Italian (south), 43.5. The leading races or peoples which showed decreases were the Irish, English, Scotch, French and Scandinavian, but the percentage of decrease was large only in the case of the French (38.9).

TABLE III. — Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts and Admitted to the United States in 1914, and Averages for the Five-year Period, 1909-1913: By Occupations.

Table III shows, by occupations, the numbers of immigrant aliens admitted to the United States, the numbers destined for Massachusetts, with the corresponding percentages for the year 1914, and averages for the five-year period 1909-1913. The number of immigrant aliens in professional occupations destined for Massachusetts in 1914 was 811, or 5.6 per cent of the 14,601 admitted to the United States. This proportion was the same as for the previous five-year period. Of those in professional occupations, teachers ranked first in point of numbers, but

1 A great many, doubtless the vast majority, of those recorded as "farm laborers" really come to this country to be ordinary unskilled laborers, with no intention of pursuing here the occupation previously followed abroad, but, naturally, they state on entry their former occupation. Report of the Commissioner-General, 1914, page 28.

the number of sculptors and artists showed a remarkable increase during the year as compared with the average number for the five-year period.

The total number of skilled workmen destined for Massachusetts was 11,992, or 6.9 per cent of the total number of skilled workpeople admitted to the United States. The occupations showing the largest numbers of skilled workpeople destined for Massachusetts were: Tailors, 1,887; carpenters and joiners, 1,122; shoemakers, 1,056; and clerks and accountants, 1,047. The number of weavers and spinners destined for Massachusetts showed a decrease in 1914, the number for the year being only 744, as compared with an average annual number of 1,117 for the previous five-year period.

There were 57,496 miscellaneous unskilled workpeople who were destined for Massachusetts in 1914, or 8.1 per cent of the 710,456 admitted to the United States. Of this number of unskilled workpeople 22,632 were farm laborers, 17,886 were classified as laborers,1 and 14,325 were servants. The increase in the number of farm laborers over the average annual number of farm laborers destined for Massachusetts during the previous five-year period was notably large.

The total number of immigrant aliens entering this State in 1914 having no occupation (including women and children) was 22,901, or 7.2 per cent of the 320,215 admitted to the United States, while the corresponding per cent for the five-year period was 7.7.

Table IV shows, by races or peoples, for each of the several years, 1910 to 1914, the numbers of immigrant aliens destined for Massachusetts with the corresponding totals for the five-year period.

TABLE IV. - Immigrant Aliens Destined for Massachusetts, 1910-1914: By Races or

A consideration of Table IV shows that the Italians (south), with 21,865 persons destined for Massachusetts in 1914, far outranked any other race or people represented in the returns for the entire period; the Poles ranked second with 13,627 in 1913, and the Portuguese third with 9,002 in 1913. The largest numbers of Italians (both north and south), Hebrew, African (black), and Ruthenian (Russniak), were destined for this State in 1914; of the Polish, Portuguese, Greeks, Russians, Lithuanians, Armenians, and Syrians, the largest numbers were in 1913; of the Irish, in 1911; and of the English, Scotch, French, Finnish, Scandinavians, and Germans, in 1910.

3. EMIGRANT ALIENS DEPARTED FROM MASSACHUSETTS. Data showing the number of emigrant aliens who departed from the United States and from Massachusetts in 1914, classified by races or peoples, with comparative totals and corresponding percentages for the five years 1909-1913, are presented in the following table:

TABLE V. Emigrant Aliens Departed from Massachusetts and from the United States in 1914, and Averages for the Years 1909-1913: By Races or Peoples.

* Includes 31,421 whose last United States residence was unknown, and who departed via Canadian border, as reported by the Canadian Government. For 17,819 persons the race was not reported.

* Includes 38,511 persons (average number) whose last United States residence was unknown, and who departed via Canadian border, as reported by Canadian Government. For 18,619 persons (average number) the race was not reported.

The total number of emigrant aliens who departed from the United States in 1914 was 303,338, of which number 15,983, or 5.3 per cent, departed from Massachusetts. The net increase in the alien population of the United States (represented by excess of immigration over emigration) during the year 1914 was 915,142, no deduction being made, however, for the number of naturalized citizens who left this country for permanent residence abroad. Corresponding data for Massachusetts show that the net gain in population (represented by immigration in excess of emigration) was 77,217.

The races represented by over 1,000 emigrants from Massachusetts in 1914 are Italian (south), 4,312; Polish, 2,723; Greek, 1,153; and Lithuanian, 1,058. There were several races (not specified in Table V) which showed a large emigration from the United States, but comparatively few emigrants from Massachusetts. Thus, of the 14,440 Croatians and Slovenians who departed from the United States only 41 departed from Massachusetts; of the 14,254 Magyars, only 48; of the 11,786 Slovaks, only 54; of the 5,780 Bulgarians, Servians and Montenegrins, only 32; of the 5,049 Ruthenians (Russniak), only 44; of the 3,837 Roumanians, only nine; and of the 3,214 Spaniards, only 35.

TABLE VI.-Immigrant Aliens Destined for and Emigrant Aliens Departed from Massachusetts in 1914 and Averages for 1909-1913: By Races or Peoples.

The net increase or decrease in 1914 in the alien population of Massachusetts (represented by the excess of immigration over emigration) is shown, by races or peoples, in Table VI. The largest net gains were: Italian (south), 17,553; Hebrew, 7,592; Polish, 7,296; Irish, 5,650; Portuguese, 5,157; English, 4,961; and Greek, 4,592.

The numbers of emigrant aliens who departed from this State and from the United States in 1914, and the average annual numbers for the period 1909-1913, are given by occupations, in the following table.

TABLE VII. Emigrant Aliens Departed from Massachuestts and from the United States in 1914, and Averages for the Years 1909-1913: By Occupations.