CHAPTER

Freedom of worship. Religious liberty. Individual liberty.
Education. Perpetual union with the United States. Provi-
sion for erection of States. The 1784 anti-slavery resolution
repealed. Authorship of Ordinance. Basis of claims.

slavery clause.

the Ordinance.

The

The fugitive slave clause. Importance of
Its result.

PAGES

89-106

Colonial land speculation. Methods of the promoters. The

Walpole Company. Franklin's controversy with Hills-

borough. Early settlements in the Ohio country. The Sus-

quehanna Company. Fate of the early companies. The Ohio

Company of Associates. Its origin. Work of Manasseh

Cutler. Relations of the Company to the Ordinance of 1787.

The lands granted to the Company. Preparation for settle-

ment. Founding of Marietta. The Scioto Company. Its

territory. Financial methods of the Company. The work

of Barlow in France. Gallipolis founded. Failure of the

scheme. Symmes's Purchase. Its acquisition. Settlements

in this purchase. The beginnings of Cincinnati. The West-

ern Reserve. The "Fire Lands." The Connecticut Land

Company's purchase. The founding of Cleveland.

tions of jurisdiction.

VII THE ORGANIZATION AND ADMISSION OF

Ques

THE FIRST NEW STATES TO THE UNION 107-126

The "District of Kentucky." Its government. Desire for
separation from Virginia. Navigation of the Mississippi.
Petition to Congress for separation. The Danville Conven-
tion. Petition to the Virginia Assembly. The August
Convention. Address to the people. Action of the Virginia
Assembly. Later conventions. Final convention at Danville.
Admission of Kentucky Its constitution. Slavery clause.
Shelby, first governor. Kentucky compared with Franklin.
Kentucky compared with Vermont. Vermont's conflict with
New York. The New Hampshire grants. "Green Moun-
tain Boys." An independent State. Congress refuses peti-
tion for admission. A constitution adopted. The question
of slavery. Terms made with New York. Vermont ad-
mitted into the Union. Similarities between the first northern
and first southern States admitted into the Union. Diffi-
culties in the way of Kentucky's admission. Indian troubles.
Republicans and Federalists. The Kentucky Resolutions.

CHAPTER

VIII

PAGES

THE TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES

SOUTH OF THE Ohio, and the Admis-

SION OF TENNESSEE

127-136

Watauga and Franklin. Dissatisfaction as to the navigation
of the Mississippi. Cession of the territory to the United
States. Provision as to slavery. Government of the terri-
tory south of the Ohio. William Blount. The first legis-

lature. Educational establishments. Desire for statehood.
Constitutional Convention. State called Tennessee. The
constitution. Religious liberty. Claims admission into the
Union. New principles involved. Objection to its admis-
sion. Admission. Sevier the first governor.

IX THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY

X

. 137-153

Wayne

Second

Temporary government.

Arthur St. Clair the first governor.

Reception at Marietta. Legislative activity. Territorial

laws approved by Congress. The judiciary department.

The Indian problem. The treaty of Fort Harmer. Har-

mer's unfortunate campaign. St. Clair's defeat.

overthrows Indian power. Treaty of Greeneville.

stage of territorial government. First General Assembly.

The Legislative Council. General character of the laws.

Questions of land holdings and boundaries. Harrison dele-

gate to Congress. Modification of land laws. Political

parties. Division of the Territory. Removal of capital.

Towns incorporated. A university established. Statehood

and State boundaries. The question of the capital again.

Separation of Indiana. Harrison governor.

Boundaries of

Indiana. The French population. Slavery in Indiana.

Michigan Territory. Illinois admitted. Admission of Michi-

gan. Wisconsin Territory organized. Incorporated into

Michigan. Wisconsin admitted to statehood.

THE ADMISSION OF OHIO

155-166

Discussion

Constitu-

Enabling

Election of

Petition for its admission. The boundary line.
of the powers of Congress over the admission.
tional Convention. Proposed boundaries of Ohio.
Act. The bargain with the United States.
delegates. St. Clair's address. Dismissal of St. Clair from
office. His later history. The constitution. Impotence of
the governor. Slavery. Land taxation. Date of admission.
Trouble over boundary disputes. The Toledo difficulty.
Discussion of boundary by Congress.

Attitude of Spain toward the United States at the close of the
Revolution. Spain's claim to the Mississippi. Danger to
the West. The Indian massacres. Attempts at treaty
making. Jay and Gardoqui. North and South at variance.
Spain and the settlers in the West. Danger of war. Wil-
kinson's trading ventures on the Mississippi. His negotia-
tions with Spanish officials. Takes oath of allegiance to
Spain. Spanish attempts to gain the West. Unrest in Ken-
tucky. Other disaffected leaders. Morgan's colony. Great
Britain and the West. Jefferson's plan to settle the problem.
Pinckney's treaty. Reasons for the change in Spain's atti-
tude. Right of deposit. Growing influence of France.
Spain withdraws from eastern bank of the Mississippi.

