IMMIGRANT ALIENS DESTINED FOR AND EMI GRANT ALIENS DEPARTED FROM 1. INTRODUCTORY. Endeavor has been made in preparing this report2 to show the volume and character of that portion of the immigration to the United States which was destined for Massachusetts, and of that portion of the emigrant population of Massachusetts which departed from this Commonwealth to take up a permanent residence abroad. The data herein presented have been selected from the Annual Reports of the Commissioner-General of Immigration for the years 1896 to 1914, and from the Annual Report of the Superintendent of Immigration for the year1 1895. 2. IMMIGRANT ALIENS' DESTINED FOR MASSACHUSETTS. The number of immigrant aliens admitted to the United States and destined for Massachusetts during the year ending June 30, 1914, was 93,200, which was less by over 8,000 than the number so destined in 1913, notwithstanding the fact that the aggregate number admitted to the United States, 1,218,480, was greater by over 20,000 than the number admitted in 1913. The proportion destined for Massachusetts of the aggregate number admitted to the United States was 7.6 per cent, the smallest percentage since 1908, when 7.3 per cent of those admitted to the United States were destined for Massachusetts. During the past 20 years there has been considerable variation from 1 The years referred to throughout this article are in each case the years ending June 30. 2 This report is the tenth annual presentation by this Bureau on the subject of immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts, previous presentations having been published in Labor Bulletins Nos. 38 (December, 1905), 49 (May, 1907), 56 (January, 1908), 63 (April, 1909), 75 (August, 1910), 81 (May, 1911), 90 (March, 1912), Part I of the Annual Report on the Statistics of Labor for 1912, and 99 (April, 1914). 3 "Arriving aliens whose permanent domicile has been outside the United States who intend to reside permanently in the United States are classed as immigrant aliens; departing aliens whose permanent residence has been in the United States who intend to reside permanently abroad are classed as emigrant aliens; all alien residents of the United States making a temporary trip abroad and all aliens residing abroad making a temporary trip to the United States are classed as non-emigrant aliens on the outward journey and non-immigrant on the inward." - Report of Commissioner-General of Immigration, 1913, page 6. year to year in the total number of immigrants to the United States and also in the number destined for Massachusetts. The number admitted to the United States did not exceed 343,267 during any one of the years 1895 to 1899. In 1900 the number admitted was 448,572 and from year to year thereafter, with the exception of 1904, it increased by large additions until 1907, when there were 1,285,349 admitted. This was the record year both for the United States and for Massachusetts. In 1908 the number admitted to the United States decreased by over 500,000 as compared with 1907, and 1909 showed even a smaller total than 1908. In 1910 the number increased to 1,041,570, fell to 878,587 in 1911, and to 838,172 in 1912, but in 1913 it increased to 1,197,892, and in 1914 to 1,218,480, or to within 67,000 of the record in 1907. From the monthly summaries of the Federal Bureau of Immigration it appears that during the nine months July, 1914, to March, 1915, inclusive, the volume of immigration to the United States has shown a remarkable decrease due, no doubt, partly to the European War and partly to the recent industrial depression in this country. The number of immigrant aliens admitted during the period of nine months was only 253,501, as compared with 919,071 admitted during the corresponding nine months of the fiscal year ending in 1914. The number of emigrant aliens who departed from the United States during the period was 176,166, or about 42,000 less than during the corresponding period of the fiscal year ending in 1914. As only 253,501 immigrant aliens were admitted during the period, the net addition to the population of the country through immigration was only 77,335 during the nine months, as compared with a net addition of 700,491 during the corresponding period of the previous fiscal year. The Slavs, who during recent years have constituted a very large proportion of the total number of immigrant aliens admitted to this country, showed during the first nine months of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1915, a remarkable decrease as compared with the number admitted during the corresponding nine months of the previous fiscal year, the number admitted having been only 22,771 as compared with 236,863 during the corresponding period of the previous fiscal year. Likewise the Italians (North and South) showed a great reduction in the number admitted, the comparative figures being 41,875 and 222,939 for the corresponding periods. For certain other races marked reductions may be noted, thus, for the Germans, the comparative numbers were 17,351 and 58,322; for the English, 29,979 and 38,110; Scandinavians, 18,146 and 24,691; and for the French, 9,494 and 13,592. TABLE I.-Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Admitted to the United CHART. Immigrant Aliens Admitted to the United States and Destined for Massachu 1 In this table the returns for the years 1906-1914 are not strictly comparable with those for the earlier years, because in 1905 and in prior years all aliens arriving at ports of the United States, with the exception of those merely in transit to other countries, were reported as "alien arrivals." During the years 1906-1914 there have been segregated from those arriving not only aliens in transit, but all aliens returning from visits abroad to resume previously established permanent domiciles in the United States, and all coming simply as visitors or tourists with the intention of returning to homes abroad. The totals for the years 1895 to 1905 are directly comparable with each other as they stand in the table. Massachusetts has always been one of the leading States as the declared destination of immigrants, ranking third or fourth for over 20 years, and having been exceeded during that period only by New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. During the period 1895-1904 it was exceeded only by New York and Pennsylvania. In recent years there has been a marked change in the sources of immigration. A large part of our immigration was formerly of Teutonic and Celtic origin, but for several years the bulk of immigration has come from the countries of Eastern and Southern Europe and Western Asia. The number of such origin admitted to the United States in 1914 is 915,007, or about 75 per cent of all immigrants admitted. Although Massachusetts has received a smaller proportion of this immigration than the country as a whole, nevertheless, approximately 56 per cent of the immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts during the year 1914 were from these countries. The numbers of immigrant aliens admitted to the United States and to Massachusetts, together with the percentages of the number admitted who were destined for this State during the year ending June 30, 1914, are presented, by races or peoples, in Table II. The Italians (south) ranked first with 21,865, or 8.7 per cent of the total number admitted to the United States. Second in rank were the Polish with 10,019, or 8.2 per cent of the total number admitted, followed in numerical order by the Hebrew, 7,751; Irish, 6,133; Portuguese, 6,052; Greek, 5,745; and English, 5,556. For several years the Portuguese have shown the largest percentage destined for Massachusetts of any of the races or peoples represented in the aggregate immigration to the United States, the percentage in 1914 having been 62.7, as compared with 66.4 in 1913. The percentages for the several races or peoples showing over 10 per cent destined for Massachusetts in 1914 were: Portuguese, 62.7; Armenian, 22.5; African (black), 21.2; Irish, 18.1; Finnish, 17.0; Lithuanian, 15.1; Syrian, 13.6; French, 13.0; Scotch, 12.9; Greek, 12.5; English, 10.7; and Russian, 10.6. The percentages for these several races varied but little in most cases from the corresponding percentages for 1913 except that noticeable decreases in the percentages of Syrians, Portuguese, and French were shown and a rather marked increase in the percentage of African (black). 1 This number was divided as follows: Italy, (including Sicily and Sardinia), 283,738; Russian Empire, 255,660; Hungary, 143,321; Austria, 134,831; Greece, 35,832; Turkey in Asia, 21,716; Portugal (including Cape Verde and Azore Islands), 10,898; Bulgaria, Servia, and Montenegro, 9,189; Turkey in Europe, 8,199; Spain (including Canary and Balearic Islands), 7,591; and Roumania, 4,032. TABLE II. Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Admitted to the United States in 1914, and Averages for the Five-year Period, 1909-1913: By Races or Peoples. The races or peoples specified in Table II are those only which ranked highest with respect to the numbers destined for Massachusetts. There are, however, many peoples who come in great numbers to the United States, very few or practically none of whom are destined for this State. Thus, in 1914, out of 44,538 Magyars admitted to the United States only 67 were destined for Massachusetts; of 37,284 Croatians and Slovenians, only 91; of 25,819 Slovaks, only 135; and of 24,070 Roumanians, only 61. A comparison, by races or peoples, of the number of immigrants destined for Massachusetts in 1914 with the average annual numbers so destined during the five-year period, 1909-1913 (see Table II), shows that, in point of numbers, the Italians (south) and Polish ranked respectively first and second, both in 1914 and for the five-year period, while the Hebrews ranked third in 1914, rising from sixth place in rank for the five-year period. Nearly all of the races showed an increase during the fiscal year ending June 30, over the average annual number admitted the preceding five-year period. The percentage of increase was notably high in the following cases: Russian, 102.1; Ruthenian (Russniak), 101.2; African (black), 63.5; Hebrew, 55.5; Italian (north), 44.1; and |