lish Affairs, from the Invasion of the Romans to the Present Time. London, 1723. 8vo. Tegg: A Dictionary of Chronology, &c. London, 1835.

12mo.

Toone, Wm. The Chronological Historian, or a Record of Public Events, Historical, Political, Biographical, Literary, &c. ; principally illustrative of the Ecclesiastical, Civil, Naval, and Military History of Great Britain and its Dependances, from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Present Time. London, 1828. 2 vols. 8vo. *Worcester: Historical Atlas, containing Charts of History, Ancient and Modern, Chronology of European Sovereigns, of Biogra phy, Mythology, and Chronological and Historical Charts of England, France, and America. Folio.

Eusebius, or rather Julius Africanus, whose fragments he preserves, may be said to be the earliest chronological writer. Scaliger led the way among modern chronologists, by his De Emendatione Temporum. Geneva, 1629. folio. Labbe's laborious work-Chronologia Technica et Historica-came some time after. Paris, 1670. 5 vols. folio. Newton gave his Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms. London, 1728. 4to. The Benedictine System-the best and exactest of allL'Art de Vérifier les Dates, came out, in the completest edition, Paris, 181820, in 23 vols. 8vo. It is the joint labour of Dom Maurice d'Antine, Dom Clémencet, Dom Durand, and Dom Clement. The chronology of certain kingdoms and nations has been treated by the following more distinguished authors. Marsham, Chronicus, Canon Ægyptiacus, Hebraicus, &c. Dodwell, De Veteribus Græcorum Romanorumque Cyclis-Corsini, Fasti Attici-Idem, Dissertationes IV. agonistica -Usher, De Vetere anno Macedonum et Asianorum Solari. The Fasti Hellenici of Clinton, London, 1824 and 1835, 2 vols. 4to, has a just repute. Boyle's Universal Chronologist, London, 1826, 8vo, is useful for common purposes. Blair's and Playfair's Historical Tables, and Bredow's (translated by Bell), deserve to be mentioned.

Anquetil, M. Summary of Universal History, exhibiting the Rise, Decline, and Revolutions of the different Nations of the World, from the Creation to the Present Time. Philadelphia, 1806.

9 vols. 8vo.

Bigland: View of the World, Geographical and Historical. See it in Systems of Geography.

Bossuet, M. Universal History from the Beginning of the World to the Empire of Charlemagne, translated from the 13th edition of the Original, by Elphinstone. New-York, 1821.

12mo.

The "Essais sur les Mœurs" of Voltaire are a continuation of this eloquent book; but upon an opposite spirit, of referring events to human causes.

Butler, Frederick: Sketches of Universal History, Sacred and Profane, from the Creation of the World to the Year 1818 of the Christian Era, in three Parts, with an Appendix, and a Chronological Table of Contents. Hartford, 1821.

8vo.

12mo.

Ferguson: An Essay on the History of Civil Society. Philadelphia, 1819. Historical Letters, originally written and published in the Virginia Argus, including a Brief but General View of the History of the World, Civil, Military, and Religious, from the Earliest Times to the Year 1811. Richmond, 1812. 12mo.

Hooke, N. Historical Pocket Library, containing, 1st, Heathen Mythology; 2d, Ancient History; 3d, Grecian History; 4th, Roman History; 5th, History of England. Boston, 1818. 5 vols. 12mo.

Mavor, William: Universal History, Ancient and Modern, from the Earliest Record of Time to the General Peace of 1801. New-York, 1804. 25 vols. 12mo.

Millot, Abbé: Elements of General History, Ancient and Modern, translated from the French. Salem, 1796. 5 vols. 8vo. Muller, John Van: Universal History. Boston, 1831. 4 vols. 12mo.

Priestley, Joseph: Lectures on History and General Policy, to which are prefixed an Essay upon a Course of Liberal Education for Civil and Active Life, and an Additional Lecture on the Constitution of the United States, the whole corrected, and improved, and enlarged, with a Chart of History and a Chart of Biography. Philadelphia, 1803. 2 vols. 8vo. Raleigh, Sir Walter: History of the World. London, folio. Edinburgh, 1820. 6 vols. 8vo.

: The same.

This is universally esteemed as a very noble piece of learning and eloquence. See Note, at his Life. Biography.

