-Present state of this city, now called SourHeap of valuable ruins-Different churchesBazar-Custom-house-Duties paid here-The chief, Hanzer, becomes mafter of this placeFortifications and edifices which he caufed to be conftructed-Vifit paid to him by the authorEncouragements that must increase the popula tion of Sour--Religions-Productions and commerce-Glass of Tyre-Kind of shell-fish which produce a purple dye p. 368 CHAP. XLII. Environs of Tyre-Waters of Tyre, and their peculiarities-Ifthmus-Wells of Ras-Elein-Author requested to vifit the fick-In what the Arab women make modesty to confift-Aqueducts near Tyre. X CHA P. XLIV. P. 380 Journey from Sour to Tantur and Nahr-Eltemafieh-Castle of Scanderoon--Anacur-Cape White-Castle of Zib, and the danger to which the author was exposed there-Promontory of Carmel, and Caftle-Pilgrim-Village of Tantur -Tantur was formerly a celebrated city called Dor, or Dora-Crocodile river-City of Crocodilon-Hamlet of Zerça, and perfidy of its p. 389 inhabitants. СНАР. Route from Cæfarea to Artur, and thence to Jaffa -City of Affor or Apollonia-Sieges which it Route to Rama-Village of Zagur, and neigh- bouring mofque-Plains of Sharon-Betgè and Serfend-Olive trees in the neighbourhood- Arrival at Rama-Curious refearches refpecting the ancient Arabia-Origin of the first Arabs- Gafar-Job's wells-Author meets with different bodies of Arabs-Village of St. JeremiahValley of Terebint. P. 433 Of the city of Jerufalem-Europeans must enter it by the Gate of Damafcus-Reception which the Author met with from the Fathers of the Holy Land-Europeans found there-Religi ous ceremonies practifed towards travellersWhy the Armenians voluntarily fubmit to the bad treatment of the Arabs. P. 441 TRAVELS TRAVELS THROUGH CYPRUS, SYRIA, AND PALESTINE, СНАР. I. OF THE ISLAND AND KINGDOM OF CYPRUS IN GENERAL. CYPRUS, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, belonging to Turkey in Afia, is fituated under the fifty-fecond degree of eaft longitude, and the thirty-fifth of north latitude, between the coast of Syria and that of Cilicia, at prefent called Caramania. This country was formerly known by a great many different names. Pliny calls it Acamantis, Ceraftis, Afphelia, Amathusia, Macaria, Cryptos, and Colinia *. In other historians it may be found under the denomination of Chetime, Erofa, Paphos, and Salamis; and, in the poets, under that of Cythera: the latter made it the birth-place of Venus, and the abode of the Graces; hence those charming defcriptions which they have given of it; and thofe enchanting fcenes of which, VOL. I. according B Plin. lib. v. cap. 31. according to their account, it was the theatre. Their ingenious painting has perpetuated the illufion; and the names of Cythera, Paphos, and Amathonthe, thofe fpots more peculiarly confecrated to the goddefs of pleasure, ftill awaken the most agreeable and delightful ideas. This island contained formerly nine kingdoms, tributary to Egypt, and foon after to the Romans. From the emperors of the weft it paffed to thofe of the east but it was taken from them by the Arabs, nder the reign of Heraclius. Ifaac, a prince of the family of the Comenii, who governed it with the title of Duke, being fired with ambition, seized on the whole ifland, and established himself fovereign of it. The weaknefs of the empire for a long time favoured the views of the ufurper; but, in 1191, Richard the First, king of England, deprived him of it, together with his life. Being afterwards fold by this monarch to the Templars, difference of religion caufed the inhabitants to take up arms against their new fovereigns; and the knights apprehending that they fhould not be able to keep peaceable poffeffion of it, delivered it back to Richard, who renounced it in favour of Guy de Lufignan. In 1460, Charlotte, the laft heirefs of this family, was expelled from it by James, her natural brother. She married Lewis of Savoy; and on this account the dukes of that country still affume the title of King of Cyprus. After the death of James, Catherine Cornaro, his widow, finding herself without male children, made over this kingdom in 1480 to the republic of Venice. But they did not long enjoy their acquifition the Turks rendered themfelves mafters of it in 1570, and every thing concurred to fecure their conqueft. But how comes it that thefe people, reftlefs and rebellious under their firft fovereigns, fubmit with fo much docility to the yoke of |