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and possessing ourselves of his territories, operated almost exclusively upon the was certainly a question which required husbandman; and if this system were much consideration before he could be sa continued, the agriculture of this country tisfied with the justice of it. As to the could never retrieve itself. He thought cant about legitimacy, he thought it was some mode must be adopted of apporlikely to produce mischief. To the people tioning taxation equally among the diffeit could do no good, but it might put into rent branches of society; and certain he the heads of some weak and wicked was that none could be gainers by the princes, that they had other titles to rule distress of the agriculturist. However the besides those upon which a good govern- stockholder might at present seem to ment rested its support.

have the advantage, he would find in the Mr. Marryat admitted that distress pre- end that the prosperity of agriculture was vailed in the country to a considerable ex. the only firm basis of security. He obtent, but considered it as the necessary and served, that one part of the address from unavoidable consequence of the events that the throne recommended union among all had taken place. The price of commodities classes of society, to ensure that prospehad also materially risen: this likewise was rity which could not fail to ensue froin an inevitable consequence of the same course the success we had enjoyed. He did not of things, and unless that course con- know exactly what was meant by this; tinued, it was impossible that our com- he was aware of no disunion, unless we merce should continue on the same scale could designate as such that spirit which in which it had lately been carried on. actuated every individual to save himself

The pressure of the moment had fallen as far as possible from the gripe of exclu'chiefly on the body of exporters ; but it sive taxation ; but certainly the greatest had become almost necessary that some disunion might prevail unless all were check should be given to inordinate spe- willing to bear the weight of equal taxaculation. However severe the regimen tion. There were several taxes, bearing that circumstances had produced, he con excessively on the agriculturist, which sidered it on the whole as salutary and must be repealed. There was the Malt.wholesome. Still he admitted that the se- tax; a tax which amounted almost to a verity of distress prevailed in many in- prohibition of that article; a tax which stances; but if ministers would take the operated most cruelly on the industrious situation of the country into their serious peasant, who could not now obtain a drop consideration; if they would, to the best of that invigorating beverage so necessary of their power, apportion among the diffe- to the discharge of his laborious functions. rent branches of society the burthens to He thought we should review our taxes be borne by the public, this would be as they affected the titheholders. When found the most effectual means to make agricultural produce bore a high price, our revenue and expenditure meet. The every tax upon that produce operated as measures in contemplation with regard to a bonus on tithes, because they always the mode in which the exigencies of the rose in proportion to the nominal price of country were to be supplied, were not of commodities. But though the sellers of a permanent, but of a teinporary nature. some commodities were no losers by the He thought, therefore, there was no in- imposition of a tax (as was the case, for consistency in the statement that our com- instance, with the wine-merchant), yet it merce and revenue were in a flourishing was not so with the farmer: in agriculture state, and he could not reproach himself there was such a competition, that the with having acted wrong in voting for the smaller farmers could not wait for a rise of Address.

price, but must bring their goods to market Mr. Lockhart agreed, that for the most immediately. If, therefore, other duties part the distress that prevailed was tem- were to be lessened, we must at least be porary; but he could not consider this careful to impose no taxes on agriculture, to be the case with the agricultural inte in which the titheholders should not also rest. The pressure on that portion of so- participate. The titheholder, we must ciety was not occasioned by any tempo. remember, was a gainer by all improverary or transient causes, but arose from ments, although he was at no expense tothe operation of positive laws; and it was wards their adoption. Upon the whole, not till these laws were repealed that agri- he was convinced that our agriculture, culture could again hold up its head. It unless assisted, must very soon fail to arose from that system of taxation that supply the necessities of the country. He had taken the liberty of saying these few 4. Treaty between Prussia and Saxony, 18 words, because he was acquainted with

May. many practical agriculturists, and he was 5. Decluration of the King of Sarony, and certain that there never was a time in

