auburn is, however, prettily undulated; the town is much more considerable than Goldsmith's "loveliest village," and the principal hotel is very good indeed. The house is handsome, with a portico that would do no discredit to a town house, but the pillars are rather gawkily too far apart.

Concluded from page 132. The first of my regular stages of rest, after leaving Utica, has been always Syracuse. I have already mentioned that when I first passed through it in the spring of 1825, it consisted The chief object, however, for which Auburn but of a few houses, and rather a better sort of is celebrated, is the Penitentiary, or State tavern than might have been expected in so Prison, a large pile of buildings, pleasantly sismall a place. It is now a large town, contain- tuated at a short distance from the town. I ing, I should think, a population of more than examined this establishment with some degree a thousand and a half of souls. The original of care, in consequence of the general imprestavern has been swept away, and another of sion which prevails amongst us that the Amegreat magnitude and magnificence substituted. rican penitentiary system has been productive It contains upwards of seventy bed-chambers, of a great deal of good. I do not think, howand is, in every respect, a superior building in- ever, that the arrangements of this state prideed. I did not, however, take up my abode son are very judicious. For example, the there in last coming this way, but went to the prisoners live and work together in open "Mansion-house;" on account of the landlord, wards; they are enjoined silence; but this conwho happened to be at the door when the stage stant exposure to one another must undoubtedstopped, and whom I had somewhere before ly harden the sense of shame. Indeed, I have met with, and recognised as a very civil per- since been assured that the penitentiary syssonage. By the way, it is fit and proper to be tem has not answered the expectations of its here explained, that the whole character of the promoters in America. Before I left England, hostlerie on the west side of Utica is very dif- I went through the London Penitentiary at ferent indeed from what is found to the east. Millbank, and I do think the system there, of I am sure it is greatly better between Buffalo keeping the prisoners apart, or in small chamand Utica, than between London and Edin-bers, is preferable to the general exposure of burgh, and that the attention is not less alert and respectful.

The Erie Canal passes through Syracuse, the situation of which is convenient and central for a wide extent of country; but I apprehend the great salt-works, at the neighbouring town of Salina, have a considerable influence on its prosperity: which of the two places is the senior I have neglected to recollect, but Mr. W- had a pair of gloves exactly of the same age as Syracuse, and which had served him in a journey to Naples,-the Naples in Italy.

The salt-works of Salina belong to the state, and are formed for the evaporation of the brine, which rises there in a very affluent stream. The proceeds, I have understood, were assigned to the commissioners of the Erie canal, as an important contribution to their great work. Whether the assignment continues, now that the canal has been some time open, I do not know, but it ought not, for the canal should support itself, and if it does, then there is some illusion in representing the revenue arising from the canal so large as it is commonly stated. The true way of estimating the production of such works, is to state exactly what arises from themselves. I have mislaid my note of the value of the salt made at Salina, but it is of little importance to us. I cannot, however, refrain from sporting a hypothetical fancy for your consideration; viz. Is not the ground on which Syracuse and Salina stand, and all about them, upon a salt bed; and has not the lake itself been once a part of that vast salt-bed? Certain friends of ours, and I am half inclined to be of their opinion, believe that

the American system. Undoubtedly, it has a tendency to prevent the prisoners, after liberation, from recognising each other, and from congregating together, upon the confidence of being previously acquainted with the delinquency of each other; whereas the American system, I should think, has directly the contrary effect. But notwithstanding the sagacity and benevolence of those by whom the penitentiary system has been advocated and established, I have some doubt if their views have been regulated by any right knowledge of the

motives of human conduct. Indeed, I am much of opinion that there is a considerable error among jurists, both with respect to the nature of crime and the efficacy of punish

ment.

Without question, the conduct of men is much more under the influence of physical stimulation than the law is disposed to allow. Insanity and passionate excitement are not recognised by legal justice, unless they are found in a very high degree; but long before madness or fatuity reach the degree which justifies the interference of the law, there are many stages far from the limits of correct judgment. In fact, I have a suspicion that physical disease of some kind or other, whether of organization or of nervous construction, enters much more largely into criminal propensities than it is the practice of judicial wisdom to consider. If there be any truth in this notion, it should follow that the principal benefit of the penitentiary system is induced by the change on the habits of the delinquent, produced by the difference between what was his condition in freedom and the circumstances of his restraint;

