Petersburgh, which caused him to evacuate Richmond. This department has been a severe school of discipline to Northern armies, government and people.

SOUTHERN UNIONISTS.

When the grand army of the North entered Virginia, European nations and governments were gravely informed in a memorable despatch, issued by Secretary Seward, that the subjugation of the South formed no part of their plans or intentions, that the attempt would be wicked and inconsistent with republican institutions and government. The one grand object which was to absorb their attention, and concentrate their energies, according to the above named official, was, "to deliver a unionist people from the toils of a factious and despotic minority." Since then, curtain after curtain has fallen in the tragedial scenes of the war, but no unionists have been found in the South amongst the white people, with the exception of a few solitary, isolated cases, such as Barbara Frietchie, and "Andy Johnson" so called, recently made vice-president of the United States. The pluck and daring of Barbara for the Federal flag, won the admiration of Stonewall Jackson, and called forth his respect for her grey hairs. General Lee with his brave army had crossed the mountains which overlooked Fredericktown, where Federal

flags with their "silver stars and golden bars" had flapped in the morning wind, but had all disappeared on the approach of the Confederates. The following incident then took place, which has been so graphically described by Whittier, the "Federal Military Quaker Peace Poet."

Up rose old Barbara Frietchie then,
Bowed with her fourscore years and ten
Bravest of all in Frederick-town,

She took up the flag the men hauled down;
In her attic-window the staff she set,
To show that one heart was loyal yet.
Up the street came the rebel tread,
Stonewall Jackson riding ahead.

Under his slouched hat left and right
He glanced: the old flag met his sight.
"Halt!"-the dust-brown ranks stood fast.
"Fire!"-out blazed the rifle-blast.

It shivered the window, pane and sash;
It rent the banner with seam and gash.
Quick as it fell from the broken staff
Dame Barbara snatched the silken scarf;
She leaned far out on the window-sill,
And shook it forth with a royal will.
"Shoot, if you must this gray old head,
But spare your country's flag," she said.
The nobler nature within him stirred,
To life at that woman's deed and word;
"Who touches a hair of yon gray head

Dies like a dog! March on!" he said.

The case of "Andy Johnson," now President of the Union, is not quite so creditable to the

Federals as that of "Dame Barbara Frietchie." At his recent inauguration, this distinguished American Vice-President shewed that he was all the worse for "liquoring up," and made the assembled crowd of senators, legislators, diplomatists and civilians hang down their heads and blush for shame. On Mr. Hamlin taking his official farewell of the body over whose deliberations he had presided for the last four years, he concluded by introducing his successor, the Hon. Andrew Johnson of Tenessee, Vice-President elect. All eyes being turned on Mr. Johnson as he rose from his chair, and with wild gesticulations and shrieks strangely intermingled with audible stage whispers, began to address the auditory around and above him. "I am going for to tell yeoo here to-day, yes, I am going for to tell yeoo all that I am a plebeian. I glory in it. I am a plebeian. The people, yes, the people of the United States; the great people have made me what I am; and I am a-going for to tell yeoo here to-day, yes to-day, in this place, that the people are everything. We owe all to them. it be not too presumptuous, I will tell the foreign ministers sitting there, that I am one of the people. I will say to senators and others before me, I will say to the Supreme Court which sits before me, that you all get yeoor power and place from the people; and Mr. Chase yeoor position depends on the people, and "yeoorn," Mr. Stanton, and "yeoorn,” Mr. Secretary Here he hesitated for a name,

If

but bending down to Mr. Hamlin, he asked him who was the Secretary of the navy, and on receiving the requisite information he continued, "And to yeoo, Secretary Wells, yeoo derive your power from the people." During the delivery of the above address, he alternately whispered and roared in a manner that it would have been ludicrous, if it had not been disgusting. He had not uttered two sentences when every person saw that something was "He is crazy," wrong. He is drunk," said one.

cried another.

"This is disgraceful," exclaimed a third. The members of the Cabinet looked on the ground or moved uneasily in their seats. The judges of the Supreme Court shewed pain and surprise. All were bewildered and astonished, but "Andy" was so proud of the dignity into which the people had thrust him, that he boasted of it in the language of a clown, and the manners of a costermonger.

With the exception, therefore, of a few isolated cases like the above, the Federal armies have found nothing in front, and left nothing behind them but what they call "rebels." Even in Louisiana and South Carolina where the Federal flag waves, Wendell Phillips Esq. says, "there is not a loyal man amongst the whites." This discovery makes the astounding declaration of Seward vanish into "airy nothingness," calls down upon him the bitterest invectives, and subjects him to the most blasting irony and scorn.

EFFECTS OF BULL RUN AND M'CLELLAN'S DISASTERS.

The disgrace which covered the Federal arms at Bull Run, and the terrible diasters which befel the Grand Army under General M'Clellan, brought a hurricane storm of reproach from the "War Christians" against the administrators of the Federal government, who avowed." the whole cause of their disasters to be in their continued complicity with the crime of human slavery."

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In a memorial adopted by the "War Christians Dec. 22, 1862, and sent to Washington, the memorialists say,

"Had we withdrawn ourselves from that complicity, by obeying the command of God at the outset, the justice and mercy of heaven were pledged for our protection and success, the Divine frown. would have been upon our enemies, we would have secured the blessing of God, and commanded the sympathy and respect of all nations.

"But the moment we ourselves re-entered into complicity with the very wickedness which was the foundation of the rebellion, we threw away the immense superiority of our moral position, descended to a level with that of the rebels, deprived ourselves of the possibility of appealing, as our fathers did in the war of the Revolution, to the Judge of all the earth for the justice of our cause and the rectitude of our intentions; and went so far as to inform foreign nations that no moral prin