way as the triumphs of any of the world's great reformers. Unlike many artists he never allowed himself to become the creature of a fitful inspiration, but persisted in carrying to its end the work he had in hand, or performing the duty which seemed most immediate. He held himself aloof from schools, not always indeed to his advantage but seemingly impelled by some instinct which told him that even to err on the side of ignorance was better than to fall into the error of their ways. He would accept no authority from living teachers nor consent to the smallest compromise with the doctrines of the prevailing taste, which seemed to him to be rotten from the core. And with these characteristics must be noticed the steadiness that marked his development; there was no relapse, no wandering into bye and forbidden paths where fancy lured or some transient advantage tempted; his rise if gradual, was constant, when mounting from the slough of a fearless poverty he ascended to the pinnacle of fame. The whole of his earlier life, his melancholy struggles in Cassel, Copenhagen, Lübeck, and Berlin, up to his arrival at Rome, may be considered simply as a preparation for the short term of half a dozen years wherein his noblest works were put forth in the full maturity of his genius; and these works, though they exhibit no peculiar mastery of the painter's craft, nor always, indeed, what is most perfect in method or finish, do in the subtlest and surest manner indicate the true artist-soul alive with the finest instinct for beauty, for grace, for consummate chastity of form. It was not in training the hand but in elevating the soul that Carstens recognized the essential for any art worthy of the name; and following out in practice the note of this sublime idea he left such monuments as show that one can be a great genius in art even when one is far from possessing a complete control over all its complex methods and mediums. His life, in other words, was the answer to the famous query which Lessing puts into the mouth of one of his characters when he demands "If Raphael had been born without hands would he have still been a great artist ?" All superficial judgments and passing prejudices aside, the important but too often neglected truth remains that what is best in art comes not from the hand but from the head; and this it was which Carstens brought clearly, by the exhibition of his works, to the comprehension of his contemporaries. The lesson when learned taught the Germans the way to their modern art. Carstens left no school properly so called. His life was short and obscure, his friends were few, his methods unfit for common practice. What he had, his spirit, his insight, his original and extraordinary retentiveness of memory, his masterly conceptions based on far-reaching ethical principles-these were qualities of which only the illustrious tradition could be transmitted. As a restorer of German art to some degree of simplicity he was first hailed by Goethe and Schiller in the pages of the "Horen." But even when years had intervened since his unhappy quarrel with the Curatorium of the Berlin Academy, the efforts of these "poet-princes" in his behalf could not soften the smart which his stubbornness had left in the feelings of the Prussian authorities, nor obliterate the odium of his discords with rulers, ministers, and patrons. He died before he could make his mark in the picture galleries of Europe by paintings hung upon their walls, therefore his name is forgotten; but his influence remains. FREDERICK WELLS WILLIAMS. UNIVERSITY TOPICS. PHILOSOPHICAL CLUB. Mar. 5th, 1889. Kant's Ethical Theory in Relation to His other Thought. Mr. Arthur Fairbanks. Mar. 19. Bostiöm's Philosophy. Mr. Fritz Jacobson. THE SEMITIC CLUB. March 6th, a paper was read by Mr. Charles H. Wissner on the second Assyrian period. The paper gave a condensed history of the reigns of Tiglath Pileser II., Sargon, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ašurbanipal. Special attention was given to the decline of the Empire under Ašurbanipal, and its fall under his successor. March 20th, Synopses of recent articles on Semitic subjects were read by different members of the club. April 3d, Mr. Frank K. Sanders read a paper on the Second Period of Babylonian Supremacy. The paper touched upon the sources of the history, the sudden rise of the Empire under Nebuchadnezzar, his wars and public works, his character and place in history, emphasizing his relations with Judea and Egypt. The weakening of the real strength of the Empire under his successors and its fall under the royal antiquarian Nabonidus, when Cyrus at last became able to reach the gates of Babylon. YALE UNIVERSITY BULLETIN. No. 84.-WEEK ENDING APRIL 6, 1889. Sunday, March 31.—Public Worship—Battell Chapel, 10.30 A. M. Rev. William R. Richards, of Plainfield, N. J. General Religious MeetingDwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Address by the Rev. Mr. Richards. Monday, April 1.-Philosophical Club-A Study in Ethical Method, by Mr. Harlow Gale. Room D, East Divinity Hall, 8 P. M. University Reception-Dwight Hall, 8-11 P. M. Tuesday, April 2.