being levelled at his honour and conscience, as their other malices were at his life, after hearing one or two of them read to him, he resolved not to sully the splendour of his former virtues with too impotent a desire of life. His soul applied itself to such duties of religion, as reading, praying, confession of sins, supplication for enemies, holy communions and conferences, and such offices of humanity as sending legacies to his wife and exile children, and exhorting those at home admitted to him Jan. 29 to this purpose, his last words to them being taken in writing, and communicated to the world by the Lady Elizabeth his daughter, a lady of most eminent endowments,* who, though born to the supremest fortune, yet lived in continual tears, and died confined at Carisbrook in the Isle of Wight. Till at last, (all endeavours for preventing so great a guilt failing,) even Col. Downes, one of their own members, attempting a mutiny in the army, and the Lord Fairfax being resolved with his own regiment to hinder the murther, until the conspirators in vain urging, That the Lord had rejected him,' took him aside to seek the Lord, while their instruments hasten the execution by private order, and then they call that a return of their prayers. On the fatal day, Jan. 30, 1649, having desired five preachers, sent to pray WITH him by the junto, to pray For him if they pleased, telling them, he was resolved, that they who had so often and so causelessly prayed AGAINST him, should not, in his agony, pray WITH him; and preparing himself with his own devotion in the offices of the church, he was strengthened in his sufferings by the sufferings of his Saviour, whose body and blood he received that morning, and the history of whose passion fell to be the chapter of the day of his. So that he came cheerfully from St. James's to Whitehall, often calling on his slow guards that kept not pace with him, to move faster, with these words, I now go before you to strive for an heavenly crown, with less solicitude than I formerly have led my soldiers for an earthly diadem ;' with extraordinary alacrity ascending the stairs leading to the long gallery, and so to the cabinet chamber; whence, his supplications being ended, he went through the banquetting-house to the adjoining scaffold, with the same spirit he used to ascend his throne, shewing no fear of death but a solicitude for those that were to live after. He thought it to as little purpose to harangue the army as to compliment a mastiff or a tyger, and others were kept at such distance, that they might see but not hear; and therefore he expressed himself to those that stood near him."

"He wished me not to grieve and torment myself for him, for that would be a glorious death that he should die, it being for the laws and liberties of this land, and for maintaining the true Protestant religion. He bid me read Bishop Andrews's sermons, Hooker's Ecclesiastical Policy, and Bishop Laud's book against Fisher, which would ground me against Popery. He told me, he had forgiven all his enemies, and hoped God would forgive them also; and commanded us, and all the rest of my brothers and sisters, to forgive them &c."

4436 144

After stating the intrepid conduct of his Majesty on the scaffold, the historian concludes his narrative thus: "Then the King, making some pious and private ejaculations before the block, as before a desk of prayer, he submitted without that violence they intended for him, if he refused his sacred head to one stroke of an executioner, (that was disguised then, as the actors wereall along,) which severed it from his body.-So fell CHARLES the First, and so expired with him the liberty and glory of three nations ;* being made in that very place an instance of human frailty, where he used to shew the greatness and glory of majesty."

This is a true expression on the part of the venerable historian, as will be seen by a subsequent part of this Appendix: For, how enormous soever might have been some acts of administration during the reign of king Charles, the usurper who subsequently exercised the functions of royalty appears in several of his public measures to have adopted the sentiments of Rehoboam when he said to the people: "Whereas my predecessor did lade you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke: He hath chastised you with whips, but I will chastise you with scorpions."

In these notes I have produced many things in favour of King Charles the First and Archbishop Laud-two rather unpopular personages in the presen: age. But though unpopular on account of many transactions in which they were implicated, both of them were possessed of eminent virtues, which they displayed to the greatest advantage in the course of their unmerited misfortunes. In the exercise of strict impartiality, it becomes me to record their virtues as well as their failings; and when my readers have perused all that I have written, I hope it will be made as apparent to them as it has long been to myself, that their personal virtues far transcended the sum of their imputed failings. Another opportunity will occur for demonstrating that the British Constitution, even at the particular juncture of its deepest depression in the reign of King Charles, contained within itself copious materials for self-restoration; and that the violent course pursued by the Calvinistic mal-contents, was not that which the laws suggested for the redress of grievances. This has already been briefly proved in the ex-' tracts from Judge Jenkins.

