Fontenelle Histoire des Oracles. In his Works, Polygraphs.

To this Le Père Baltus wrote a counter-treatise, entitled, Réponse à l'Histoire des Oracles, Strasburg, 1707, 12mo. Clavier gave, Paris, 1811, 8vo, Mémoires sur les Oracles des Anciens. The collection, long current as those of the Cumæan Sibyl (Paris, 1607, 8vo, edente Opsopæo; or 1599, edente Brettano), is now regarded by all good critics as supposititious, and as evidently, in a large degree, of Christian fabrication. See Niebuhr's Rome. Petitus, Blondel, Gallæus, and others, have written disquisitions upon them. Thomas Taylor has given a series of Chaldean Oracles in the Classical Journal, vols. XVI., 333, and XVII., 128 and 243.

History of Oracles, and the Cheats of the Pagan Priests. London,

1818.

12mo.

This is probably taken from Fontenelle; who, however, might well be despoiled, by any fresh comer, of the materials that he had drawn from the old book of Van Dale, De Oraculis Ethnicorum, Amsterdam, 1700, 4to.

Keightly, Thomas: Mythology of Ancient Greece and Italy. 12 Plates. London, 1835. 8vo.

Mayo, Robert: A New System of Mythology. 50 Engravings. Philadelphia, 1815. 4 vols. 8vo.

Monsigny, Madame: Mythology. Windsor. 12mo.

Moritz, C. P.: Mythological Fictions of the Greeks and Romans. New-York, 1830. 12mo.

Sale, George: The Koran of Mohammed, translated from the Arabic: with Explanatory Notes, from the most approved Commentators; and a Preliminary Discourse. London, 1825. 2 vols. 8vo.

: The same. Philadelphia, 1833. 2 vols. 8vo. See, in Biography, note on Bush's Life of Mohammed.

Savary, M.: Le Coran, traduit de l'Arabe, accompagné de Notes et précédé d'un Abrégé de la Vie de Mohammed. 2 tomes,

8vo.

Tooke, Andrew: Pantheon of the Heathen Gods and Illustrious Heroes; revised and adapted for either Sex. 12mo.

This is really the work of the Jesuit, Pomey; to whom Tooke had not honesty enough to avow his obligations; publishing as original a work almost entirely borrowed. See Biographia Britannica.

See further, as to Hindhu mythology, various pieces in the works of Sir William Jones (Polygraphs), and in the Asiatic Researches, and Maurice's Indian antiquities (History of India). Moor and Ward have composed Hindhu Pantheons. There is a good and copious dictionary of fable, in French, by Noel, Paris, 1823, 2 vols. 8vo. The works referred to among the antiquities of Scandinavia, as Mallet, Percy, &c., contain the chief remains of Runic mythology. Of classic, Spencer, Bell, and Bryant are the chief English; Bottiger, Müller, and Creutzer, the chief German elucidators. Hager has given a good Chinese

Pantheon. Van Dale's De Origine et Progressu Idololatriæ et Superstitionum ; Jablonski's Pantheon Egyptiacum; Hyde's Religio Veterum Persarum, are books of much reputation. There is also a voluminous collection in French, of Cérémonies et Coutumes Religieuses de tous les Peuples, Amsterdam, 1723, 9 vols. folio; of which the numerous plates, by Picart, have more merit than the text. The part relating to America is curious. The agreeable book of Chaussard, Fêtes, &c., de la Grèce, has been previously referred to.

Burlamaqui, J. J.: Principles of Natural and Political Law. Cambridge, Mass., 1807. 2 vols. 8vo.

An esteemed compend; not so useful, however, as Vattel's.

Dymond, J.: An Inquiry into the accordance of War with the Principles of Christianity. Philadelphia, 1834. 12mo.

Grotius, Hugo: On the Rights of War and Peace. London, 1715. 3 vols. 8vo.

This translation is accompanied with the author's own notes. It is by William Evans. The later folio edition, London, 1738, is rendered more valuable by the copious commentary of Barbeyrac.

Distinguished alike by his genius, his early attainment to all the honours of learning, his devoted patriotism, his piety, the stainless integrity and the gentleness of his life, Grotius has the singular honour of having carried at once, to almost complete excellence, the noble and humane science which he founded, and of conferring the most illustrious services on a country that persecuted him, during his whole career, for some slight peculiarities in his religious opinions. Grotius, Hugues : Le Droit de la Guerre et de la Paix. Basle, 1746. 2 vols. 4to.