Acceptation, on the rights of the House of

Schoenburg, 18 & 19 May. which not only tenants, but landlords also,

6. Treaty between Prussia and Hanover, felt greater depression and distress, and

29 May. that unless we altered the system, we 7. Convention between Prussia and the Grand should find this not the height, but the Duke of Sare-Weimar, 1 June. beginning of all our evils. The artificial 8. Convention between Prussia and the Duke currency of the country he considered as and Prince of Nassau, 31 May. one cause, and as a great aggravation of De Federative Constitution of Germany, 8 June. the distress that prevailed. He did not 10. Treaty between the King of the Low Counsay that we could altogether remedy this

tries and Prussia, England, Austria, and

Russia, 31 May. distress, but he thought it incumbent on

Act for the acceptance of the Sovereignty the House to direct all their attention to

of the Belgic Provinces, by his Royal lighten the burthens of the agriculturist, Highness, signed at the Hague, 21 July, and put him on a fair relation with the 1814. titheholder and landholder. He had 11. Declaration of the Powers on the affairs of made these observations from no selfish the Helvetic Confederacy, signed at motives; the little property he possessed Vienna, 20 Murch, 1815. was almost equally divided, partly real

Acceptance of the Diet of the Swiss Confeand partly funded; but he was convinced | 12. Protocol on the cessions made by the King

deration, signed at Zurich, 27 May. that our security must ultimately depend 12. Protocol on the cessions made by the King

of Sardinia to the Canton of Geneva, on the protection afforded the agricultural

signed at Vienna, 29 March. interest.

13. Treaty between the King of Sardinia, AuThe Address was then agreed to, and stria, England, Russia, Prussia, and ordered to be presented by such members France, 20 May. as were members of the privy council. 14. Conditions which are to serve as the bases

of the union of the Genoese States to those Copy of THE GENERAL TREATY

of his Sardinian Majesty, 20 May, SIGNED IN CONGRESS AT Vienna.]

Cession made by his Majesty the King of

Sardinia, to the Canton of Geneva, 20 Lord Castlereagh presented to the House,

May. by command of the Prince Regent, a 15. Declaration of the Powers regarding the Paper intituled, “ General Treaty, signed abolition of the Slave Trade, 8 February. in Congress at Vienna, June 9, 1815, with 16. Regulations for the free navigation of the Acts thereunto annexed.” Of which rivers, 8 February. the following is a translation :

Articles concerning the navigation of the

Rhine, 8 February. GENERAL TREATY,

Articles concerning the navigation of the

Necker, of the Mayne, of the Moselle, of

the Meuse, and of the Scheldt, 8 February,

17. Regulation concerning the precedence of IN CONGRESS,

Diplomatic Agents, 19 March.
AT VIENNA, JUNE 9, 1815; WITH THE

GENERAL TREATY.
ACTS

(Translation.)
THEREUNTO ANNEXED.

In the name of the Most Holy and Undi

vided Trinity: The Powers who signed the Treaty con

cluded at Paris on the 30th of May 1814, List.

having assembled at Vienna, in pursuance GENERAL TREATY of Congress, signed of the 32d Article of that Act, with the at Vienna, 9 June, 1815.

princes and states their Allies, to complete 1. Treaty between Russia and Austria, 21 the provisions of the said Treaty, and to add April, 3 May.

to them the arrangements rendered necessary 2. Treaty, between Russia and Prussia, 21 by the state in which Europe was left at the April, 3 May.

termination of the last war, being now de3. Additional Treaty, relative to Cracow, be- sirous to embrace, in one common transac

tween Austria, Prussia, and Russia, 21 tion, the various results of their negociations, April, 3 May

for the purpose of confirming them by their Constitution of the Free City of Cracow, reciprocal ratifications, have authorized their 3 May.