| and, therefore, the reformation of criminals should be studied more with reference to health, temperament, and habit, than has hitherto been the usage in prison discipline. I am not aware that you are a craniologist; but if you are, I must protest against my doctrine being applied in support of Gall's theory, because it is not to be allowed that a general state of the constitution is to be supposed the result of a local and special formation. Have the craniologists any bump indicative of a penchant for forgery? because, if they have, the Americans must possess it in a very remarkable degree; for the number of convicted forgers in the Auburn State Prison amounted to no less than one-fifth of the whole. For my part, I am inclined to believe that the frequency of this offence is much more owing to the paper dollars than to any thing so philosophical as a bump of imitativeness, and that forgery is only a more ingenious and refined degree of thievishness. It is an effect, however, as much of the state of society, as either of the state of the stomach or of the head. It would seem, however, for the honour and credit of artists, that the possession of the imitative faculty does not always imply a desire to employ it criminally. Indeed, as a body, painters, engravers and sculptors, are distinguished for their honesty. I never heard of any eminent one, of either profession, having been convicted of forgery, except the unfortunate Ryland.

But it is full time to stop one's pen when it gets so far into the wilderness of theory, the uncleared forest of philosophy, in which the right way is as difficult to find as a path in the woods around the scene which has given rise to these moral nebula. I am, truly yours,

A.

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THE MANIAC.

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DANGEROUS RENCOUNTER WITH ELEPHANTS IN SOUTH AFRICA. [THE following account of a very perilous adventure was communicated by the gentleof the 21st Fusileers,) to Mr. T. Pringle, and man to whom it occurred, (Lieut. J. D. Moodie, has been with his consent transferred to our

"Having tried every other method in vain having torn my back with the whip-subjected me to the restraint of a strait waistcoatchained me down for days together to my crib --and finding, as it was affirmed, that I possessed craft enough to be calm till I was released, and only till then, the tyrants vented their spleen upon me thus. I recollect the occasion well, I had been for some time fastened by a long chain, which, passing through a hole in the partition, enabled the keeper, by going into the next cell, to draw me close against the wall at pleasure. This he was in the habit of doing several times a day, and then he lashed me till the exercise wearied his arm. If I had been violent before, such treatment of course increased my violence. I no sooner felt the chain tightened, than I roared like a wild beast; and when the brute appeared, armed, as he invariably was, with a heavy. cart-whip, I gnashed my teeth upon him in impotent fury. But I had my revenge. With the straw allowed me in lieu of a bed, I so stuffed the chain, that it could not be forced through the aperture. One morning the wretch strove in vain to draw me up as usual; he failed, and trusting, I suppose, to the effect of habitual terror upon my mind, ventured to come within my reach. Ha, it was a glorious moment! I shrank up, as I had been wont to do, into the corner, for the purpose of deceiving him; he followed, brandishing his whip, and prepared to strike. One bound brought him within iny clutch. Sir, I had no weapons but my hands and feet, but they were sufficient. I caught him by the hair, dashed him on his face to the ground, and then planting my knees strongly upon his shoulders, I tore his head back till the joints of the neck began to give way. Fortunately for him, the struggle had been overheard, and assistance arrived just in time to save his worthless life.

"It was in consequence of that act that a new mode of restraint was exercised upon me. An iron collar was riveted round my neck, to which was attached a massive chain, only twelve inches in length. This was again made fast to a ring in a strong iron pillar, so formed as that it could slide upwards or downwards; the pillar itself being built into the wall, and of the height of six feet. Round my body another iron girdle of vast strength was soldered, about two inches in width, attached to which were two circular projections, one on each side, for the purpose of pinioning and restraining my arms. To keep the girdle in its place again, other bars crossed my shoulders, and were riveted to it both before and behind, whilst a couple of links connecting the collar with the shoulder-straps, and a couple of chains fastening the back bars to the pillar,—all power of moving head, hands, and arms, was taken away from me. Thus was I kept for four whole years. I could lie down, it is true, because my trough was placed close to the

Thus was it till a change took place in the arrangement of the asylum. How it came about, I know not: but after enduring this treatment for a series of years, I was one day set at liberty, and furnished with proper clothing. Whether my mind was ever in a state of chaos, I cannot tell. There are moments when I believe it. There are are others when I believe it not; perhaps it may be the case still.

"I was set free as one cured. They told me that my wife died from accidentally falling upon the fender, and that my grief for her decease turned my brain. Poor fools! they knew not that it was I who killed her.

THE DREAM.

