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CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
First discovery of the river.-Natives friendly.-British ship.-Brig Jennet.-Snow Sea
Otter.-The Globe.-Alert.-Guatimozin.—Atahualpa.-Lewis and Clarke.-Vancou-
ver.-Hamilton.-Derby.-Pearl.-Albatross.-First house built in 1810.-Astor's
settlement. The Tonquin.-Astor's Company betrayed to the Northwest Com-
pany....... .Page 13
CHAPTER II.
The country restored.-The order.-Description of Astoria.-Different parties.-North-
west Fur Company.-Astor's plan.-Conflict of the two British fur companies.—
The treaties.-The Solkirk settlement.-Its object.-The company asserts char-
tered rights as soon as united... 20
CHAPTER III,
English Hudson's Bay effort to secure Oregon.-British claim to Oregon.-Dr.
McLaughlin's relation to the company.-Treatment of Red River settlers.-A
mistake. Sir Edward Belcher.-Duplicity of the Hudson's Bay Company.-A
noble man.-An Englishman's opinion of the Hudson's Bay Company.-Sir
James Douglas's testimony.-J. Ross Browne.-Duty of an historian.-Cause and
effect..
CHAPTER IV.
27
Care of Great Britain for her fur companies.-Columbia Fur Company.-Astor's second
fur company.-Major Pilcher's fur company.-Loss of the ship Isabel.-Captain
Bonneville's expedition.-Cause of his failure.-Captain Wyeth's, 1832.-Indians
ask for missionaries in 1833.-Methodist Mission.-Fort Hall established.-Fort
Boise....
CHAPTER V.
36
Extent and power of Hudson's Bay Company.-Number of forts.-Location.-Policy.-
Murder of Mr. Black.-McKay.-Manner of dealing with Indians.-Commander of
fort kills an Indian.-Necessity of such a course.-Hudson's Bay Company not
responsible for what their servants do....... 42
CHAPTER VI.
Murder of John McLaughlin, Jr.-Investigation by Sir George Simpson and Sir James
Douglas....
CHAPTER VII.
.....
46
Treatment of Indians.-Influence of Hudson's Bay Company.-Rev. Mr. Barnley's state-
ment. First three years.-After that.-Treatment of Jesuits.-Of Protestants.-Of
Indians. Not a spade to commence their new mode of life.-Mr. Barnley's state-
ment.-Disappointed. His mistake.-Hudson's Bay Company disposed to crush
their own missionaries...
55
CHAPTER VIII.
Petition of Red River settlers.-Their requests, from 1 to 14.-Names.-Governor.
Christie's reply.-Company's reply.-Extract from minutes.-Resolutions, from 1 to
9.-Enforcing rules.-Land deed.--Its condition.-Remarks....
CHAPTER IX.
.. Page 61
Puget Sound Agricultural Company.-Its original stock.-A correspondence.-No law
to punish fraud.-A supposed trial of the case.-Article four of the treaty.-The
witnesses. Who is to receive the Puget Sound money.-Dr. Tolmie, agent of the
company. The country hunted up.-Difficult to trace a fictitious object.-State-
ment of their claim.-Result of the investigation....
CHAPTER X.
67
Case of The Hudson's Bay Company v. The United States.-Examination of Mr.
McTavish.-Number of witnesses.-Their ignorance.-Amount claimed.-Original
stock.-Value of land in Oregon.-Estimate of Hudson's Bay Company's prop-
erty.-Remarks of author.....
CHAPTER XI.
81
Quotation from Mr. Swan.-His mistake.-General Gibbs' mistake.-Kamaiyahkan.-
Indian agent killed.-J. J. Stevens misjudged...
CHAPTER XII.
92
Review of Mr. Greenhow's work in connection with the conduct and policy of the
Hudson's Bay Company.-Schools and missionaries.-Reasons for giving extracts
from Mr. Greenhow's work.-Present necessity for more knowledge about the
company....
CHAPTER XIII.
96
Occupants of the country.-Danger to outsiders.-Description of missionaries..... 106
CHAPTER XIV.
Missionary outfit.-On the way.-No roads.-An English nobleman.-A wagon taken
along.-Health of Mrs. Spalding.-Meeting mountain men and Indians.-A feast
to the Indians..
CHAPTER XV.
113
Arrival at American rendezvous.-An Indian procession.-Indian curiosity to see white
women.-Captain N. Wyeth.-McCleod and T. McKay.-Description of mountain
men. Their opinion of the missionaries...
CHAPTER XVI.
121
Missionaries travel in company with Hudson's Bay Company's party.-The Lawyer's
kindness.-Arrival at Fort Hall.-Description of the country. The Salmon In-
dians.-The Hudson's Bay Company's tariff...
CHAPTER XVII.
