maximum prescribed for women in this State. Of the 21 forewomen reported in this group of industries the average weekly earnings per person were $9.76 and the average number of hours worked was 50.9. 3. HOURLY EARNINGS. In the foregoing pages, weekly earnings, showing the bearing of working hours on wages, have been discussed. For exact comparisons earnings reduced to an hourly basis are, of course, much more satisfactory. The reduction of the earnings of all the employees to an hourly basis entailed much computation. The hourly earnings were computed by dividing the actual amounts received by the employees during a representative week by the number of hours actually worked, and must not be confused with hourly rates. In considering the data relative to earnings it must be borne in mind that differences shown are due to the net effect of short time and overtime as well as to differences in hourly rates. The hourly earnings of all male and female employees whose hours of labor were reported are shown below for all occupations, and separately for productive occupations, general occupations in the producing departments, and for the power, mechanical, and yard force. TABLE 7.-Number and Percentages of Employees Earning Specified Amounts per Hour, Classified by Sex and Industries. 1 Not including 30 males whose hourly earnings could not be determined. 2 Not including 761 females whose hourly earnings could not be determined. TABLE 7.- Number and Percentages of Employees Earning Specified Amounts per Hour, Classified by Sex and Industries - Concluded. Paper Box Making. Considering the employees in the paper box industry, regardless of occupations, we find that over one-half, 1,036, or 60.8 per cent of the male workers, earned 20 cents but less than 40 cents 1 Not including five males whose hourly earnings could not be determined. * Not including 530 females whose hourly earnings could not be determined. an hour (28.8 per cent earning 20 cents but less than 25), and that 1,959, or 57.2 per cent of the female employees, earned 10 cents but less than 18 cents an hour. In each of the occupation groups for males the largest number of employees was concentrated in the group earning 20 cents but under 40 cents an hour, the percentages being 52.8 in the productive occupations (26.1 earning 20 cents but less than 25 cents), 69.4 in the general occupations, producing departments (30.2 per cent earning 20 cents but less than 25), and 82.1 in the power, mechanical, and yard occupations (42.5 per cent earning 20 cents but less than 25 cents). Somewhat over one-half of the female employees in each occupation group earned 10 cents but less than 18 cents an hour, the percentages being 56.5 for productive occupations and 67.9 for the general occupations, producing departments. Of the three industries studied the level of hourly earnings for females was highest in this industry group, 25.9 per cent receiving 18 cents or over an hour as compared with 17.6 per cent in the envelope industry, and 14.0 per cent in the manufacture of other paper products. Envelope Making. In a consideration of the male employees in this industry, regardless of occupations, we find that 571, or 64.5 per cent, earned 20 cents but less than 40 cents an hour and 10.0 per cent earned 40 cents or over an hour, these two classes of employees forming nearly three-fourths (74.5 per cent) of all the male workers. In each of the specified occupation groups the largest number of males was found to be earning 20 cents but less than 40 cents an hour, the percentages being 68.1 in the productive occupations, 53.1 in the general occupations, producing departments, and 84.4 in the power, mechanical, and yard occupations. Of the three industries considered the level of hourly earnings. for males was by far the highest in the envelope industry, over onefourth (27.7 per cent) receiving 30 but less than 40 cents an hour as compared with 13.3 per cent receiving the same amounts in the paper box industry, and 16.3 per cent in the manufacture of other paper products, while 10.0 per cent earned 40 cents or over an hour in this industry as compared with 2.8 per cent in the paper box industry and 6.2 per cent in the manufacture of other paper products. Among the female employees, considered without regard to occupations, we find that 74.4 per cent earned 10 cents but less than 18 cents an hour, and in both the productive occupations and the general occupations, producing departments, the largest number of female workers was found in the same group, the percentages being 73.2 and 78.9, respectively. Other Paper Products. Considering the employees engaged in the manufacture of other paper products we find that over one-half, 1,212, or 54.7 per cent of the male workers earned 20 cents but less than 40 cents. an hour, and that 1,047, or 68.9 per cent of the female employees, earned 10 cents but less than 18 cents an hour. Of the male employees engaged in the productive occupations, 639, or 48.7 per cent earned 20 but less than 40 cents an hour, and nearly one-third (31.6 per cent) earned 14 but less than 20 cents an hour. The percentage of females earning 10 cents but less than 18 cents an hour in the productive occupations was 70.1. Of the employees in the general occupations, producing departments, 61.9 per cent of the males earned 20 but less than 40 cents an hour, and 59.8 per cent of the females earned 10 cents but less than 18 cents an hour. In the power, mechanical, and yard occupations 70.3 per cent of the employees earned 20 cents but less than 40 cents an hour, over one-fourth (28.6 per cent) of all the employees in this occupation group earning 30 cents but less than 40 cents an hour. The following summary table illustrates the distribution of the employees by classified hourly earnings. TABLE 8. Number and Percentage of Employees Earning Specified Amounts per Hour, Classified by Sex, Age, and Industries. 1 Not including 30 males and 761 females whose hourly earnings could not be determined. TABLE 8. Number and Percentages of Employees Earning Specified Amounts per Hour, Classified by Sex, Age, and Industries - Concluded. 1 Not including eight males whose hourly earnings could not be determined. Paper Box Making. The total number of employees in the paper box industry for whom the actual hours worked were recorded on the payrolls was 5,133, of whom 1,578, or 30.7 per cent, were males 16 years of age and over, 125 were males under 16 years of age, 2,846, or 55.5 per cent, were females 16 years of age and over, and 584 were females under 16 years of age. Of the 5,133 employees in this industry, over one-fifth (22.4 per cent) earned 12 cents and under 16 cents an hour, and the same percentage of employees (22.4) earned 16 but less than 20 cents an hour; one-fourth (25.8 per cent) earned 20 cents but less than 30 cents an hour; and 5.1 per cent earned 30 cents but less than 40 cents an hour. The 1,199 employees who received less than 12 cents an hour formed 23.4 per cent of the total number of employees, and the 48 who received 40 cents or more an hour formed less than one per cent (0.9); the two classes of employees receiving these extremes in wages formed 24.3 per cent of all the employees. Envelope Making. The total number of employees engaged in the manufacture of envelopes for whom the actual hours worked were recorded on the pay-rolls was 1,997, of whom 834, or 41.8 per cent, were males 16 years of age and over, 51 were males under 16 years of age, 969, or 48.5 per cent, were females 16 years of age and over, and 143 were females under 16 years of age. Over one-third (39.2 per cent) of the 1,997 wage-earners earned 12 cents but less than 18 cents an hour; 6.0 per cent received 18 but less |