As a folded flower she stilly sleeps-
You might deem them dreamless slumbers,
-But a low wild sound her breathing keeps
Like a night-wind's broken numbers.
And o'er her face is a fitful chase

Of hurrying lights and shadows;
Like the printless zephyr's noon-day race
On the slope of sunny meadows.
And one bright tear there rests between
Her dark and silken lashes;

It hath a dew star's tremulous sheen,

Or wave-bubble's moonlight flashes: The warm night air's astir in her hair, Like the tide in the long sea-weed When its last faint ebb is pausing there

On the pale blossom's kiss to feed. The rose will dream of the nightingale

When he sings in woods far away; And the lark will dream in the twilight pale

He is springing to welcome the day: But what may ye deem the lady's dream? And what busy spirit ranges Through the shades that fall, the lights that gleam

O'er her slumber's countless changes? Is it a shadowy rainbow-form

Such as dwell in the torrent's shroud :
Or bright shape left by a summer-storm
On a roseate western cloud:

A masque of delight, 'tween dawn and night,
On the floor of unrisen dew;
Or pageant fair of the morning-light

On the Alp-snow's kindling hue?
Is it a radiant youth descending

In a sapphire beaming car;
With looks of love o'er a mortal bending

From his throne in the morning star:
Or one that doth bring from the fairy king
That love-roving sprite Oberôn,
Some dainty thing from an elfin ring,

Or a mirror of clear moonstone?
Whether a radiant form of light,

Whether a gliding-pageant show Of the morning air, or elfin sprite

Came to her sleep, ye may not know. To one alone shall be ever known

What shapes of light were in the gleam, And what were the shades and the low wild tone, And the trembling tear of the lady's dream.

Or several remarkable adventures which I have had the fortune to experience in the course of my life, the most extraordinary certainly, was my hair-breadth escape from the elephant in South Africa. As I perceive that this has been rather inaccurately related in some late publications, and as you have expressed a wish to have my own account of the occurrence, I shall give you the details as nearly as I can recollect them.

In the year 1821, I had joined the recently formed semi-military settlement of Fredericksburg, on the picturesque banks of the Gualana, beyond the Great Fish river. At this place our party (consisting chiefly of the disbanded officers and soldiers of the Royal African corps,) had already shot many elephants, with which the country at that time abounded. The day previous to my adventure, I had witnessed an elephant hunt for the first time. On this occasion a large female was killed, after some hundred shots had been fired at her. The balls seemed at first to produce little effect, but at length she received several shots in the trunk and eyes, which entirely disabled her from making resistance or escaping, and she fell an easy prey to her assailants.

On the following day, one of our servants came to inform us that a large troop of elephants was in the neighbourhood of the settlement, and that several of our people were already on their way to attack them. I instantly set off to join the hunters, but from losing my way in the jungle through which I had to proceed, I could not overtake them, until after they had driven the elephants from their first station. On getting out of the jungle, I was proceeding through an open meadow on the banks of the Gualana, to the spot where I heard the firing, when I was suddenly warned of approaching danger, by loud cries of "Pas-op!-Look out!" coupled with my name in Dutch and English; and at the same moment heard the cracking of broken branches, produced by the elephants bursting through the wood, and the tremendous screams of their wrathful voices resounding among the precipitous banks. Immediately a large female, accompanied by three others of a smaller size, issued from the edge of the jungle, which skirted the river margin. As they were not more than two hundred yards off, and were proceeding directly towards me, I had not much time to decide on my motions. Being alone, and in the middle of a little open plain, I saw that I must inevitably be caught, should I fire in this position, and my shot not take effect. I therefore retreated hastily out of their direct path, thinking they would not observe me, until I should find a better opportunity to attack them. But in this I was mistaken, for on looking back I perceived, to my dismay, that they had left their former course, and were rapidly pursuing and gaining ground on me. Under these circumstances I determined to reserve my fire as a last resource; and turning off at right angles, in the opposite direction, I made for the banks of the small river, with a view to take refuge among the rocks on the other side, where I should have been safe. But before I got within fifty paces of the river, the elephants were within twenty paces of me-the large female in the middle, and the other three on either side of her, apparently with the intention of making sure of me; all of them screaming so tremendously, that I was almost stunned with the noise. I immediately turned round, cocked my gun, and aimed at the head of the largest-the female. But the gun, unfortunately, from the powder being damp, hung fire, till I was in the