-The Antiquity of Man (Lecture in the Sheffield Scientific School Course)-Professor Verrill. North Sheffield Hall, 8 P. M. Wednesday, April 3.-Metaphysics (University Lecture)-Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 5 P. M. Semitic Club-Historical Paper by Mr. F. K. Sanders, on the Babylonian Period. 135 College st., 7 P. M. University Chamber Concert-Beethoven Quartette. North Sheffield Hall, 8.15 P. M. Friday, April 5.-History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)—Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 4 P. M. Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer)-Room 89, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M. Lecture Preparatory to Communion Service-Dwight Hall, 7.30 P. M. The Laborer and his Employer (Lecture in the Sheffield Scientific School Course)-President Francis A. Walker, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. North Sheffield Hall, 8 P. M. University Chamber Concerts-The Sixth and Final Concert of the Series will be given by the Beethoven Quartette on Wednesday evening, April 3, with the following programme: 1. Mozart.-Quartette, C major (17, Peters). 2. Beethoven.-From Serenade Op. 8, for Violin, Viola and Cello. 3. Schubert.--Op. posth., D minor. No 85.-WEEK ENDING APRIL 13, 1889. Sunday, April 7.-Public Worship, followed by Communion ServiceBattell Chapel, 10.30 A. M. Rev. President Dwight. General Religious Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Addresses by Students. Tuesday, April 9.--The Brain (University Lecture)-Professor Williston. Room 11, Medical College, 4 P. M. Mathematical Club-Mr. E. H. Moore, concerning Six, especially six points in a space of four dimen sions. Sloane Laboratory, 7.30 P. M. Classical and Philological Society -Professor Goodell, on Recent Excavations at Mycenae. Room D, East Divity Hall, 8 P. M. Wednesday, April 10.-Metaphysics (University Lecture)-Professor Ladd. 194 Old Chapel, 4 P. M. History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 5 P. M. Thursday, April 11.-College Junior Exhibition-Battell Chapel, 3 P. M. Friday, April 12.-History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 4 P. M. The Brain (University Lecture)-Professor Williston. Room 11, Medical College, 4 P. M. Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer)-- Room 89, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M. Political Science Club-Paper by Mr. D. E. Leary, on Factory Legislation. 195 Old Chapel, 7.30 P. M. Junior Fxhibition-Yale College.-The Junior Exhibition will be held in the Battell Chapel on Thursday, April 11, at 3 P. M. The following is the order of speakers, with their subjects: 1. Roger S. Baldwin, on Cardinal Lavigerie. 2. Yale Kneeland, on Henry Ward Beecher in England in 1863. 3. John Crosby, on John Wilmot, 2d Earl of Rochester. 4. John D. Jackson, on Voltaire's Influence on Liberalism in France. 5. Lewis S. Haslam, on Julian the Apostate. 6. George A. Hurd, on the Provençal Element in Daudet. 7. Walter A. DeCamp, on Walt Whitman. 8. Wolcott W. Ellsworth, on some Conceptions of Job's Author. The Henry James TenEyck Prizes, the income of a fund of twenty-six hundred dollars, established in 1888 by the Kingsley Trust Association in memory of Henry James Ten Eyck (Yale College, 1879), will be awarded by the Faculty to the successful competitors. No. 86.-Two WEEKS ENDING APRIL 27, 1889. Sunday, April 14.-Public Worship-Battell Chapel, 10.30 a. M. Rev. Professor Harris. General Religious Meeting-Dwight Hall, 6.30 P. M. Address by Professor Harris. Tuesday, April 16.-The Brain (University Lecture)-Professor Williston. Room 11, Medical College, 4 P. M. Philosophical Club-Paper by Professor DuBois, on Science and Immortality. Room D, East Divinity Hall, 8 P. M. Wednesday, April 17.-Spring Recess (College and Sheffield Scientific School) begins, 9.30 A. M. Sophomore Compositions due at 9.30 A. M. at No. 153 Farnam Hall. History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 5 P. M. Wednesday, April 24.-Spring Recess (College and Scientific School) ends. Friday, April 26.-History of Old Testament Prophecy (University Lecture)-Professor Harper. Room B, Cabinet, 4 P. M. The Brain (University Lecture)-Professor Williston. Room 11, Medical College, 4 P. M. Berkeley Association (Evening Prayer)—Room 89, Dwight Hall, 6.45 P. M. Junior Compositions-Yale College.-The last Junior Compositions for the year will be due at No. 2 Treasury Building on June 1. The following subjects are prescribed. Any persons wishing to write on other subjects must obtain permission to do so before May 10. 1. Should the diplomatic service of the United States be changed with each administration? 2. Étienne Dolet (as a representative of Renaissance Humanism). 3. Effects of the present system of representation in the Lower House of the Connecticut Legislature. 4. Hogarth as a teacher of morals. 5. The relation of Christian missionaries to civilization. 6. Yale in the Civil War. 7. Shakspere's personality, as expressed in his Sonnets. 8. Studies of Elizabethan middle-class life in the plays of Dekker and Mid |