Plenipotentiaries to unite, in a general in

SIGNED

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sørüment, the regulations of superior and of the Royal and Military Order of St. Louis,
permanent interest, and to join to that act, Grand-Cross of the Royal and Military Order
as integral parts of the arrangements of of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus, Knight of the
Congress, the Treaties, Conventions, Decla- Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Leopold of
rations, Regulations, and other particular St. Wolodimir, of Merit of Prussia, and Colo-
acts, as cited in the present Treaty. And nel in the service of France.
the above-mentioned powers having appointed His Majesty the King of the United King-
Plenipotentiaries to the Congress, that is to dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right
say:

Honourable Robert Stewart, Viscount Cas. His majesty the Emperor of Austria, King tlereagh, Privy Counsellor of his said Majesty, of Hungary and Bohemia, the Sieur Clement- Member of Parliament, Colonel of the Lon Venceslas-Lothaire, Prince de Metternich- donderry Regiment of Militia, his principal Winnebourg-Ochsenhausen, Kniglit of the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and Golden Fleece, Grand-Cross of the Royal Knight of the most noble Order of the Order of St. Stephen, Knight of the Orders Garter, &c. &c. &c. The most excellent and of St. Andrew, of St. Alexander-Newsky, most illustrious Lord Arthur Wellesley, Duke, and of St. Anne of the First Class, Grand Marquess, and Earl of Wellington, Marquess Cordon of the Legion of Honour, Knight of Douro, Viscount Wellington of Talavera and the Order of the Elephant, of the Supreme. of Wellington, and Baron Douro of Wellesley, Order of the Annunciation, of the Black Privy Councillor of his said Majesty, Marshal Eagle and the Red Eagle, of the Seraphim, of his armies, Colonel of the Royal Regiment of St. Joseph of Tuscany, of St. Hubert, of of Horse-Guards, Knight of the most noble the Goldon Eagle of Wurtemberg, of Fidelity Order of the Garter, and Knight Grand-Cross of Baden, of St. John of Jerusalem, and of of the most honourable Military Order of the several others; Chancellor of the military Bath : Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, and Grandee Order of Maria-Theresa, a Trustee of the of Spain of the First Class, Duke of Vittoria, Academy of the Fine Arts, Chamberlain, Marquess of Torres Vedras, Conde de ViPrivy Councillor of his Majesty the Emperor meira in Portugal; Knight of the most illusof Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, trious Order of the Golden Fleece, of the his Minister of State, of Conferences, and of Military Order of St. Ferdinand of Spain, Foreign Affairs; and the Sieur John-Philip, Knight Grand-Cross of the Imperial and MiBaron de Wessenberg, Knight Grand-Cross litary Order of Maria-Theresa, Knight Grandof the Military and Religious Order of St. Cross of the Military Order of St. George of Maurice and St. Lazarus, Grand-Cross of the Russia of the First Class; Knight GrandOrder of the Red Eagle of Prussia, and of Cross of the Royal and Military Order of the the Crown of Bavaria, Chamberlain, and Tower and Sword of Portugal; Knight GrandPrivy Councillor of his Imperial and Royal Cross of the Royal and Military Order of the Apostolic Majesty.

Sword of Sweden, &c. &c. &c. The right His Majesty the King of Spain, and the honourable Richard Le Poer Trench, Earl of Indies, Don Peter Gomez Labrador, Knight Clancarty, Viscount Dunlo, Baron Kilconnel, of the Royal and distinguished Order of Privy Councillor of his said Majesty, PreCharles 3 ; his Counsellor of State.