I refer the reader to the Works of Arminius, (vol. 1. p. 456.) for my recorded opinions of King James and his unfortunate successor; and 1 now subjoin the concluding paragraph of that article, in proof of my exemption from criminal party bias in the narration of facts: "Such petty enterprizes as these, in which James was artfully enlisted, were degrading to the royal character; and the impetuosity with which he prosecuted them, tended greatly, in that new age of thought, to alienate men's minds from the regal dignity and the established institutions, which have their best security in the manifestations of affection and respect on the part of those for whose benefit they are sustained and administered. Flattered as the great pacificator of nations by those that needed his aid, and boasting in private of his successful cunning and policy, which he was pleased to call kingcraft,' his majesty imbibed very false ideas both of his own capabilities and of his royal power and prerogatives, and infused, into the minds of his children, the same unmanageable notions, which seemed to descend as by generation to the last of his unfortunate race. In forming a judgment concerning his immediate successor, we are too apt to contemplate Charles as an insulated personage; but if we consider the high veneration in which he held his royal father's published sentiments both on religion and politics, instead of viewing him as the self-tutored despot, we shall rather pity him as an obedient son, who, from mistaken yet conscientious motives, endeavoured to carry into practical effect those tyrannical principles about the truth of which neither his royal parent, nor any of those around his person, would ever suffer him to hesitate. But the decisive national crisis was far advanced at the very commencement of his reign, and had assumed a must

This Day is published, in Two Parts, Octavo, Price 20s. in Boards.

COMPARED IN

their principles and tendency;

OR

THE DOCTRINES

OF GENERAL REDEMPTION,

AS HELD BY THE MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH OF England,

AND BY THE EARLY DUTCH ARMINIANS,
EXHIBITED IN THEIR SCRIPTURAL EVIDENCE,

AND IN THEIR

CONNECTION WITH THE CIVIL AND
LIBERTIES OF MANKIND.

BY JAMES NICHOLS.

RELIGIOUS

Melancthonis ac Johannis Arndi discipulos ferme videas bonos ac lenes :_ Contra, Calvini asperos, et tales qualem in maximam partem humani generis Deum esse sibi imaginantur. Tantum refert quo utaris Doctore ! GROTIUS.

If it must be Arminianism to teach, that "the Ecclesiastical Power is subjected to the Civil Magistrate, who, in all causes over all persons, is acknowledged by us supreme under Christ," we must be content to lie down under that envy, and not excuse or renounce that piece of loyal Arminianism. HENRY HAMMOND, D. D.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, BROWN AND GREEN. AND SOLD BY JOHN HEATON, BRIGGATE, LEEDS, AND OTHER

BOOKSELLERS.

THE general nature and tendency of Arminianism, as taught by its amiable Founder, and his early disciples ;-the rise and progress of its scriptural and sanctifying principles in Holland, but more particularly in England;-the salutary influence which those principles, when embraced and maintained in their original purity, produce upon individual and social happiness, upon families and nations; and the long and complicated opposition which they encountered, from the followers of Calvin, prior to their final establishment in this country:-These are some of the numerous and important subjects discussed in the work which is now presented to the notice of the public.

In describing the difficulties with which English Arminianism was forced to contend, the author has introduced several comparisons between those who were its firm supporters and sufferers for its sake, and others who were its determined opposers. The widely-differing civil and religious principles, upon which the belligerent Calvinists and Arminians professed to act during the Civil Wars, receive ample notice, and are elucidated by large extracts from the Puritanic sermons before the Long Parliament,-from two Latin pamphlets, which Grotius wrote at that period to persuade the Scotch Calvinists and the English Puritans to deeds of peace, from above 140 of the letters of Grotius, which, with his two pamphlets, had never before been translated into our language,-from numerous Latin letters and treatises by Casaubon, Vossius, Courcelles, Amyraut, Martinius, Du Moulin, Poelenburgh, Ďury, Rivet, Episcopius, and from many other scarce documents, all of which serve to explain various important passages of our National History, as well as that of Arminianism.

