The

defending the protective principle, and expounding the view that tariff reform is not to be regarded as a prime remedy for the evils of trusts and monopolies. Sunday was spent at Sioux Falls, S. D., and Monday, the 8th, found the President at Gardiner, Mont., at the entrance of the Yellowstone Park. He had invited the distinguished naturalist and author, John Burroughs, to join him as his companion on his sixteen days' sojourn in that reservation of forests, mountains, and natural wonders; and it was carefully arranged that this vacation should be free from public intrusion. It was not a hunting trip, but an outing for rest and recreation,the most complete and satisfactory one, probably, that the President has had in a long time. route from the Yellowstone Park to St. Louis was across Nebraska to Omaha, thence across Iowa to the Mississippi River at Keokuk, and southward to the exposition city. Great enthusiasm for the President was manifest everywhere throughout a journey which seemed to be entirely free from all unpleasant incidents. Democrats and Populists vied with Republicans to greet the visitor,-because he was President of the United States, but also because he was Theodore Roosevelt. This month's touring includes stops. at Kansas City, Topeka, Sharon Springs (for Sunday, May 3), Denver and other Colorado towns for the following day, New Mexican towns for May 5, the Grand Cañon of the Colorado for May 6,

From stereoscopic photo by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.
THE PRESIDENT LEAVING TRAIN TO ENTER YELLOWSTONE
PARK, ON APRIL 8.

JOHN BURROUGHS.

(Who accompanied the President in the Yellowstone Park.)

Southern California towns from May 7 to 11, the Leland Stanford University on the morning of May 12, San Francisco and vicinity for the next three days, to be followed by a three days' visit to the Yosemite Valley and the big-tree region. Then comes the journey northward to Oregon, with May 21 devoted to Portland, and the next four or five days to the towns and cities of Washington and the Puget Sound region. return journey is by way of Montana and Idaho to Salt Lake City May 29, and Wyoming towns May 30, with Sunday, May 31, at Cheyenne, and the next Sunday at the White House.

Travels.

The

King Edward has been absent from King Edward's England on a sailing and visiting tour throughout the month of April, and he is prolonging his visit into the month of May. He went first to Portugal, with which country England has long professed to maintain relations of intimacy akin to alliance. His trip included some touring in the Mediterranean and a visit to English outposts, such as Gibraltar and Malta. A warm welcome was awaiting him in Rome, where he was to visit late in April, while the French were interested in his plans for visiting Paris in May. King Edward has always been personally very popular with the

Photo by Russell & Sons.

mer.

The Irish Nationalists have made it known that the

King may count upon a cordial reception.

party, with its radical and socialistic tendencies, and the Liberals. The most notable victory of this combination was the recent election of Mr. Wil liam Crooks as a member of Parliament for Woolwich, where he converted a large Tory majority into a still larger one for the coalition that has now come to be dubbed "Lib-Lab." For old-fashioned Whiggish Liberalism in England, The radical wing of the there is no future. Liberal party has come into close touch with the more conservative wing of the Labor party, and in this combination lies the only clear prospect of an organization that may hope to defeat the Tories. One of the stanchest leaders of advanced Liberalism, well known and greatly es teemed also in the United States, was the Hon. W. S. Caine, the news of whose death was received in this country with great regret a few weeks His vacant seat in Parliament has ago. already been filled, and the constituency has gone Liberal by a strong majority.

London Measures.

When the education bill, of which so much was said a few months ago, was enacted, the metropolis of London was omitted from its operations. The effect of that bill was to weaken the public-school boards and to throw the control of elementary education more strongly into the hands of ecclesiastical bodies. The secular system of free public schools has been much more strongly intrenched in London than in the country at large. The government has now brought in an education bill for London, however, that meets with much

LORD MONKSWELL, NEW CHAIRMAN OF LONDON COUNTY COUNCIL.

criticism, the Liberals especially opposing it strenuously. It abolishes the present school board, and makes the London County Council the supreme authority in both elementary and secondary education. The Tory predominance The Tory predominance at Westminster is not particularly favorable to the progressive development of the great city of London. The government is, however, pushing the measure to improve the port and the shipping facilities, although the movement for a proper public water-supply seems to lag rather hopelessly. New York seems to be gain ing on London.

Station.

The government is excusing the A New Naval growth of naval expenditures on the ground of Germany's energetic programmes, and it is avowedly due to the increasing strength of Germany that a new naval base of importance is about to be developed in the Orkney Islands, guarding the upper end of the British Isles, and commanding the northern entrance to the North Sea, as the Channel fleet commands the southern entrance. Another obvious reason for the new base is that the English navy is getting so large that new provision of some kind has to be made for necessary dockage and port facilities.

French
Affairs.

ing tour.

The head of the French Republic, as well as President Roosevelt and King Edward, has been off on an interestIn the middle of April, he went to visit Algeria, this being a trip that no other president of the Third Republic has undertaken. The French interest in North Africa is steadily increasing. The ministry has had remarkably strong support from the legislative chambers in its drastic enforcement of the law against religious orders. The most notable instance occurred toward the end of March, when the application of the Carthusian monks, the wealthiest of all the orders in France, was refused by the Chamber of Deputies by a vote of 338 to 231. The monks and nuns are leaving France in great numbers and going to neighboring countries. Only four or five out of fifty-four religious orders of men have had their applications granted by the parliamentary committee.

close relations with the empire, perhaps to the extent of securing a commercial union. King Christian, by the way, was eighty-five years old on April 8. Very much was said also last month about Germany's desire for close relations with Holland. This talk was stimulated by the fact that the formidable railway strikes in Holland threatened for a time to obstruct German trade very inconveniently. It was on the morning of April 6 that a general strike was ordered of all labor throughout Holland engaged in transportation. This was organized labor's answer to Premier Kuyper's pending bills to regulate labor and penalize strikes on the government-owned railroads. One of the bills provided for a railroad military brigade to be used in case of necessity, and another provided for punishment, by imprisonment and fine, of any acts of the kind customary in labor contests. The widespread strike did not prevent the parliamentary chambers from passing the bills almost unanimously. And the strike completely collapsed after a few days.