Transfer of Louisiana to France. Objections of the United
States to the transfer. Jefferson's view. Right of deposit
withdrawn. The West and South aroused. Congress em-
powers president to act. Monroe appointed special envoy
to France. Scope of his instructions. Livingston's negotia-
tions. Napoleon's changed attitude. Monroe and Living-
ston negotiate. The purchase of Louisiana. Disregard of
Spanish rights. The validity of the title. Why Napoleon
wished to sell. His dread of Great Britain. The San
Domingo revolt. Toussaint L'Ouverture. Napoleon's de-
American surprise at the purchase. Constitutional

questions. The treaty ratified. Opinions of public men.

Boundary disputes. New Orleans. Extent of territory

acquired. Transfer to the United States.

feat.

Jefferson's interest in the exploration. Ledyard's expedition.

Jefferson's message to Congress. Ignorance of the country

acquired. Expedition of Lewis and Clark. Their qualifica-

tions. Their instructions. The journey up the Missouri.

Their treatment of the Indians. Winter with the Mandans.

Journey through North Dakota and Montana. At the

source of the Missouri. Crossing the Rocky Mountains.

The descent to the Pacific and return.

discover the source of the Mississippi.

the Southwest. Discovery of Pike's Peak.

Pike's attempt to

His exploration of

Pike's arrest

CHAPTER

by the Spaniards. A lull in exploration. The hunters and

trappers. Bonneville's exploration. Exploration of Nicollet.

Fremont's expeditions. Overland to California.

XIV THE Admission of Louisiana

PAGES

. 239-253

Character of population. Provisions of the bill for govern-

ment of the Territory. Two Territories proposed. District

of Louisiana under Indiana jurisdiction. Difficulties as to

Territory of New Orleans. The Territorial Council. Pas-

sage of the bill. Claiborne and Wilkinson. The remon-

strance from the citizens of Louisiana. Change in the

government of the Territory of Orleans. Penal laws in

the Territorial period. The Black Code. Constitutional

Convention. Quincy's objections to the admission of Loui-

siana. Admission as a State. Claiborne elected governor.

The Enabling Act for Indiana. Boundaries of the proposed

State. Boundary dispute. Discussion of slavery. The

Constitutional Convention. The constitution. Restriction

on banks. Admission to statehood. Growth of population.

The Enabling Act for Illinois. Population requirement.

Peculiarities of the census law. Change in boundaries.

Reasons for change. Its importance. Provisions of the

constitution. The General Assembly. Slavery. Discus-

sion in Congress over the admission of Illinois. A bitter

campaign for revision of the constitution. Illinois a free

State.

XVI CHARACTER OF THE NORTHWESTERN

SETTLERS BEFORE 1830.

265-287

Elements in population. The French emigrants from the
North and South. The different settlements. The popula-
tion of Ohio. That of Indiana. Of Illinois. Religious
characteristics. Congregationalism and Presbyterianism. Re-
port of Mills and Schermerhorn. Methodism. The circuit
rider. Camp meetings. The founder of Methodism. Spread
of Methodism. The Baptist Church. The Episcopalians.

The Roman Catholic Church. Education in the Northwest.
Obstacles to extension of education and religious teaching.
Provision for education in Ohio. In Indiana. In Illinois.
In Michigan. The university. Local government in the

CHAPTER

Northwest. The town. Local government under the Ordi-
nance of 1787. Changes in local government in Ohio. The
township in Illinois and Michigan. The influence of Cass.

XVII THE ADMISSION OF

WISCONSIN

MICHIGAN

PAGES

AND

289-309

Land grants for
Drawbacks to

Causes of delay in admitting Michigan.
soldiers. Unsatisfactory quality of lands.
settlement. Organization of Michigan. Elements of popu-
lation. Settlement of Detroit. Hull as Territorial governor.
Legislative difficulties. The Indian question. Cass's ad-
ministration. His treatment of the Indians. The westward
boundary of Michigan. Self-government encouraged. The
second stage of Territorial government. Cass leaves the Ter-
ritory. His successor. Extension of boundaries. Growth
of population. State constitution and government adopted.
Boundary trouble with Ohio. Difficulty with Federal gov-
ernment. Michigan admitted. Wisconsin's limits encroached
upon. Movement for separate government. Territory organ-
ized. Iowa set off. Final area of the Territory. The first
governor. Land speculation. The Milwaukee and Rock
River Canal Company. Southern boundary dispute. Threat
of secession. Active immigration. A Mormon settlement.
An experiment in Fourierism. A State government.
bling Act. Constitutional Convention.
the suffrage. Restriction as to banks. A new convention.
The proposed suffrage articles. A constitution adopted.
Wisconsin admitted. The early immigration.
Their influence on the slavery question.

XVIII

Ena-

Free negroes and

The later.

311-334

ADMISSION OF IOWA, MINNESOTA, AND
NEBRASKA.
Early settlement of Iowa. Without a government. Attached
to Territory of Michigan. To that of Wisconsin. Organi-
zation as a Territory. Opening the land to settlement. In-
dian reservation. The Black Hawk War. Treaties with
the Indians. Growth of population. Boundary dispute
with Missouri. Demand for statehood. The constitution.
Boundaries. Debate in Congress. Adoption of the con-
stitution. Early Minnesota. Its condition after Wisconsin
became a State. The Stillwater Convention. Preamble and
Resolutions. Territorial organization. Extinguishment of
Indian titles. Demand for statehood. The Enabling Act.