130
An explanation.-Instructions of company.-Their tyranny.-Continuation of journey.—
Fording rivers.-Arrival at Boise.-Dr. Whitman compelled to leave his wagon. 136
CHAPTER XVIII.
Arrival at Fort Wallawalla.-Reception.-The fort in 1836.-Voyage down the Colum-
bia River.-Portage at Celilo.-At Dalles.-A storm.-The Flatheads.-Portage at
the Cascades.... 142
Fort Vancouver in 1836.-An extra table.-Conditions on which cattle were supplied
to settlers.-Official papers.-Three organizations..
CHAPTER XX.
...Page 150
Settlers in 1836.-Wallamet Cattle Company.-What good have the missionaries done?
-Rev. J. Lee and party.-The Hudson's Bay Company recommend the Wal-
lamet.-Rev. S. Parker arrives at Vancouver..
CHAPTER XXI.
154
Arrival of Rev. Mr. Beaver and wife.-His opinion of the company.-A double-wedding.
-Mrs. Spalding and Mrs. Whitman at Vancouver.-Men explore the country and
locate stations.-Their opinion of the country.-Indian labor.-A winter trip down
Snake River......
CHAPTER XXII.
162
The French and American settlers.-Hudson's Bay Company's traveling traders.-The
Flatheads. Their manner of traveling.-Marriage. Their honesty.-Indian fight
and scalp dance.--Fight with the Sioux.-At Council Bluffs...
169
CHAPTER XXIII.
Re-enforcement to the Methodist Mission.-Re-enforcement to the mission of the Ameri-
can Board...
175
CHAPTER XXIV.
Arrival of Jesuit missionaries.-Toupin's statement about Rev. A. B. Smith-Death of
Mrs. Jason Lee-First express.-Jesuits at work.-The first printing-press.-The
Catholic tree...
CHAPTER XXV.
180
Independent missionaries arrive. Their troubles.-Conversion of Indians at the Dalles.
Their motives.-Emigrants of 1839.-Blubber-Mouth Smith.-Re-enforcement of
the Methodist Mission in 1840.-Father De Smet.-Rev. Harvey Clark and asso-
ciates.-Ewing Young.-Names of missionaries and settlers.... 185
CHAPTER XXVI.
1840.-Petition to Congress of United States.-British subjects amenable to the laws of
Canada.-Mr. Douglas as justice of the peace.-Mr. Leslie as judge........
CHAPTER XXVII.
193
Death of Ewing Young.-First public attempt to organize a provisional government.—
Origin of the provisional government.-First Oregon schooner..
CHAPTER XXVIII.
199
Lee and Hines explore the Umpqua River.--Mr. Hines tells a story.-Massacre and
plunder of Smith's party by the Indians.-Sympathy of the Hudson's Bay
Company.-Extract from the San Francisco Bulletin.
CHAPTER XXIX.
205
Missionaries leaving.-Hudson's Bay Company's Gold Exchange.--Population in
1842.-Whitman and Lovejoy start for the States.-The Red River emigra
tion.-American merchants.--Settlers not dependent on the Hudson's Bay Com-
pany.-Milling Company.-The Oregon Institute.-Dr. Elijah White.-Proceed-
ings at a public meeting.-Correspondence with the War Department......
211
CHAPTER XXX
Dispatch of Dr. White to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.-He praises the Hudson's
Bay Company.-His account of the Indians.-Indian outrages.-Dr. White's expe-
dition to the Nez Percés.-Indian council.-Speeches.-Electing a chief.-Laws of
the Nez Percés.-Visit to the Cayuses.-Doings of the missionaries.-Drowning
of Mr. Rogers and family.-George Geere.-Volcanoes.-Petition against Governor
McLaughlin.... ..Page 218
CHAPTER XXXI.
Letter of H. H. Spalding to Dr. White.-Account of his mission among the Nez
Percés.-Schools.-Cultivation.-Industrial arts.-Moral character.-Arable land.
-Letter of Commissioner of Indian Affairs to the Secretary of War...
CHAPTER XXXII.
........
234
Dr. E. White's letter to the Secretary of War.-Excitement among the Indians.-Visit
to Nez Percés, Cayuses, and Wallawallas.-Destitution and degradation of the
Coast Indians.-Dr. White eulogizes Governor McLaughlin and the Hudson's Bay
Company.-Schools and missions.-Mr. Jesse Applegate.-Dr. White's second
letter.-Letters of Peter H. Hatch and W. H. Wilson.-Seizure of a distillery.-
Search for liquor.-Letter of James D. Saules.-Fight with Indians.-Death of
Cockstock. Description and character of him.-The Molallos and Klamaths.-
Agreement with the Dalles Indians.-Presents to Cockstock's widow.-Dr. White's
third letter.-Letter of Rev. G. Hines to Dr. White.-Letter of W. Medill.... 241
CHAPTER XXXIII.