act of taking it from my shoulder, when it went off, and the ball merely grazed the side of her head. Halting only for an instant, the animal again rushed furiously forward. 1 fell-I cannot say whether struck down by her trunk or not. She then made a thrust at me with her tusk. Luckily for me she had only one, which still more luckily missed its mark. She then caught me with her trunk by the middle -threw me beneath her forefeet-and knocked me about between them for a little space :I was scarcely in a condition to compute the number of minutes very accurately. Once she pressed her foot on my chest with such force, as I actually felt the bones, as it were, bending under the weight; and once she trod on the middle of my arm, which, fortunately, lay flat on the ground at the time. During this rough handling, however, I never entirely lost my recollection, else I have little doubt she would have settled my accounts for this world. But owing to the roundness of her foot I generally managed, by twisting my body and limbs, to escape her direct tread. While I was still undergoing this buffeting, Lieut. Chisholm, of the R. A. corps, and Diederik, a Hottentot had come up, and fired several shots at her, one of which hit her in the shoulder; and at the same time her companions, or young ones, retiring and screaming to her from the edge of the forest, she reluctantly left me, giving me a cuff or two with her hind feet in passing. I got up, picked up my gun, and staggered away as fast as my aching bones would allow; but observing that she turned round, and looked back towards me, before entering the bush, I lay down in the long grass, by which means I escaped her obser

vation.

On reaching the top of the high bank of the river, I met my brother, who had not been at this day's hunt, but had run out, on being told by one of the men that he had seen me killed. He was not a little surprised at meeting me alone, and in a whole skin, though plastered with mud from head to foot. While he, Mr.. Knight, of the Cape regiment, and I, were yet talking of my adventure, an unlucky soldier of the R. A. corps, of the name of M'Clane, attracted the attention of a large male elephant, which had been driven towards the village. The ferocious animal gave chase, and caught him immediately under the height where we were standing-carried him some distance in his trunk-then threw him down, and, bringing his fore feet together, trod and stamped upon him for a considerable time, till he was quite dead. Leaving the corps for a little, he again returned, as if to make quite sure of his destruction, and kneeling down, crushed and kneaded the body with his fore legs. Then seizing it again with his trunk, he carried it to the edge of the jungle, and threw it among the bushes. While this tragedy was going on, my brother and I scrambled down the bank as far as we could, and fired at the furious animal, but we were at too great a distance to be of any service to the unfortunate man, who was crushed almost to a jelly.

Shortly after this catastrophe, a shot from one of the people broke this male elephant's left fore leg, which completely disabled him from running. On this occasion, we witnessed a touching instance of affection and sagacity in the elephant, which I cannot forbear to relate, as it so well illustrates the character of this noble animal. Seeing the danger and distress of her mate, the feinale before mentioned, (my personal antagonist,) regardless of her own danger, quitted her shelter in the bush, rushed out to his assistance, walked round and round him, chasing away the assailants, and still returning to his side and caressing him; and when he attempted to walk she placed her flank under his wounded side and supported him. This scene continued nearly half an hour, until the female received a severe wound from Mr. C. Mackenzie, of the R. A. corps, which drove her again to the bush, where she speedily sank exhausted from the loss of blood; and the male

KEATS.

Fair thy young spirit's mould-
Thou from whose heart the streams
Of sweet Elysium, roll'd
Over Endymion's dreams.

BLOOMFIELD.

Sweet bard, upon the tomb
In which thine ashes lie,
The simple wildflowers bloom
Before the ploughman's eye.

HOOD.

Impugn I dare not thee,
For I'm of puny brood;
And thou wouldst punish me
With pungent hardi Hoop.
A MODERN PYTHAGOREAN.

THE PREMATURE WHITE HAT. [THE horrifying effect of a gross infringement of fashion, on its votaries, is well sketched below. Let the readers of the Atlas be warned against like transactions.-N. Y. Atlas.] I met a man in Regent street,

A daring man was he,

He had a hat upon his head

As white as white could be!
"Twas but the first of March!-Away
Three hundred yards I ran,
Then cast a retrospective glance
At that misguided man.

I thought it might be possible
To do so foul a deed,

Yet not commit the murd'rous acts
Of which too oft we read:

I thought he might have felt distress-
Have loved-and loved in vain-
And wore that pallid thing-to cool
The fever of his brain.

Perchance he had no relative

To

No confidential friend

say

when summer months begin, And those of winter end:

Perchance he had a wife, who was

Unto his side a thorn,

And who had basely thrust him forth,
To brave Decorum's storm!

