winter. About twenty miles north of this was the disastrous battle ground of General St. Clair with the Indians. A strong detachment was sent to possess that ground, bury the remains, and build there a fort, which they called Fort Recovery. In this enterprise Lieutenant Harrison rendered such conspicuous service as to secure the especial notice of his general.

In the spring the Indians attacked the fort with great resolution, and were beaten back time after time. General Wayne's army had now been in the territory some fifteen months, and had advanced into the heart of their country. They knew him as a warrior who fought every time for victory. They had had time to gather their best forces, and they attacked with a view to demolish his army as they had that of St. Clair on the same spot, and drive him from their hunting grounds. But he was prepared for them, terribly punished their temerity and drove them far into the wilderness. He then advanced with his whole army some sixty miles north to the junction of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers, where he constructed a fort. Having thus a base of operations on the Maumee, he moved down the river to meet his wily foe somewhere in ambush. Moving cautiously as they went, not to be ensnared, on the twentieth of August he met some two thousand chosen Indian warriors ambushed for his reception at a place of their own choosing. A desperate battle followed; but the fierce men of the woods were worsted with great losses and driven still farther to the northwest by the more enlightened invaders of their territory. It was the old result over again-intelligence winning the victory over ignorancecivilization bearing down triumphantly upon barbarism-the old and effete passing away before the new and vigorous. General Wayne was hundreds of miles in the wilderness, away from reinforcements and supplies; still pushing on from these essentials of support, in a country he had never seen and of which he had no knowledge. His savage adversary was at home and in the midst of his supplies, and could muster more men, and yet he could only fly before the more intelligent invaders.

In these frontier battles Lieutenant Harrison was one of

General Wayne's most active and efficient officers. Quick, active, brave and discreet, he could serve equally well in any place he could lead an assault, strengthen a weak place, draw in an exposed regiment, or follow into the wilderness the routed foe. His educated mind and intense spirit fitted him to serve such a leader as Anthony Wayne. For his excellent military conduct in this campaign, Lieutenant Harrison was promoted to a captaincy, and given the command of Fort Washington. About this time the British military posts of the northwest fell into the hands of our government, and it became Captain Harrison's duty to receive, occupy and supply them. While engaged in this duty, he married the daughter of John Cleaves Symmes, the founder of the Miami settlements, whose land covered a portion of the present site of Cincinnati.

In April, 1798, Captain Harrison resigned his place in the army to receive the appointment of secretary of the northwestern territory, made vacant by the removal of Winthrop Sargent to the office of governor of the southwestern country. The next year Secretary Harrison was chosen the one delegate to represent the northwestern territory in Congress.

Up to this time the land in this great territory was subject to a law which allowed of its disposal only in tracts of four thousand acres. Mr. Harrison exerted himself, against much opposition, to get this law changed so as to bring the public lands within the purchasing power of small farmers.

There was, from the beginning, two ideas of agricultural life in this country-the Virginia idea of great landed estates, brought from England and applied to this country with a view to build up great and influential families, like those in aristocratic society in England, which were supposed to constitute the strength and stability of a nation, and the New England idea of small farms, which grew out of the necessities of a poorer people. Mr. Harrison had learned that the latter idea applied more generally to those who desired to be actual settlers on the new lands of the northwest, and secured the passage of a law which authorized the sale of the public lands in alternate sections of six hundred and forty and three hundred and twenty

acres. This was not all he desired, but it was the most he could get, and was the beginning of that true idea, as applied to the public lands, for a great and free country, of having the people own and cultivate their own lands.

GOVERNOR HARRISON.

In the year 1800 the northwestern territory was divided, the territory of the present state of Ohio being made one, and the western portion, which now constitutes Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin, being the other, which was called "The Indian Territory," and Secretary Harrison was made governor of this latter territory. As governor, he was made superintendent of Indian affairs. His area of authority was soon enlarged by his being appointed governor of upper Louisiana. In these great territories he had almost absolute authority. He was first appointed to these important trusts when he was twenty-seven years old by President John Adams. He was afterward reappointed twice by Thomas Jefferson, and again by James Madison; so that he held those offices through three administrations. Those were the times when "rotation in office" had not been learned, and merit held its well-earned place in public affairs.