First council to organize a provisional government.-Library founded.-Origin of the
Wolf Association.-The Methodist Mission influence.-Dr. White exhibits his
credentials. First "wolf meeting."-Proceedings of the second "wolf meeting."-
Officers.-Resolutions.-Bounties to be paid.-Resolution to appoint a committee
of twelve for the civil and military protection of the settlement.-Names of the
members of the committee... 260
CHAPTER XXXIV.
First meeting of the committee of twelve.-All invited to participate.-The Rev. J. Lee
and Mr. Abernethy ridicule the organization.—Mr. Lee tells a story.-Letter from
Governor Abernethy.-The main question at issue.-Drowning of Cornelius Rogers
and party. Conduct of Dr. White.-Methodist Mission.-Catholic boasts of con-
versions..
CHAPTER XXXV.
268
Meetings to oppose organization.-Address of the French-Canadians.-Criticisms on it
by the author.-The Jesuits.-Jesuit oath.-Article from Cincinnati Beacon... 273
CHAPTER XXXVI.
The meeting at Champoeg.-Tactics of the Jesuit party.-Counter-tactics of the Ameri-
cans. A division and its result.-Public record.-Opposition to clergymen as
legislators. Mr. Hines as an historian.-His errors.-Importance of Mr. Hines'
history. Difficulty among the Indians.-Cause of the difficulty.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
279
Whitman's visit to Washington.-A priest's boast.-A taunt, and Whitman's reply.-
Arrival in Washington.-Interview with Secretary Webster.-With President
Tyler. His return. Successful passage of the Rocky Mountains with two hun-
dred wagons.-His mill burned during his absence...
288
CHAPTER
XXXVIII.
9
Petition of the citizens of Oregon in 1843.-Complaints against the Hudson's Bay
Company. The Milling Company.-Kicking the half-bushel.-Land claims of Dr.
McLaughlin.-Names of the signers.-Reasons for not signing.-Notice, deed, and
bond of John McLaughlin.-Claim of Alvin F. Waller....
CHAPTER XXXIX.
..Page 292
Extracts from Mr. Hines' history.-Attempt to capture an Indian horse-thief. Dr.
McLaughlin refuses to sell supplies to the signers of the petition.-Excitement in
the settlement.-Interview with Dr. McLaughlin at Vancouver..
CHAPTER XL.
304
A combination of facts.-Settlers alive to their danger.-Mr. Hines' disparagement of
the Methodist Mission.-Indians want pay for being whipped.-Indian honesty.—
Mr. Hines' opinion of the Indians' religion.—Mr. Geiger's advice.-Dr. McLaughlin's
answer to Yellow Serpent.-Baptiste Doreo.-Four conflicting influences....
CHAPTER XLI.
309
Governor Simpson and Dr. Whitman in Washington.-Interviews with Daniel Webster
and President Tyler.-His cold reception in Boston by the American Board.--
Conducts a large emigration safely across the Rocky Mountains into Oregon.-The
"Memorial Half-Century Volume."-The Oregon mission ignored by the American
Board.-Dr. McLaughlin.-His connection with the Hudson's Bay Company.-
Catholic Cayuses' manner of praying-Rev. C. Eells.-Letter from A. L. Lovejoy.
-Description of Whitman's and Lovejoy's winter journey from Oregon to Bent's
Fort on the Arkansas River... 315
CHAPTER XLII
Assembly of the Nez Percés, Cayuses, and Wallawallas.-Mock fight.-Council with
the Indians.--Speeches by Yellow Serpent, Tilokaikt, the Prince, and Illutin.-
The secret of the whole difficulty.-John, the Kanaka.-A cow for a horse.-Kill-
ing of a medicine woman..
328
CHAPTER XLIII.
The Legislative Committee of nine.-Hon. Robert Moore, chairman.-Description
of the members.-Minutes of their proceedings.-Dr. R. Newell, his character.—
Two specimens of his speeches.-The dark clouds..... 336
CHAPTER XLIV.
Fourth of July, 1843.-Oration by Mr. Hines.-Meeting of July 5.-Debate on the
land law. How the Jesuits and the Hudson's Bay Company secured their land
claims. Speech of the Rev. G. Hines against the proposed Executive Committee.
-The committee supported by O'Neil, Shortess, and Lee.-W. H. Gray closes the
debate. The report of the committee adopted.-Committee appointed to report to
Congress, another to make a Digest of Territorial laws, and a third to prepare and
administer an oath of office... 346
CHAPTER XLV.
Organic laws.-Resolutions-Districts.-Militia law.-Land claims.-Certificate... 353
CHAPTER XLVI.
Description of the State House.-Conduct of the French settlers.-Arrival of Dr. Whit-
man's party of immigrants.-Prosperity of the settlers.-Change in the policy of
the Hudson's Bay Company.-Their exorbitant claims..
360