But no-a smile was on his cheek!
He thought himself the thing!
And all unblushingly he wore

The garniture of Spring!
"Twas evident the man could not
Distinguish wrong from right!
And cheerfully he walked along
Unseasonably white!

Then unperceived I followed him,
Clandestinely I tried

To ascertain in what strange spot
So queer a man could hide:

Where he could pass his days and nights,

And breakfast, dine, and sup;

And where the peg could be, on which
He hung that white hat up!

He paused at WHITE'S-the white capote
Made all the members stare!

He passed the Trav'ller's smoky Club
He had no footing there!
He stood a ballot once, (alas!

There sure was pique in that)
Though they admit light-headed men,
They black-ball'd the white hat!
But on he went, self-satisfied,
And now and then he'd stop
And look into the looking-glass
That lines some trinket-shop;
And smilingly adjusted it!-

'Twas that which made me vext"If this is borne," said I, " he'll wear His nankeen trowsers next!"

The wretched being I at length
Compassionately stopt,

And used the most persuasive words
Entreaty could adopt:

I said his head was premature

I never left his side

Until he swore most solemnly

The white had should be dyed. T. H. B.

RELIGIOUS HEROISM.
[From the German of Zimmerman.]
"Go, Lictor, lead the bishop forth,
Let all the assembly stay,
For he must openly abjure

His Christian faith to-day."
The Prætor spake the Lictor went,
And Polycarp appear'd;
And totter'd, leaning on his staff,
To where the pile was rear'd.

His silver hair, his look benign,

Which spake his heavenly lot, Mov'd e'en to tears both youth and age, Yet mov'd the Prætor not. The Heathen spake: "Renounce aloud Thy Christian heresy!"

"Hope all things else," the old man cried,
"Yet hope not this from me!"
"But if thy stubborn heart refuse
The Saviour to deny,

Thy age shall not avert my wrath,
Thy doom shall be-to die!"
"Think not, O Judge, with menaces
To shake my faith in God;

If in his righteous cause I die,
I gladly kiss the rod.'

"Blind wretch! doth not the funeral pile Thy vaunting faith appal?"

"No funeral pile my heart alarms,

If God and duty call!"

"Then expiate thy insolence;
There perish in the fire;
Go, Lictor, drag him instantly,
Forth to the funeral pyre!"
The Lictor dragg'd him instantly

Forth to the pyre: with bands
He bound him to the martyr-stake,
He smote him with his hands.
"Abjure thy God," the Prætor said,
"And thou shall yet be free:"
"No," cried the hero, "rather let
Death be my destiny!"

The Prætor bowed; the Lictor laid
With haste the torches nigh:
Forth from the faggots burst the flames,
And glared athwart the sky!
The patient champion at the stake,
With flames engirdled, stood;
Calm-patient-look'd he heavenwards,
And seal'd his faith with blood.

Varieties.

D. H. L.

[From the Wilkesbarre Democrat, March 23.] A panther was shot in Drinker's settlement on the 3d inst., by Daniel Scott. You will please publish the following account of it, which is as near as may be in the hunter's language.

He says he was sauntering along with his rifle not far from his residence, thinking it probable he might get a chance at some wolves, whose track he had seen some days previous, when he heard a great fuss in a swamp a short distance ahead of him, and immediately after, his dog came running toward him evidently very much alarmed, but his courage being raised by his master's presence, he returned to the swamp-Scott following at double quick time, pccking round pretty sharp to see what was up.

At length he came near enough to see the cretur, who sot on a little knoll, moving his tail about, and wriggling like a cat, with his head near the ground.-Scott guesses he was about four rods from him, but the tarnal fellow did not perceive his approach, (having his eyes on the dog, and preparing to spring) until he gave a whistle, when he raised himself up and showed his breast, at which the hunter took deliberate aim, and shot him through the heart and livers. He was a fine fellow, in the prime of life, six feet and a half from tail to snout.

No doubt he had feasted well on venison during the winter, as he was in such good case that Mrs. Scott got fat enough from him to make half a barrel of soap.