Robbins, Royal Outlines of Ancient and Modern History. Hartford, 1830. 12mo.

Ross, Alexander: Continuation of Sir Walter Raleigh's History of the World to 1640. London, 1652. Folio.

This is that very various, busy, voluminous writer, of whom it is spoken in Hudibras:

"There was an ancient, sage philosopher,

That had read Alexander Ross over."

The like feat is by no means to be recommended as to his attempt to complete Sir Walter Raleigh, of whom he is but a sad continuator; in such sort, that Granger very justly compares his sequel to a piece of bad Gothic tacked to a magnificent pile of Roman architecture.

Whelpley, Samuel: Compend of History from the Earliest Times, comprehending a General View of the Present State of the World with respect to Civilization, Religion, and Government, and a brief Dissertation on the Importance of Historical Knowledge. Philadelphia, 1808. 12mo.

Worcester, J. E.: Elements of History, Ancient and Modern, with an Historical Chart. Boston, 12mo.

The two last, Robbins, the Historical Letters, and Butler, are spiritless and tasteless compends of what cannot be learned by compend.

The most esteemed Universal History is that executed by Sale, Psalmanazar, and others. London, 1747-65. 67 vols. 8vo. This edition is preferred to the

folio one.

Cory, Isaac P.: Ancient Fragments of the Phoenician, Chaldæan, Egyptian, Tyrian, Charthaginian, Indian, Persian, and other Writers; with an introductory Dissertation, and an Inquiry into the Philosophy and Trinity of the Ancients. London, 1832. 8vo.

Contains the genuine fragments (not Annius of Viterbo's) of Manetho, Sanconiathon, Berosus, Ctesias, &c., translated. The rest is formed out of passages concinnated from the ancient writers.

Heeren, A. H. L.: History of the States of Antiquity. North*ampton, Mass., 1828. 8vo.

A judicious manual; containing a good survey of the sources from which a knowledge of ancient history is to be drawn.

: Historical researches into the Politics, Intercourse, and Trade of the Principal Nations of Antiquity. Oxford, 1832. 5 vols. 8vo.

This is a translation of his "Ideen;" out of which the preceding manual is extracted.

: Reflections on the Politics of Ancient Greece. See Politics.

See, also, Herman's Manual of Political Antiquities of Greece. Histoire Ancienne abrégée, à l'Usage de l'École Royale Militaire. Brussels, 1833. 12mo.

Plutarch: Lives of Greeks and Romans. See the original in his works, among Polygraphs; and the translation, in Biography. Polybius's General History, translated by James Hampton. Oxford, 1823. 2 vols. 8vo.

Rollin, Charles: Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Grecians and Macedonians. London, 1817. 8 vols. 8vo.

: The same.

: The same.

New-York, 1824. 8 vols. 12mo.

New-York, 1828. 4 vols. 8vo.

History of the Arts and Sciences of the Ancients.

With Notes and Suppliments by James Bell. Glasgow, 1832.

This is the complement to his history, found in all the French editions, down to that of Letronne, in 1823. It has been heretofore omitted in all the English editions except the first, and all the American ones except the last-that of Harper and Brothers, 1837. 2 vols. 8vo. It forms, nevertheless, a very important and agreeable part of his work.

Russell, William: History of Ancient Europe, with a View of the Revolutions in Asia and Africa. Philadelphia, 1811. 2 vols.

8vo.

Sabbathier: Institutions, Manners, and Customs of the Ancient Nations. Translated by P. Stockdale. London, 1776. 8vo.

CHAPTER XLII.

HISTORY. Ancient States. Greece.

Arrian: Expedition of Alexander.

London, 1814. 2 vols. 8vo.

Translated by J. Rooke.

It contains, also, his " Indica" and Le Clerc's Criticism on Quintus Curtius. The version and notes are both much esteemed. See Williams, below. Barthelemi, I. I.: Travels of Anacharsis the Younger in Greece. London, 1796. 4 vols. 8vo.

The introduction forms an excellent abridgment of Greek history to the time of Philip of Macedon. The maps annexed to the work were expressly prepared for it by Barbié du Bocage, and are highly esteemed. The views of Grecian art and science, the account of the philosophic sects, of music, dramatic art, poetry, and of nearly every part of the Greek manners or institutions, are much admired.

