CHAPTER XXIX. THE TROOPS OF THE LINE. CAVALRY. Cavalry regiment; organizacion. Aug. 3, 1861, c. Mar. 3, 1863, c. 75, 1075. Artillery regiment; organi- 1080. Colored infantry regiments. zation. 1071. Each regiment of cavalry' shall consist of twelve. troops, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, three majors, 42, s. 12, v. 12, p. one adjutant, one quartermaster, one veterinary surgeon, 289: July 17, 1862, c. 201, s. 11, v. 12, with the rank of regimental sergeant-major, one sergeantp.599: Jan 6,1863, c. 7. v. 12. p. 634 major, one quartermaster-sergeant, one saddler-sergeant, s. 37, v. 12, p. 737 one chief musician, who shall be instructor of music, and one chief trumpeter. Two assistant surgeons may be 332; Mar. 3, 1869, allowed to each regiment, and the seventh, eighth, ninth 318; July 15, 1870, and tenth regiments shall have an additional veterinary 16, p. 318; July surgeon. The adjutant and the quartermaster of each reg19, p. 98; Aug. 15. iment shall be extra lieutenants, selected from the first or July 28, 1866, c. 299, s. 3, v. 14, p. c. 24, s. 5, v. 15, p. c. 294, ss. 9, 10, v. 24, 1876, c. 226, v. 1876, c. 301, v. 19, p. 204; Feb. 27, second lieutenants of the regiment.2 1877, c. 69, v. 19. pp. 241, 242. Sec. 1102, R.S. Of the several cavalry regiments now composing the peace establishment the The First Regiment of Dragoons, as the First Cavalry. Four regiments of cavalry, the Seventh. Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth, the Ninth and Tenth composed of colored men, were added to the establishment under the authority conferred by the act of July 28, 1866. The act of November 21, 1877 (20 Stat. L., 2), contained a proviso that "cavalry regiments may be recruited to one hundred men in each company, and kept as near as practicable at that number, and a sufficient force of cavalry shall be employed in the defense of the Mexican and Indian frontier of Texas: Procided, That nothing herein contained shall authorize the recruiting the number of men on the Army rolls, including Indian scouts and hospital stewards, beyond twenty-five thousand.", 2THE REGIMENTAL STAFF. The staff of a regiment consists of the adjutant and quartermaster, and they will be so designated. They will be appointed by the regimental commander, who will at once report his action to the Adjutant-General by telegraph; the appointment of Cavalry troop. July 28, 1866, c. 299, s. 3, v. 14, p. 372; July 17, 1862, p.599; Jan.6, 1863, 7. v. 12, p. 634; Mar. 3, 1863, c. 75, 8. 10, v. 16, p. 318. Sec. 1103, R. S. Apr. 26, 1898, 1072. Each troop of cavalry shall consist of one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster-sergeant, five sergeants, four c. 201. §. 11, v. 12, corporals, two trumpeters, two farriers, one saddler, one wagoner, and such number of privates, not exceeding 37, v. 12, p. 737; seventy-eight, as the President may direct. July 15, 1870, c. 294, s. Upon a declaration of war by Congress, or a declaration War increase. of Congress that war exists, the enlisted strength of a v. 30. troop may, in the discretion of the President, be increased to comprise not exceeding: For each troop of cavalry: One first sergeant, one quartermaster-sergeant, six sergeants, eight corporals, two farriers and blacksmiths, two trumpeters, one saddler, one wagoner, seventy-eight privates; total enlisted, one hundred. Sec. 3, act of April 26, 1898. Colored cavalry regiments. 1073. The enlisted men of two regiments of cavalry shall be colored men. July, 28, 1866, c. 299, s. 3, v. 14, p. 332. 1074. Any portion of the cavalry force may be armed and drilled as infantry or dismounted cavalry, at the dis-July 28, 1866, c. cretion of the President. cavalry. 299, s. 3, v. 14, p. 332. Sec. 1105, R. S. ARTILLERY.2 ment. Artillery regi July 29, 1861, c. 280: July 28, 1866, c. 229. s. 2, v. 14, p. 24, ss. 1, 2, v. 12, p. 1075. Each regiment of artillery shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, three majors, twelve captains, fourteen first lieutenants, twelve second lieutenants, one sergeant-major, one quartermaster-sergeant, one chief 332: Mar. 3, 1×69; musician, two principal musicians, and twelve batteries. 318 July 15, 1870, The adjutant and quartermaster and commissary shall be the quartermaster is made subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. Each appointment will take eflect the day on which it is made, and the officer appointed will be entitled to the pay pertaining thereto from the date when he assumes the duties under such appointment. (Par. 233, A., R. 1895.) The adjutant or quartermaster may hold office for four years, including all periods of such service, and no longer. He will not be eligible for a second tour of such duty nor for appointment or reappointment to either position, except to serve an unexpired term of four years. (Pár. 234, ibid.) A regimental commander is restricted in his choice of staff officers to the lieutenants on duty with the regiment and who are not at a schod of instruction nor with light batteries. Should he desire to appoint a lieutenant absent from the regiment the lieutenant must join before the appointment can be made. (Par. 235, ibid) Medical officers are no longer attached to regiments on the peace establishment. Since 1883 companies of cavalry have been designated "troops.' (Circulars 8 and 9 A. G. O. 1883; see also Cavalry Drill Regulations.) By Executive Orders the enlisted men of Troops L and M of each regiment of cavalry were distributed among the other troops. (G. O. 79 and 120, A. G. O. 1890.) By General Orders No. 28, Adeutant General's Office of 1801, certain cavalry troops were to be composed of Indians. The enlistment of Indions having been discontinued these organizations have, with the exception of Troop L, Seventh Cavalry, again become skeleton troops. The India's of Troop L, Seventh Cavalry, are ultimately to be discharged. Report of Adjutant General to the Secretary of War, pp. 7. 