[From the Vermont Standard.] Wedding Fee-Mr. Copeland, 1 have concluded it would save some labour, both for the young gentlemen who are fixing to cross the line of celibacy, and who may be disposed to come from Whiting or elsewhere, of the same distance, to invite a minister to go from this place, through muddy roads, &c. some 10 or 12 miles, to perform for them the pleasing and interesting ceremony of matrimony, and receive the small sum of one silver dollar for his pay; and for the ministers who may be called to solemnize matrimony for such persons, without knowing what they are to receive as a remuneration for the loss of their time, yea, their dinner too, the use of a horse and carriage, and the loss of their horse's dinner too, and their personal services. I say, I have con. cluded it will save both parties some labour, to give public notice at this time; that, as for myself, I wish those persons who are calculating to pay a dollar, and who expect that this sum will be satisfactory remuneration for such services, not to call on me to attend their marriages. And I am quite confident that none of the ministers in this place wish for such calls.

I now confess, sir, I have been put to the test in this matter, and now I wish to avoid all such calls. J. Z. NICHOLAS.

Resignation-Mr. a very covetous man, lost his only son James-an event which overwhelmed him with sorrow. The minister came to comfort him, and in the course of conversation remarked, that such chastisements of Providence were mercies in disguise; that, although in the death of his son he had suffered a severe and irreparable misfortune, yet undoubtedly his own reflections had already suggested some sources of consolation. "Yes," exclaimed the weeping but still provident father, "Jim was a monstrous eater."

The Heirs of Fulton.-A writer in the Virginia Literary Museum, has suggested a new plan for rewarding the children of Fulton for the services rendered the American people by their father. The plan strikes us as a feasible one, and we commend it to public attention. He suggests

"1. That the proprietors of each steamboat provide a box to receive contributions for the

benefit of Fulton's heirs.

2. That every passenger be invited, without importunity, to contribute one cent.

3. That one cent of the passage money of every passenger who may not choose to contribute, be set apart to supply the deficiency.

4. That the proceeds thus distributed, be remitted on the first day of every month, or as soon after as practicable, to the Bank of the United States, in New York, on account of Fulton's children.

In this way, a liberal provision may be made, without being felt by any body, for the family of one of the greatest, if not the very greatest, of our public benefactors. Had Fulton been a subject of the emperor of Russia, he had probably been ennobled, and certainly enriched. Had he been a subject of Great Britain, he would have experienced the bounty of both King and Parliament; and being a citizen of our Republic, there seems to be a peculiar fitness and propriety, that the reward of his useful labours should be bestowed by the people. Such a spontaneous act on their part, would be honourable to the character of the nation, both for intelligence and liberality."

A lively modern writer observes, that there is a class of railers who claim it as their privilege to laugh at every thing they do not understand, and who are, consequently, never without something to laugh at.

Thumping won't make a Gentleman. -Two eminent members of the Irish bar, Messrs. Doyle and Yelverton, quarrelled, some years ago, so violently, that from words they came to blows. Doyle, the more powerful man, (at the fists at least,) knocked down his adversary twice, exclaiming with vehemence, "You scoundrel, I'll make you behave yourself like a gentleman!" To which Yelverton, rising, answered with equal indignation, "No, sir, never; I defy you, I defy you! you can't do it!"

The Siamese Youths.-A lady, who had lately visited the Siamese brothers, being asked by a gentleman if they seemed fond of each other, replied, "Really, sir, I never saw so strong an attachment."

Preparing for the Worst.-Once on a time it happened that a poor wight married a shrew, who led him a most precious life: she fell ill, the doctor was called in, and the anxious affectionate husband inquired of him how his dear spouse was; Galen shook his head, and told him to prepare for the worst. "What, is she likely to get over it?"

Why is my wise aunt like a fashionable watering-place?-Because she's a Bright un. Why is an urn, when it has ceased boiling, like a quiet man?-Because it is tacit urn. When was B the first letter of the alphabet? -In the time of No A. (Noah.)

Why is an industrious lady like a foot-stool? -Because she's no table. (notable.)

When is an alderman most like a ghost?When he's a goblin. (gobbling.)

On one John Davis alias Borrow, who was convicted at the last Lent Assizes, at Taunton, of forging the name of Mr. Tooke:John Davis, I say it in sorrow, Was a thief in his very look; He took the name of Borrow,

And borrowed the name of Tooke.

Irish Liquors. In the present volume of the Cabinet Cyclopædia, by Professor Donovan, is a whimsical proof of the country of the author: opium and tobacco-smoke are classed under the head of intoxicating liquors.

Obstinacy. If we can trust a current tradition, contests between the pulpit and the throne occurred more than once in the face of the congregation. It is said, a young preacher, dilating before James's face on some matter highly offensive to him, the monarch lost patience, and said aloud, "I tell thee, man, either sonable request, as it might be thought, the to speak sense or come down."-To which reapreacher stoutly replied, "And I tell thee, man, I will neither speak sense nor come down."--Sir. W. Scott's History of Scotland.