sident of the Committee of Council for the His Majesty the King of France and Na- Affairs of Trade and Colonies, Post-Mastervarre, the Sieur Charles Maurice de Talley-General, Colonel of the Galway Regiment of * rand-Perigord, Prince of Talleyrand, Peer of Militia, and Knight Grand-Cross of the most France, Minister, Secretary of State in the honourable Order of the Bath. The right Department of Foreign Affairs, Grand-Cordon honourable William Shaw, Earl Cathcart, of the Legion of Honour, Knight of the Order Viscount Cathcart, Baron Cathcart and of the Golden Fleece, Grand Cross of the Greenock, Peer of Parliament, Privy CounOrder of St. Stephen of Hungary, of the cillor of his said Majesty, Knight of the most Order of St. Andrew, of the Orders of the ancient and most honourable Order of the Black Eagle and the Red Eagle, of tho Order Thistle, and of the Orders of Russia, General of the Elephant, of the Order of St. Hubert, of his armies, Vice-admiral of Scotland, of the Crown of Saxony, of the Order of St. Colonel of the second regiment of LifeJoseph, of the Order of the Sun of Persia, Guards, his Ambassador Extraordinary and &c. &c. &c. The Sieur Duke d'Alberg, Plenipotentiary to his Majesty the Emperor & Minister of State to his Majesty the King of of all the Russias. And the right honouraFrance and Navarre, Grand-Cordon of the ble Charles William Stewart, Lord Stewart, a Legiori of Honour, of that of Fidelity of Lord of his Majesty's bed-chamber, Privy Baden, and Knight of the Order of St. John Councillor of his said Majesty, Lieutenantof Jerusalem; the Sieur Count Gouvernet de general of his armies, Colonel of the twentieth Latour du Pin, Knight of the Royal and Mili- Regiment of Light Dragoons, Governor of tary Order of St. Louis, and of the Legion of Fort Charles in Jamaica, Knight Grand-Cross Honour, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister of the most honourable military Order of the Plenipotentiary of his said Majesty to his Bath, Knight Grand-Cross of the Orders of Majesty, the King of the Netherlands; and the Black and Red Eagle of Prussia, Knight the Sieur Alexis Count de Noailles, Knight Grand-Cross of the Order of the Tower and

Sword of Portugal, and Knight of the Order sia, of the Polar Star of Sweden, and of the of St. George of Russia.

Golden Eagle of Wurtemberg. His royal highness the Prince Regent of His majesty the King of Sweden and Nopthe kingdoms of Portugal and the Brazils, the way, the Šieur Charles Axel, Count de LowenSieur Don Peter de Sousa Holstein, Count of hielm, Major-general of his Armies, Colonel Palmella, a member of his council, Comman- of a regiment of Infantry, Chamberlain, his ders of the Order of Christ, captain of the Envoy Extraordinary and Minister PlenipoGerman Company of Body Guards, Grandtentiary to his majesty the Emperor of all the Cross of the royal and distinguished Order of Russias, Vice Chancellor of his Orders, ComCharles 3 of Spain. The Sieur. Antonio de mander of his Order of the Polar Star, and Saldanha da Gama, a member of his Council Knight of the Order of the Sword; Knight of and of the Finances, his Envoy Extraordinary the Orders of Russia, of St. Anne of the first and Minister Plenipotentiary to his majesty class, and of St. George of the fourth class; the Emperor of all the Russias, Commander Knight of the Prussian Order of the Red of the Military Order of St. Benedict of Avez, Eagle of the first class, and Commander of First Equerry to her royal highness the Prin- the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. cess of Brazil. And the Sieur Don Joachim Such of the above Plenipotentiaries as have Lobo da Silveira, a member of his Council, assisted at the close of the negociations, after Commander of the Order of Christ.

having produced their full powers, found in His majesty the King of Prussia, the Prince good and due form, have agreed to place in Hardenberg, his Chancellor of State, Knight the said general Instrument, the following of the Grand Orders of the Black Eagle and Articles, and to affix to them their signatures: the Red Eagle, of St. John of Jerusalem, and ARTICLE I. The duchy of Warsaw, with of the Iron Cross of Prussia, of the Orders of the exception of the provinces and districts St. Andrew, of St. Alexander Newsky, and of which are otherwise disposed of by the folSt. Anne of the first class of Russia, Grand lowing Articles, is united to the Russian emCross of the Royal Order of St. Stephen of pire, to which it shall be irrevocably attached Hungary, Grand Cordon of the Legion of by its constitution, and be possessed by his Honour, Grand Cross of the Order of Charles majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, his 3 of Spain, of St. Hubert of Bavaria, of the heirs and successors in perpetuity. His ImSupreme Order of the Annunciation of Sar- perial Majesty reserves to himself to give to dinia, Knight of the Order of the Seraphim of this State, enjoying a distinct Administration, Sweden, of the Elephant of Denmark, of the the interior improvement which he shall Golden Eagle of Wurtemberg, and of several judge proper. He shall assume with his others. And the Sieur Charles William, other titles that of Czar, King of Poland, Baron de Humboldt, his Minister of State, agreeably to the form established for the titles Chamberlain, Envoy Extraordinary and Mi- attached to his other possessions.—The Poles, nister Plenipotentiary to his Imperial and who are respective subjects of Russia, AusRoyal Apostolic Majesty, Knight of the Grand tria, and Prussia, shall obtain a representa