In

In the southeast of Europe, the situSoutheastern ation remains critical. There have Europe. been very serious outbreaks in Macedonia, and many outrages and much loss of life. In connection with a local conflict in the heart of Macedonia, an Albanian soldier killed the Russian consul, M. Stcherbina. This was at the end of March. The Turkish soldiery has been ruthless in its dealings with local insurrections, although the Sultan has professed to prefer lenient methods and is apparently acting in good faith in trying to carry out the reforms that Russia and Austria joined in prescribing. There was much comment in the European press on the fact that the Czar, while agreeing not to intervene on behalf of the Macedonians, had made King Alexander of Servia a present of 10,000,000 cartridges. Alexander, by the way, has distinguished himself by suspending the constitution of the country for a matter of five minutes or so, in which brief period he acted as an absolute ruler and performed a huge amount of business. He repealed liberal laws relating to the suffrage, and reënacted a former code which will tend to keep the radicals out of the legislative chamber. There was wholesale retirement of ministers, senators, and councilors. With men and measures rearranged to his satisfaction, King Alexander touched the parliamentary pendulum and set the wheels of constitutional government in motion again. European rivalry continues to occupy itself anxiously with Persian questions.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-AMERICAN. March 25.-The Texas Court of Appeals decides that the Galveston Municipal Commission is unconstitutional; this decision leaves the city without a constituted government.

March 26.-President Roosevelt issues an order extending to such large cities as may be agreed upon the registration system for laborers....The United States Treasury Department resumes refunding operations.... The New York Legislature passes the bill for the $100,000,000 canal improvement.

March 28.-Attorney-General James S. Harlan, of Porto Rico, resigns office.

March 31.-The New York Legislature passes the bill for increasing liquor licenses 50 per cent.

April 1.-The Indiana Supreme Court declares unconstitutional the law providing a minimum wage in public work.

April 6.-Mayors Tom L. Johnson (Dem.), of Cleveland, Julius Fleischmann (Rep.), of Cincinnati, and Samuel M. Jones (Ind.), of Toledo, are reëlected by large majorities.... Republicans carry Michigan for State officers by 35,000.

April 7.-Mayor Carter H. Harrison (Dem.), of Chicago, is reëlected by a decreased plurality....The town elections in Kansas show an overwhelming majority in favor of prohibition; the Republicans make gains throughout the State.

April 8.-The Indiana Supreme Court declares the weekly-payment law unconstitutional.

April 9.-The United States Circuit Court of Appeals, at St. Paul, decides that the Northern Securities Company is an illegal combination in restraint of trade, and

enjoins it from exercising any control over the Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railroad companies.

April 13.-Postmaster-General Payne states that he will make a thorough investigation of alleged scandals in the Post Office Department.

April 15.-A revision of the civil-service rules, by which the classified service is considerably extended, goes into effect.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-FOREIGN.

March 21.-President Castro, of Venezuela, resigns office....In the French Senate, the government announces the intention of maintaining the Concordat if the clergy keep out of politics....The prime minister of Colombia and two other members of the cabinet resign.... Peace is declared in Uruguay.

March 23.-Revolutions break out in San Domingo and in Managua, the capital of Nicaragua; a mob attacks the government buildings at Port of Spain, Trinidad, and is fired on by the police.

March 24.-The French Chamber of Deputies, by a vote of 304 to 246, refuses to authorize religious preaching orders.

March 25.-Mr. Wyndham, Chief Secretary for Ireland, introduces the Irish land bill in the British House of Commons; the measure involves a loan of not more than $500,000,000 at 34 per cent. interest, and a bonus of $60,000,000.... President Castro, of Venezuela, withdraws his resignation.... Five thousand Republicans meet in Madrid, Spain, and choose Professor Salmeron leader of their party.

March 26.-The French Chamber of Deputies, by a vote of 338 to 231, refuses to permit the Carthusian monks to remain in France.

April 6.-The Cuban Congress reassembles.

April 7.-King Alexander of Servia suspends the constitution to make changes in the laws of the country.

April 9.-The Netherlands Parliament passes an antistrike bill by a large majority.

April 16.-The Irish Nationalist convention at Dublin approves the land bill in principle.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.

March 21.-The modus vivendi proposed by Brazil to Bolivia in connection with the question as to the ownership of the Acre territory is signed by representatives of the two governments.

March 23.-The upper house of the Newfoundland Legislature passes the bill renewing the Treaty Shore modus vivendi for another year.

March 25.-The Navy Department decides to abandon its plan for a cruise of the battleship squadron to Europe this summer, and the United States therefore declines the invitation of Emperor William to have the squadron visit Kiel.

March 28.-The Cuban Senate adopts the reciprocity treaty as amended by the United States Senate.

March 29.-It is announced that the first meeting of the Alaskan Boundary Commission has been deferred until next fall....Admiral Dewey makes an explanation regarding his criticisms of the German Emperor and navy that has aroused hostile comment in Germany. March 31.-Ratifications of the reciprocity treaty between the United States and Cuba are exchanged at Washington.