When Governor Harrison began his administration there were but three white settlements in the Indian territory. But they soon began to increase, and now the wilderness over which he presided is an empire of civilization. His subjects were chiefly Indians, who claimed ownership in their tribal relations of the most of the land. During his official career as governor, he made thirteen treaties with the Indians, and secured to the United States sixty millions of acres of land. He thus became the pioneer of possession and civilization.

In the revolutionary war the early settlements along the Atlantic coast became free, and afterward organized into the United States. Then began the process of acquisition and extension, which has made them the mighty nation they now are, and which is to go on, it may be, till North America shall be the area of their territory. In this process, no man has acted a more conspicuous and important part than William

Henry Harrison, or left a whiter or more manly and patriotic record. Though governor over sixty millions of acres of public lands, making purchases and disposals at will, he appropriated no lands to himself, made his office in no way lucrative to himself, but only serviceable to the enrichment and honor of his country and its people. In all his treaties with the Indians, he was sole commissioner, as absolute as any king or autocrat, and yet so deep was the confidence imposed in him, that the thought of anything wrong in his transactions seems not to have entered any mind connected with the government. No pages of our national history are whiter than those which record the life and deeds of Governor Harrison.

One man, and he a foreigner, a man of wealth, by the name of McIntosh, accused the governor of having defrauded the Indians in the treaty of Fort Wayne. The governor demanded an investigation in a court of justice; and the court not only did not find against the governor, but fined the complainant four thousand dollars. The four thousand dollars the governor divided, giving one third of it to the orphan children whose fathers had died in battle, and two thirds he returned to McIntosh himself to teach him how to be both just and magnani

mous.

Through the whole of his career as governor, opportunities for improvement of his personal fortune occurred, but he always rejected them, because he would not have the semblance of using his official opportunity to enrich himself appear to the discredit of himself or his country. He had a fine sense of honor and patriotic integrity. In his official capacity he lived for his country and was his country. His acts and character were his country's, and so he guarded his conduct as the apple of his eye.

THE TECUMSEH WAR.

A singular and tragic episode in Governor Harrison's career occurred, beginning about the year 1806.

The Indians had become comparatively peaceful, and many of them were adopting many of the ideas and practices of civilized

life, when there arose two brothers among them of unusual ability and devotion to the ancient Indian customs. One of them was a chief and warrior of great sagacity and enterprise, who conceived the idea of not only putting a stop to the civilizing of his race which had so clearly begun, but of restoring them to their original estate. He hated the whites; he deplored their influence over his people; and saw the inevitable loss of all their hunting grounds to the Indians, and their style of life. He was a savage, and wanted to continue to be, and have all his tribes with him continue as they had been. His name was Tecumseh, or "The Crouching Panther."

He had a brother of equal ability and of equal devotedness to Indian life and history, who was a man of fervid imagination, a religious man, a great orator who held a powerful sway over his people by his great gifts; and being their medicine man, which in their idea was equivalent to being a magician, he had still greater influence over them. His name was Olliwacheca, which being interpreted, is "The Prophet." The brothers were in as thorough sympathy as were Moses and Aaron and bore a similar relation to each other. They conceived the idea of being the deliverers of their people from their subjection to the whites.

They began their career by preaching to the tribes immediately about them, their doctrines of fidelity to ancient Indian customs and resistance of the customs of the whites - especially the custom of drinking whisky. Olliwacheca was a fierce teetotaler, and harangued his people eloquently in its favor, so much so that all who came under his influence became teetotalers and rejected whisky as the fire-water of the Evil Spirit. But they did not stop with this, but secretly aroused them to prepare for desperate resistance. It was Tecumseh's plan to arouse and unite all the Indian tribes far and near, to form a great army of resistance, and to use all the methods of Indian warfare to beat back the encroachments of their white enemies. To this end the two brothers visited and preached and planned that they might inaugurate their great movement with such