, Order of the Red Eagle, and of the Iron Cross tion, and national institutions, regulated acof Prussia of the first class, Grand Cross of cording to the degree of political considerathe Order of St. Anne of Russia, of the Order tion, that each of the governments to which of Leopold of Austria, and of the Crown of they belong shall judge expedient and proper Bavaria.

to grant them. His majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, ART. II. The part of the duchy of Warthe Sieur Andrew, Prince de Rasoumoffsky, saw which his majesty the King of Prussia his Privy Councillor, Senator, Knight of the shall possess in full sovereignty and property, Orders of St. Andrew, of St. Wolodimir

, of for himself

, his heirs, and successors, under St. Alexander Newsky, and of St. Anne of the the title of the Grand Duchy of Posen, shall first class, Grand Cross of the Royal Order of be comprised within the following line : St. Stephen, and of those of the Black Eagle Proceeding from the frontier of Eastern and the Red Eagle of Prussia. The Sieur Prussia to the village of Neuhoff, the new limit Gustavus Count de Stackelberg, his Privy shall follow the frontier of Western Prussia, Counsellor, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister such as it subsisted from 1772 to the Peace of Plenipotentiary to his Imperial and Royal Tilsit, to the village of Leibitsch, which shall Apostolic Majesty, Chamberlain, Knight of belong to the duchy of Warsaw; from thence the Order of St. Alexander Newsky, Grand shall be drawn a line, which, leaving KomCross of the Order of St. Wolodimir and of pania, Grabowiec, and Szczytno to Prussia, St. Anne of the first class, Grand Cross of the passes the Vistula, near the last-mentioned Order of St. Stephen, of the Black Eagle and place, from the other side of the river, which the Red Eagle of Prussia. And the Sieur falls into the Vistula opposite Szczytno, to the Charles, Count de Nesselrode, his Privy ancient limit of the district of the Netze, Councillor, Chamberlain, Secretary of State near Gross Opoczko, so that Sluzewo shall for Foreign Affairs, Knight of the Order of St. belong to the duchy, and Przylranowa, HolAlexander Newsky, Grand Cross of the Order lander, and Maciejewo, to Prussia. From Gross of St. Wolodimir of the second class, of St. Ste- Opoczkzo it shall pass by Chlewiska, which phen of Hungary, of the Red Eagle of Prus- shall remain to Prussia, to the village of Przybyslaw, and from thence by the villages | vinces, till it reaches the frontiers of Silesiani of Piaski, Chelmce, Witowiczki, Kobylinka, Prussia. Woyezyn, Orchowo, to the town of Powidz. ART. VIII. His majesty the Emperor of From Powidz it shall continue by the town of Austria, wishing particularly to facilitate as Slupee to the point of confluence of the rivers much as possible on his part, the commercial Wartha and Prosna. From this point it shall relations and good neighbourhood between re-ascend the course of the river Prosna to Galicia and the free towns of Cracow, grants the village of Koscielnawies, to within one for ever to the town of Podgorze, the privileague of the town of Kalisch. Then leaving leges of a free commercial town, such as are to that town on the side of the left bank of enjoyed by the town of Brody. This liberty the Prosna) a semi-circular territory measured of commerce shall extend to a distance of 500 by the distance from Koscielnawies to Kalisch, toises from the barrier of the suburbs of the the line shall return to the course of the town of Podgorze. In consequence of this Prosna, and shall continue to follow it, re- perpetual concession, which nevertheless shall ascending by the towns of Grabow, Wierus- not affect the rights of sovereignty of his zow, Bolesławice, so as to terminate near the Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, the village of Gola, upon the frontier of Silesia Austrian custom-houses shall be established opposite Pitschin.