10.) At the general reluction of the Army, effected in pursuance of the act of March 2, 1×21 ( Stat. L-615), the artillery was consolidated into four regiments of nine companies each, one of which, in each regiment, was to be designated and equipped as light artillery The Ordnance Department was merged in the artillery, a supernumerary captain, for ordnance duty, was added to each regiment, and the President was authorized to select from the regiments of artillery such officers as may be necessary to perform ordnance duties who, while so detached, shall be subject only to the orders of the War Department.) The Ordnance Department was separated from the artillery by the act of May 25, 1832 (4 Stat. L., 605). One company was added to each regiment by the act of July 5, 1838 (5 Stat. L., 256), and two companies by section 18 of the act of March 3, 1847 (9 Stat. L., 184), making twelve c. 124, s. 5, v. 15, p. (. 29. 10. v. 16, p. 318; Mar. 8, 1898, v. 30. Sec. 1099, R. S. Artillery battery. 24. s. 1, v. 12, p. [extra lieutenants,] selected from the first or second lieutenants of the regiment.1 1076. Each battery of artillery shall consist of one capJuly 29, 1861, c. tain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one first 279: July 28, 1866, sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, four sergeants, four c. 299, s. 2, v. 14, p. 332: July 15, 1870, corporals, two musicians, two artificers, one wagoner, and Mar. 8 as many privates, not exceeding one hundred and twentySec. 1100, R. s. two, as the President may direct. When recruited to their c. 294. s. 10, v. 16, p. 318. 1898, v. 30. Light battery. Mar. 3, 1847, c. 61, Mar. 8, 1898, v. 30. war strength the President may add one second lieutenant to each battery of artillery; such offices to be filled by appointments, as prescribed by existing law. Sec. 4, act of April 26, 1898. 1077. Two batteries of each regiment of artillery may, 13, s. 2. v.3. p. 615 in the discretion of the President, be organized as field s. 18, v. 9, p. 186. artillery, and each battery that may be so organized shall Sec. 1101, R. S. have, in addition to the battery organization now author ized by law, four corporals, two farriers, and one saddler: And provided further, That each of the remaining batteries that are not organized as field artillery may, in the discretion of the President, have two additional sergeants." of March 8, 1898. War increase. Apr. 26, 1898, v. 30. Sec. 3, ibid. Sec. 5, ibid. Act Upon a declaration of war by Congress, or a declaration of Congress that war exists, the enlisted strength of a battery may, in the discretion of the President, be increased to comprise not exceeding, for each battery of heavy artillery, one first sergeant, twenty-two sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, two artificers, one wagoner, one hundred and sixty-two privates; total enlisted, two hundred. For each battery of field artillery, one first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, one veterinary sergeant, six sergeants, fifteen corporals, two farriers, two artificers, one saddler, two musicians, one wagoner, one hundred and forty-one privates; total enlisted, one hundred and seventythree. Sec. 3, act of April 26, 1898. In time of war the President shall cause the batteries of artillery authorized by law to be organized as heavy or field artillery as, in his judgment, the exigencies of the service may require. Sec. 5, ibid. companies in all. The act of March 3, 1847, authorized the President to designate an additional company in each regiment to be armed and equipped as light artillery. The fifth regiment was added as a regiment of light artillery by order of the Prešident, on May 5, 1861, the organization being confirmed by the act of July 29, 1861 (12 Stat. L., 279). The sixth and seventh regiments were added, and the organization of the first five regiments modified, by the act of March 8, 1898 (30 Stat. L.), which contained the requirement that "all vacancies created or caused by this act shall be filled by promotion, according to seniority, from the next lower grade in the arm, and the existing provisions of law governing examinations for promotion shall apply to appointments made under this act. See note 2 to paragraph 1071, ante. 2 Two batteries in each regiment of artillery are now, by Executive order, designated as light batteries. INFANTRY.1 ment. 299, s. 6, v. 14, p. c. 124, s. 5, v. 15, p. c. 294, s. 10, v. 16, 1898, v. 30. 