Bulwer: Athens: Its Rise and Fall, &c. New-York, 1837. 2 vols. 12mo.

On the whole, a good and clever book.

Compendio de la Historia Griega, traducido del Ingles de Goldsmith. Paris, 1825. 2 vols. 12mo.

ΕΠΙΤΟΜΗ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ. Venice, 1807. 8vo. Frost, John History of Ancient and Modern Greece, with Maps and Engravings. Boston, 1831. 8vo.

Gillies, John History of Ancient and Modern Greece. Philadelphia, 1832 New-York, 1814. New-York, 1814. 4 vols. 8vo.

A good and rather agreeable book, written upon republican views; to which Mitford's (below) was written in an opposite sense. G's history closes with Alexander. From this point he continues it in a separate book-his History of the World.

Heeren: History of Modern Greece, with a View of the Geography, Antiquities, and Present Condition of that Country, from the London Edition, with a Continuation to the Present Time. Boston, 1827.

8vo.

: Reflections on the Politics of Ancient Greece. Boston, 1824. 8vo.

Hermann, Charles: Manual of the Political Antiquities of Greece, Historically considered. From the German. Oxford, 1836. 8vo.

Herodoti Halicarnassei, Historiarum Libri novem, Græcé. Leipsic, 1819.

8vo.

The same, translated, with Notes. By W. Beloe. London, 1791. 4 vols. 8vo.

An approved translation, with useful notes. There are many commentaries; among which those of Valcknaer and Larcher are most esteemed. The latter has been printed apart from the text. London, 1820. 2 vols. 8vo. It has many geographic elucidations. Rennel and Niebuhr have also written in illustration of his geographical system; the former copiously.

Hooke, N. History of Greece from the Earliest Times to its final Subjection to Rome. London, 1829. 8vo.

Howe, Samuel: An Historical Sketch of the Greek Revolution. New-York, 1828. 8vo.

Mengou: Narrative of a Greek Soldier. See Biography.

Miller Condition of Greece, in 1827, 8. New-York, 1828.

12mo.

Mitford, William : History of Greece. Boston, 1823. 8 vols. 8vo.

Written upon violent anti-republican notions; and much praised by Lord Byron for its partiality: a praise (if it be such) which it richly deserves; for his partialities are everywhere enlisted against the Greeks, simply because theirs were not monarchical states. His book may, indeed, be said to be devoted to the idle thesis, that states which rose, under a certain form of government, to a height of glory and power so remarkable in proportion to their size-in which arms, freedom, and the arts all flourished so incomparably-would have done better to take a differently settled polity.

Lipsiæ.

ΠΑΥΣΑΝΙΟΥ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ ΠΕΡΙΗΓΗΣΙΣ. Græcé. ---: The same, translated from the Greek, with Notes, in which much of the Mythology of the Greeks is unfolded, from a Theory which has been for many Ages unknown. With Maps and Views. London, 1724. 3 vols. 8vo.

Of the original, the best editions are those of Siebelis, Leipsig, 1822–8, 5 vols. 8vo; of Facius, Leipsig, 1794-7, 4 vols. 8vo; and of Clavier, Paris, 1814-20, 8vo, completed by Courier and Corai. The latter has the advantage of an esteemed French version. Pausanias is already given, in Geography, Greece; but is also of much historical importance; and contains, too, very copious notices as to Greek art and mythology.

Thirlwall, Connop: History of Greece (Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia.) London, 1835. 3 vols. 12mo.

Thucydides de bollo Peloponnesiaco Libri octo Græcé. Lipsiæ, 1820. sm. 8vo.

The same, translated by William Smith. Philadelphia, 1818. 2 vols. 8vo.

This is an esteemed translation. There is an old one by Hobbes, of Malmesbury, and a recent one, by Dr. Blomfield, with valuable notes. London, 1829. 3 vols. 8vo. Of the original, Bekker's is esteemed the best edition. Oxford, 1821. 4 vols. 8vo.

Thucydides is, in point of style and general manner, the admitted model of historical composition; an able politician and a finished orator. Though writing of events in which he took a conspicuous part, he is held signally impartial, and

not less exact than well-informed.