only in places situated beyond that limit. ART. III. His Imperial and Royal Apos. No military establishment shall be formed tolic Majesty shall possess, in full property that can menace the neutrality of Cracow, or and sovereignty, the salt-mines of Wieliczka, obstruct the liberty of commerce which his and the territory thereto belonging.

Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty grants ART. IV. The way or bed of the Vislula to the town and district of Podgorze. shall separate Gallicia from the territory of ART. IX. The Courts of Russia, Austria, the free town of Cracow. It shall serve at and Prussia engage to respect, and to cause the same time as the frontier between Gal- 1 to be always respected, the neutrality of the licia and that part of the ancient duchy of free town of Cracow and its territory. No Warsaw united to the states of his majesty armed force shall be introduced upon any the Emperor of all the Russias, as far as the pretence whatever. On the other hand it is vicinity of the town of Zavichost. From understood and expressly stipulated that no Zavichost to the Bug, the dry frontier shall asylum shall be afforded in the free town and be determined by the line drawn in the Treaty territory of Cracow, to fugitives, deserters and of Vienna of 1809, excepting such modifica- persons under prosecution, belonging to the tions as by common consent may be thought country of either of the High Powers aforenecessary to be introduced. The frontier said; and in the event of the demand of their from the Bug shall be re-established on this surrender by the competent authorities, such side between the two empires, such as it was individuals shall be arrested and given up before the said Treaty.

without delay, and conveyed, under a proper ART. V. His majesty the Emperor of all | escort, to the guard appointed to receive them the Russias, cedes to his Imperial and Royal at the frontier. Apostolic Majesty the districts which have ART. X. The dispositions of the constibeen separated from Eastern Gallicia, in con- tution of the free town of Cracow, concerning sequence of the Treaty of Vienna of 1809, the Academy, the Bishopric and Chapter of from the circles of Zloozow, Brzezan, Tarno- that town, such as they are specified in the 7th, pole, and Zalesczyk, and the frontiers on this 15th, 16th and 17th Articles of the additional side shall be re-established, such as they were Treaty relative to Cracow, which is annexed before the date of the said Treaty.

to the present General Treaty, shall have the ART, VI. The town of Cracow, with its same force and validity as if they were texterritory, is declared to be for ever a free, tually inserted in this Act. independant, and strictly neutral city, under ART. XI. A full, general, and special amthe protection of Austria, Russia, and Prussia. nesty shall be granteil in favour of all indi

ART. VII. The territory of the free town viduals, of whatever rank, sex, or condition of Cracow shall have for its frontierch begin XRT. XII. In consequence of the preceding

the they may

, ning at the spot near the village of Wolica, Article, no person in future shall be prosewhere a stream falls into the Vistula, shall cuted or disturbed, in any manner, by reason ascend this stream by Clo, and Koscielniki as of any participation, direct or indireci, at any far as Czulice, so that these villages may be time, in the political, civil, or military events included in the district of the free town of in Poland. All proceedings, suits, or proseCracow : from thence passing along the fron- cutions are considered as null

, the sequestratiers of these villages, the line shall continue tions and provisional confiscations shall be by Dziekanovice, Garlice, Tomaszou, Karnio- taken off, and every Act promulgated on this wice, which shall also remain in the territory ground shall be of no effect. of Cracow, to the point where the limit begins ART. XIII. From these general regulawhich separates the district of Krzeszowice tions on the subject of confiscations are exfrom that of Olkusz; from thence it shall cepted all those cases in which edicts or senfollow this limit between the two said pro- tences, finally pronounced have already been

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