Harbigner of Peace: Published under the direction of the American Peace Society. New-York, 1828-30. 2 vols. 12mo.

St. Pierre is the author of a project of universal peace, to be maintained by the establishment of a Congress of all Nations, or " Polysynodie;" which is the title of his piece. In Rousseau's works there is a commentary upon his plan. Henry, C. S. American Advocate of Peace. Hartford, 1836.

8vo.

See Dymond, in Ethics, and Harbinger of Peace, above. Montesquieu Spirit of Laws. Edinburgh, 1793. 2 vols. 8vo. For the French text, see his works, among Polygraphs. For an analysis of it, see Tracy.

Puffendorf, Samuel, Baron: Law of Nature and of Nations. Translated by Basil Kennet. London, 1717. Folio.

The edition of 1749 possesses the addition of Barbeyrac's prefatory discourse and notes; and is, for this reason, more esteemed than any of the five preceding editions.

Reyneval: Instituciones del derecho Natural de Gentes. Paris, 1825. 2 vols.

Tracy Comentario sobre el Espritu de las Leyes de Montesquieu, con las Observaciones inéditas de Condorcet. Valencia, 1822.

12mo.

Wheaton, Henry: Elements of International Laws; with a Sketch of the History of the Science. Philadelphia, 1836. 8vo. There is a good history of natural law by Hubner, entitled "Essai sur l'Histoire du Droit Naturel." London, 1757. 2 vols. 8vo. Mackintosh has given, also, a good compendious treatise on its history and bibliography, under title of "A Discourse on the Study of the Law of Nature and Nations." London, 1828. 12mo. The following further books are leading ones as to the law of nature and nations: Christ. Wolf, Jus Naturæ. Frankfort, 1740. 8 vols. 4to. Ejusdem, Institutiones Juris Naturæ et Gentium. Halle, 1754. 8vo. Vattel, Law of Nations. London, 1797. 8vo. Rutherforth, Institutes of Natural Law. Cambridge, 1754. 8vo. Leibnitz, Codex Juris Gentium. Hanover, 1693. 2 vols. folio. Wicquefort, Rights of Ambassadors. London, 1740. Folio. Dumont, Corps Diplomatique du Droit des Gens. Amsterdam, 1726. 8 vols. folio, with Supplement, 1739, 3 vols. folio. Barbeyrac's Histoire des Anciens Traités. Amsterdam, 1739, 2 vols. folio. The Histoire des Traités de paix du 17e Siècle, Amsterdam, 1725, 2 vols. folio; and the Negociations pour la paix de Munster, Hague, 1724, 4 vols. folio; in all, a series of 19 vols. folio-Mably, Le Droit Publique de l'Europe, Geneva, 1764, 3 vols. 12mo; Koch, Histoire abrégée des Traités de paix, augmentée et continuee par Schoel, Paris, 1817, 18, 15 vols. 8vo; Grotius de Mari Libero, Leyden, 1635, 24mo; Selden Mare clausum (translated), London, 1652, folio.

CHAPTER CIX.

JURISPRUDENCE. Legislation. Theory and Codes.

Austin, John: The Province of Jurisprudence determined. London, 1832.

8vo.

Bentham, J.: On Morals and Legislation. Boston, 1833. 8vo. : Art of Packing Special Juries. London, 1821. 8vo. : Book of Fallacies. London, 1824. 8vo.

: Papers relating to the Codification, &c. London, 1817. 8vo.

: Scotch Reform, considered in reference to the Administration of Justice in Scotland. London, 1808. 8vo.

Bentham: Tratados de Legislacion Civil y Penal, traducidos en Castillan; con Commentario, por Roman Salas. Paris, 1820. 8vo.

Bernardi: De l'Origine et des Progrès de la Législation Française, compris la Révolution. Paris, 1816. 8vo.

Gladwin, Francis: Ayeen Akbery, or the Institutes of the Emperor Akber, translated from the original Persian. London, 1800. 2 vols. 8vo.

Michaelis: Commentaries on the Law of Moses. From the German, by A. Smith. London, 1814. 4 vols. 8vo.

Review of the Laws of the United States of North America, the British Provinces, and West India Isands, with select Precedents and Observations upon various Acts of Parliament and Acts of Assembly, and a Comparison of the Courts of Law and Practice there with that of Westminster Hall. London, 1790. 8vo.

Sampson: Discourses and Correspondence with various learned Jurists upon the History of the Law, with the addition of several Essays, Tracts, and Documents relating to the Subject, compiled and published by Pishy Thompson. Washington City, 1826. 8vo.