THE LITERARY PORT FOLIO.

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BEARS IN SWEDEN.

[From a Review of Mr. Lloyd's Field Sports of the North of Europe.]

"WHEN a sportsman first visits Sweden, he would be led to imagine, from the nature of the country, that game might be very abundant: but he will soon find the contrary to be the case; for he may often walk for hours together in the finest shooting grounds imaginable, without finding a bird or other animal. For awhile, 1 was at a loss to account for this scarcity, which I knew not whether to attribute to the climate, the vermin, or other cause. But after passing some time in Sweden, ny wonder ceased; and it was then no longer surprising that there should be so little game, (I here speak of the country generally,) but that there should be any at all; as, from the constant war that is carried on against it throughout the whole year, and this in spite of the laws enacted for its preservation, one would be inclined to think game would be exterminated altogether. In the summer, and often when the birds are hardly out of their shells, the slaughter is commenced both with traps and guns; and during the subsequent long winters, of some five or six months' duration, every device which the ingenuity of man can invent, is put into execution to destroy them. The spring of the year, however, during the period of incubation, is the most fatal to the feathered tribe; for at that time birds are, of course, more casy of approach, and they are then, at least such is the case in most parts of Sweden, destroyed without mercy."

Even the bears are slain in their wintersleep; and, in short, there seems to be no sort of security for fish, fowl, or flesh, feræ naturæ, in all the land or waters of Scandinavia. The race of our friend Bruin has thus been nearly extirpated, in spite of all their saving qualities of running, walking, swimming, scratching, clawing, tearing, patting, biting, hugging, and snoozing, for indeed their persecutions appear to be what no bear could bear.

"The female bear carries her young about' six months, and brings forth when in her den at the end of January, or in the course of February. The cubs, when first born, are very small; not, however, mishapen lumps, as it used to be said, which the mother licked into form, but bears in miniature. She has from one to four at a birth, which she suckles, according to Mr. Forsell, until the summer is well advanced.' Although the mother takes no nourishment during the time she continues in her den, she nevertheless preserves her condition tolerably well, and her teats furnish milk in abundance; for this reason, the cubs are usually found to be very fat when they are taken in the den. Should she again be with young in the same year, she does not, according to Mr. Falk, suffer her former cubs to share her den the next winter, but prepares them quarters in her neighbourhood: the succeeding summer, however, she is followed by both litters, who pass the ensuing winter, all together, in the mother's den. Though I cannot from personal observation verify the latter statement, I have reason to believe it is true; indeed, one of the most celebrated chasseurs in the north of Europe, an occasional companion of mine in the forest, assured me that he himself once found two distinct litters of cubs in

the same den with the mother. She-bears,'

1830.

The annexed is an illustration of the instinct of these animals:

"As soon as the old bear heard the people advancing upon her, she drove her cubs, as is usually the case when they are in danger, up into the trees, or into holes and other places of concealment, for safety. This was known from the cries of the cubs; for on these occasions, the mother generally resorts to considerable violence to accomplish her purpose. She then continued her retreat."

Frederick the First, who ruled in Sweden about a hundred years ago, was a famous bearhunter, and the archives of the state retain authentic records of his exploits. The following are specimens, and written by M. Schönberg, the king's principal chasseur, the then Lord Maryborough of Sweden:—