This work likewise contains an ample account of those schemes of FUNDAMENTAL ARTICLES OF RELIGION, which were devised by various eminent men, who proved themselves generally to be the grand promoters of Civil and Religious Liberty. Among those worthies, the illustrious GROTIUS and the ill-fated but much-abused Archbishop LAUD deservedly occupy a prominent station; and their united labours, and very interesting correspondence, are now, for the first time, presented in an authentic form. In the Introduction it is said: "I have been purposely diffuse on this important topic, that I "might demonstrate the extreme aversion evinced by all the high Predestinarian Divines "to such broad foundations of Christian concord, and might contrast the narrowness of "the most famous of the Calvinistic schemes of Fundamentals with those of the more "Liberal Arminians. It was with a feeling of well-founded confidence, that I knew I "could take hold of one of the most objectionable of the reputed English Arminians, “Archbishop LAUD, and could prove the vast superiority of his benevolent viewe

LATELY PUBlished,

BY LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, BROWN, AND GREEN, In 1 Vol., 8vo, with a fine Portrait, Price 10s. 6d. Bds.,

1. THE LIFE OF JOHN GOODWIN, A. M., some time Fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, and Vicar of St. Stephen's, ColemanStreet, London. Comprising an Account of his Opinions and Writings, and of the Controversies in which he was engaged in Defence of Religious Liberty and of General Redemption: With a Review of several Public Transactions in Great Britain, during the Civil Wars and the Inter-Regnum. BY THOMAS JACKSON.

"It is somewhat remarkable, that no previous attempt has been made to furnish an authentic and comprehensive record of GOODWIN's life and character; especially as he was associated in political delinquency with the immortal author of Paradise Lost, and his name has so often been mentioned in connection with that of our great epic bard.

"In attempting to supply this desideratum, the author has three distinct objects in view. FIRST. He wishes to do justice to the memory of a man, whose character has long been greatly injured; a man who, with all his faults, was possessed of various excellences of a high order.-SECONDLY. He wishes, in some humble degree, to draw the attention of professing Christians to certain theological principles, which he believes to be perfectly scriptural, and admirably adapted to secure the honour of Divine Grace on the one hand, and to cut the sinews of Antinomianism on the other.-THIRDLY. The author is desirous of shewing the injury done to religion, and to religious characters, by the want of conscientious respect for the persons and authority of civil governors; and of enforcing the apostolical injunction, Be subject to every ordinance of man for the Lord's sake.'"

THIS DAY IS PUBLISHED,

In Two Volumes Octavo, Price One Guinea in Boards,

2. FIVE YEARS' RESIDENCE in the CANADAS: Including a Tour through Part of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, in 1823. By E. A. TALBOT, Esq., of the Talbot Settlement, Upper Canada.

"In communicating to the world the result of my observations on the Canadas, I have, according to modern usage, adopted the epistolary form, on account of the facilities which it affords to such a writer as myself in the free expression of his opinions; and chiefly because, under the familiar designation of a CORRESPONDENT, I am enabled to introduce numerous remarks that might appear too trivial, when delivered in the imposing formality of didactic composition. The extracts from the Journal, which I wrote during my excursion through the United States, I have presented to my readers in a consecutive and abridged narrative, that it might be complete by itself.

"I lie under no necessity to assure those who know my connections in life, as well as my principles, that my sentiments on several of the subjects discussed in these volumes, have been as maturely formed, as they are honestly and fearlessly declared; and that many of them are at variance with those of some persons whom I highly respect. But how erroneous soever these friends may deem certain views and conceptions which I entertain and have here published, it is a duty I owe to all other persons to affirm, that in no single instance have I enlisted wilful misrepresentation or personal obloquy in support of my positions; but have stated facts and reasoned upon them in a manner, which, I hope, the most scrupulous of my readers will consider to be at once fair and conscientious."

Also, in a few Days will be published,

The First Volume, with a fine Portrait, Price 14s. Bds., of THE WORKS OF JAMES ARMINIUS, D. D., formerly Professor of Divinity in the University of Leyden. Translated from the Latin. To which are added, BRANDT'S Life of the Author, with considerable augmentations; numerous Extracts from his private Letters; a copious and authentic Account of the Synod of Dort and its proceedings; and several interesting notices of the Progress of his Theological Opinions in Great Britain and on the Continent. BY JAMES NICHOLS.

The WORKS OF ARMINIUS will be completed in Three Volumes, Octavo. The publication of them has been delayed, on account of the elucidatory materials, which the Translator was desirous of presenting to the Public, in his "CALVINISM AND ARMINIANISM COMPARED IN THEIR PRINCIPLES AND TENDENCY," &c.