Staunton Translation of the Fundamental Laws, and a Selection from the Supplementary Statutes of the Penal Code of China. London, 1810. 4to.

Bentham's several books, on Judicial Evidence, Rationale of Reward, Codification Proposal, and Tactique des Assemblées Legislatives, are important. Beccaria's book on Crimes and Punishments (1764) was the first efforts towards the modern system of humanity in punishments. Filangieri's book on legislation is much valued. It is translated by Sir R. Clayton. London, 1806. 8vo. Montesquien is already referred to in NATURAL LAW. Pastoret's "Histoire de la Legislation," Paris, 1817, 4 vols. 8vo; Meyer's "Institutions Judiciaries des principaux pays de l'Europe," Hague, 1819, 2 vols. 8vo; the works of Pothier and D'Aguesseau; Jourdain and Isambert's "Anciennes Lois Françaises;" Desessart's Histoire des Tribunaux des Peuples Anciens et Modernes," Paris, 1778-84, 9 vols. 8vo, are all much valued. The treatises of Plato and Cicero, "De Legibus," the "Leges Attica" of Petitus, are the main ancient works, beyond Justinian law.

London, 1787. 8vo.

Code of Napoleon; or French Civil Code.

The body of "Discussions," which, in the French, form a commentary upon the law, are highly important in the study of general jurisprudence.

In civil law, the Institutes of Justinian, translated by Dr. Thomas Cooper, Philadelphia, 1812, 8vo; the "Pandectes de Justinien, par Pothier, Paris, 1818, 24 vols. 8vo; Domat's Civil Law, London, 1737, 2 vols. folio; the Works of Heineccius and Voet; Schulting, Jurisprudentia Ante-Justiniana; Funccius, Leges duodecem Tabularum; Vinnius, Commentarius in Institutiones Imperiales; Wood, New Institute of the Civil Law; Cocceius, Jus Civile; Cujacius, Opera; Noodt, Opera; are the chief works.

Napoleon Les Sept Codes, précédés du Tableau des Distances de Paris, &c. Paris, 1830.

Nouveau Manuel des Notaires ou Traité Theorique et Practique du Notariat. Paris, 1818. 8vo.

Pothier, T.: Œuvres. Paris, 1819. 13 vols. 8vo.

Sirez, J. B. Les cinq Codes; avec Notes et Traités pour servir

à un Cours Complet de Droit Français: à l'usage des Etudiants en Droit. A Paris, 1818. 8vo.

:

CHAPTER CXI.

JURISPRUDENCE. Common Law.

Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England. Portland, 1807. 4 vols. 8vo.

: The same. With a Life and Notes by Christian, Chitty, Lee, Hovenden, and Ryland; and References to American Cases, by a Member of the New-York Bar. New-York, 1836. 2 vols. 8vo.

The American edition of St. George Tucker is valuable, as the soundest body of constitutional law upon the doctrine of state rights.

Clark, G:: Memoranda Legalia; or, Digest of the English Law, for the Use of the Lawyer, Merchant, &c. London, 1800. 8vo.

Crabb, George: A History of the English Law; or, an Attempt to trace the Rise, and Progress, and Successive Changes of the Common Law, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time. Burlington, 1831. 8vo.

Of the constitutional law of England, Hallam's is esteemed the best history. See POLITICS.

Powell, J. G. Law of Contracts and Agreements. Walpole, N. H., 1809. 8vo.

Shepherd, William: Law of Common Assurances, touching Deeds in general. London, 1669. Folio.

Sullivan, F. S.: Lectures on the Constitution and Laws of England, with a Commentary on Magna Charta, and Illustrations of many of the English Statutes. Portland, 1805. 2 vols. 8vo.

Verplanck, G. C.: An Essay on the Doctrine of Contracts; being an Inquiry how Contracts are affected in Law and Morals by Concealment, Error, or inadequate Price. New-York. Svo. Dugdale, Origines Judiciales (London, 1666, folio); Wilkins's Leges AngloSaxonicæ (London, 1721, folio); the Laws of Howell-Dha; Selden's Fleta; Bracton, De Legibus Angliæ; Reve's History of the English Law; Coke's Littleton's Institutes; Bacon's Abridgment; Jacob's Law Dictionary; Comyn's Digest; Wynne's Eunomus; N. Bacon's Discourse on the Laws and Government of England; Hale's History of the Common Law; the same, Pleas of the Crown; and the better collections of the statutes at large (as that in the publications of the English public records commission), are the main books.