1078. Hereafter the peace organization of each regiment Infantry regi of infantry now in service shall embrace one colonel, one July 28, 1866, c. lieutenant-colonel, two majors, ten captains, twelve first 33; Mar. 3, 1869, lieutenants, ten second lieutenants, one sergeant major, one 318. July 15, 1870, quartermaster-sergeant, one chief musician, two principal p. 318; Apr. 26, musicians, two battalions of four companies each, and two Sec. 1106, R. S. skeleton or unmanned companies; the organized companies to be constituted as now authorized by law: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed as abolishing the office of chaplain in each regiment of colored troops: And provided further, That the vacancies in the grade of major created by this section shall be filled by promotion according to seniority in the infantry arm.3Act of April 26, 1898. Infantry com pany. July 28, 1866, c. 299, s. 6, v. 14, p. 333, July 15, 1870, 1079. Each company of infantry shall consist of one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster-sergeant, four sergeants, four corporals, two artificers, two musicians, one wagoner, and 12942. 10. V. fifty privates, and the number of privates may be increased at the discretion of the President not to exceed one hundred, whenever the exigencies of the service require such increase.1 The First Regiment of infantry was authorized by the act of April 30, 1790 (1 Stat. L., 119), the Second by the act of March 3, 1791 (ibid., 222), the Third and Fourth by the act of May 30, 1796 (ibid., 483), the Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh regiments by the act of June 26, 1812 (2 Stat. L., 764), and the number of regiments of infantry was fixed at seven by the act to reduce and fix the military establishment, approved March 2, 1821. The Eighth Regiment was added by the act of July 5, 1838, and the President was authorized, **whenever be may deem it expedient, to cause not exceeding two of the regiments of infantry to be armed and equipped as regi. ments of riflemen, and one other of the regiments of infantry to be armed and equipped and to serve as a regiment of light infantry." The Ninth and Tenth regiments were authorized by the act of March 3, 1855 (10 Stat. L., 701). The Eleventh to the Nineteenth regiments, inclusive, were organized by order of the President on May 4, 1861, the organization being confirmed by the act of July 29, 1861 (12 Stat. L., 279). Twenty-five regiments, from the Twentieth to the Forty-fifth, inclusive, were authorized by the act of July 28, 1866, of which four, from the Thirty-eighth to the Forty-first, inclusive, were to be composed of colored men, and four, from the Fortysecond to the Forty-fifth, inclusive, were to be composed of men who had been wounded in the line of duty and were to constitute a Veteran Reserve Corps. At the reduction effected in pursuance of section 2 of the act of March 3, 1869 (15 Stat. L., 318), the number of infantry regiments was reduced to twenty-five. In effecting the consolidation required by the act above cited the designations of the First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth. Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth. Twelfth. Thirteenth, Twentieth, and Twenty-third regiments were not changed; the Eleventh Regiment was formed, by consolidation, from the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-ninth; the Fourteenth from the Fourteenth and Forty-fifth; the Fifteenth from the Fifteenth and Thirty-fifth, the Sixteenth from the Eleventh and Thirty-fourth; the Seventeenth from the Seventeenth and Forty-fourth; the Eighteenth from the Eighteenth and Twenty-fifth: the Nineteenth from the Nineteenth and Twenty-eighth; the Twentyfirst from the Twenty-first and Thirty-second; the Twenty-second from the Twenty. second and Thirty-first; the Twenty-fourth from the Thirty-eighth and Forty-first; the Twenty-fifth from the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth. The regiments organized prior to the 4th of May, 1861, were composed of ten companies each; those organized by Executive order of that date were each composed of three battalions of eight companies each. The organization prescribed by the act of July 28, 1866, fixed the organization of an infantry regiment at ten companies, of a cavalry regiment at twelve companies, and a regiment of artillery at the same number. 3See note 2 to paragraph 1071, ante. The enlisted men of Companies I and K of each regiment of infantry were, by General Orders, Nos. 76 and 120, of 1890, from the Adjutant General's Office, distrib uted among the other companies of the several regiments. Under the authority con 16, pp. 317, 318. Sec. 1107, R. S. Upon a declaration of war by Congress, or a declaration of Congress that war exists, the enlisted strength of a company may, in the discretion of the President, be increased to comprise not exceeding: For each company of infantry: One first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, four sergeants, twelve corporals, two musicians, one artificer, one wagoner and eighty-four privates; total enlisted, one hundred and six. Sec. 3, act of April 26, 1898. 1080. The enlisted men of two regiments of infantry shall be colored men. 299, s. 4, v. 14, p. 332; Mar. 3, 1869, c. 124, s. 2, v. 15, p. 318. Sec. 1108, R. S. ferred by General Orders, No. 28, of 1891, from the Adjutant-General's Office, companies of infantry have been organized the enlisted men of which were Indians. Subsequently the enlistment of Indians was discontinued, and these organizations have again become skeleton companies. (Report of Adjutant-General to the Secretary of War, pp. 7, 10.) |