Mr. Falk farther observes, do not breed therefore, readily be imagined, that the inhathree years in succession: when the young are bitants of Scandinavia have some little reason of a proper growth, (which, I believe, is not for the saying common among them, that the until they are three years of age,) she sepa- bear, together with the wit of one man, has rates from them entirely.' The bear is a fast the strength of ten. Some better idea of the and good swimmer, and in hot weather bathes prowess of a large bear may, however, be frequently; he climbs well, but in descending formed, when I state, on the authority of Mr. trees or precipices, always comes down back- Falk, that several instances have occurred in wards. His sight is sharp, and senses of hear- Wermeland, within the last few years, of their ing and smelling are excellent: for these climbing on to the roofs of cow-houses: these reasons, it is not often that he is to be seen. they have then torn off; and having thus gainHe walks with facility on his hind-legs, and ed admittance to the poor animals confined in that position can bear the heaviest burdens. within, they slaughtered and actually carried Indeed, Mr. Nilsson says, 'a bear has been them away by shoving, or lifting them through seen walking on his hinder feet along a small the aperture by which they themselves had tree (stock) that stretched across a river, bear-entered.' I have heard of another bear, which, ing a dead horse in his fore-paws.' Though after being desperately wounded, ran at the his gait is awkward, the bear can, if he pleases, man who fired at him, who took refuge behind as I shall by and by have occasion to show, go a young tree; this the bear then embraced at a great pace. According to Mr. Falk, he with his arms, thinking possibly it was his oppogrows to about his twentieth, and lives until nent he had got hold of: he was then, however, his fiftieth year. The Scandinavian bear, the in his last agonies, and presently fell dead to male at least, (for the female is smaller,) occa- the ground, tearing up the trees by the roots sionally attains to a very great size. Indeed, in his fall." I myself killed one of these animals that weighed four hundred and sixty pounds; and as this was in the winter time, when, from his stomach being contracted, (which, as I have just now stated, is the case with those animals at that season of the year,) he was probably lighter by fifty or sixty pounds than he would have been during the autumnal months. Mr. Professor Nilsson states, that they attain to five hundred weight.' Mr. Falk, however, goes much farther; for he says, in his little pamphlet, that he once killed a bear in a skall, so uncommonly large, that when slung on a pole, ten men could with difficulty carry him a short distance.' He adds farther, His weight could not be precisely stated; but,' according to his opinion, and he had seen numbers of large and small bears, 'he weighed unflayed at least two skippunds victualic weight, or near seven hundred and fifty pounds English.' This bear, which was killed during the autumnal months, Mr. Falk described to have had so enormous a stomach as almost to resemble a cow in calf. This animal's skull, however, which is now in my possession, is not at all remarkable in point of size. He did not die tamely; for, after receiving several balls, he dashed at the cordon of people who encompassed him on all sides, and, according to the same author, severely wounded no less than seven of them in succession. One of the men he bit in thirty-seven different places, and so seriously in the head, that his brains were visible.' Though the people gallantly endeavoured to stop the progress of this monster, he broke through all opposition, and for the moment made his escape: very fortunately, however, a minute or two afterwards Mr. Falk succeeded in putting him hors de combat. Though this bear was of so enormous a size, one of Mr. Falk's under-keepers, the most celebrated chasseur in that part of the country, who saw it, and of whom I shall have occasion to speak much hereafter, assured me he himself had killed one still larger, the skin of which was, by his account, of such an extraordinary size, that I am really afraid to repeat its dimensions. He added farther, that its fat alone weighed one hundred weight, and that its wrists (in formation much resembling those of a human being) were of so great a thickness, that with his united hands, which were none of the smallest, he was unable to span either of them by upwards of an inch. This bear, however, he admitted, was very considerably larger than any other that he ever killed; indeed, by his account, it must have been a Daniel Lambert among his species. The powers of such animals as those of which I have just been speaking, must of course be tremendous; and it can,

"The 15th of January, 1722, I had the honour to organise this hunt (which was only one thousand six hundred paces in circumference), likewise in the parish of Tuna in Dalecarlia, in which four bears were ringed; and although, according to orders, fires were lighted behind the nets, &c. surrounding the skallplats, yet the bears never moved out of their quarters; all the four lay quiet together in a sand-bank. Wherefore, when his majesty came to the hunt, he resolved to shoot them in the den, which was executed in the following mannor:-I advanced before, carrying on my arm one of his majesty's rifles; immediately after, his majesty followed in person; after him huntsman Floton with two rifles on his arm: and after him, Colonel Lars Hierta, who had also a rifle. It was farther ordered, that a huntsman should follow fifty or sixty paces behind, with a couple of the large hounds; and that the other huntsmen should stand ready, with the whole of the dogs, immediately within the nets; but that all the other attendants should remain without. When I, who went before, came so near that I could see where the bears lay, I showed them to his majesty, and presented to him his rifle, who immediately fired at one who sat himself up in the den when he saw us; which was pointed so well, that he instantly fell dead, having received the ball between the eyes. The others, notwithstanding this, never moved, but lay perfectly quiet, as if they had been dead. The huntsman, directly after the first shot, presented to his majesty one of the rifles which he carried, and I took back the one that was discharged, when the king fired a second time; and as the bears still remained quiet, the huntsman delivered to him the other rifle, and took from him the second that was discharged, when his majesty immediately fired a third shot at the bears; but even yet not one of them moved. Upon this,