Whitfield and A. D. Hazen to be Second and Third Assistant Postmasters-General, Charles E. Mitchell to be Commissioner of Patents, and John W. Mason to be Commissioner of Internal Revenue. France: The Duc d'Aumale is elected a member of the French Academy.

20. Congress: F. D. Grant nominated Minister to Austria, John C. New to be Consul-General at London. England and America officially in accord on the Samoan question.

21. Congress: Miles C. Moore nominated for Governor of Washington Territory.

22. Stanley Matthews, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, dies. Germany: The action of the consul at Samoa officially disapproved.

23. Congress: James Tanner nominated to be Commissioner of Pensions, Whitelaw Reid Minister to France, Julius Goldschmidt Consul - General at Vienna. Africa: News received that Emin Pasha has routed 6,000 dervishes.

24. Chicago Anarchists celebrate the eighteenth anniversary of the Paris Commune.

26. Congress: Francis E. Warren nominated to be Governor of Wyoming, and Benjamin F. White to be Governor of Montana. The King of Holland is declared incapable of reigning.

27. The Fall River strike ends. The President nominates Robert T. Lincoln Minister to England, Murat Halsted to Germany, Allen Thorndike Rice to Russia, George B. Loring to Portugal, Patrick Egan to Chili, and Thomas Ryan to Mexico. England: John Bright and the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos die. The Queens of England and Spain meet at San Sebastian.

28. Congress: The Senate refuses to confirm Murat Halsted as Minister to Germany.

29. A deputy United States marshal is killed by a band of outlaws in Kentucky. Congress: Senate Robert Adam, Jr., nominated Minister to Brazil, L. B. Mizner to Central American states, William L. Scruggs to Venezuela, William O. Bradley to Corea, and George L. Shoup to be Governor of Idaho. France: The Government decides to prosecute Gen. Boulanger. Russia: A plot to assassinate the Czar discovered and many arrests made.

30. Congress: The Senate reconsiders its vote on Murat Halsted's nomination, but still refuses to confirm his appointment; nominations are made of John T. Abbott as Minister to Colombia, and E. H. Terrill as Minister to Belgium; ten delegates to the American International Congress are nominated. England: Funeral of John Bright.

31. Cardinal Gibbons, on behalf of the American Catholic bishops, receives a letter from the Pope.

April 1. The United States gunboats Richmond, Alert, and Adams are ordered to Samoa to replace the vessels lost in the hurricane of Feb. 14. (See DISASTERS.) In St. Louis 3,000 carpenters strike for higher wages. Congress: S. N. Huston, of Indiana, nominated to be Treasurer of the United States. Germany: The cruisers Sperber and Alexandrine are ordered to replace those wrecked at Samoa Feb. 14. Africa: Stanley heard from under date of Sept. 4. 2. Congress: Senate, Robert J. Fisher nominated to be Assistant Commissioner of Patents. Senate adjourns sine die.

3. Africa: King John of Abyssinia defeated and slain. France: Gen. Boulanger issues a manifesto to the French people from Brussels. Roumania: The ministry resigns.

4. France: The Chamber of Deputies sanctions the prosecution of Gen. Boulanger.

5. Cornelius Van Cott appointed postmaster at New York.

11. Strike of street railroads in Minneapolis. The Duke of Nassau takes oath of office as Regent of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg.

12. Lyman E. Knapp is appointed Governor of Alaska. The New York Assembly votes to move the State Prison from Sing Sing. France: The trial of Gen. Boulanger is begun before the Senate court.

16. The Richmond and Alleghany Railroad is sold to the Chesapeake and Ohio for $5,000,000. The National Academy of Sciences meets in Washington. Wm. P. Hepburn appointed Solicitor of the Treasury.

17. Robert P. Porter appointed Superintendent of the Census, and E. C. Lacy Comptroller of the Currency. Prof. O. C. Marsh of Yale elected President of the National Academy of Sciences.

19. Russia: A Nihilist plot to assassinate the Czar discovered.

22. The district of Oklahoma thrown open to settlers. Several fatal encounters take place among rival claimants of homesteads. Prohibítory amendment to the Constitution of Massachusetts defeated.

24. Government dry-dock, the largest in the United States, opened at Newport News, Va. England: Gen. Boulanger and his party arrive in London.

25. Several deaths from exposure are reported from Oklahoma. Roumania: Prince Ferdinand is announced as heir to the throne.

26. Dr. Daniel Dorchester, of Boston, is appointed Superintendent of Indian Schools.

27. "Buffalo Bill's Wild West" sails on its two years' trip through Europe. Death of President Barnard, of Columbia College.

28. Lord Londonderry resigns as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

29. Germany: International Conference opens at Berlin concerning Samoan affairs. Spain: A Catholic Congress in Madrid demands the restoration of the Pope's temporal power. Centennial celebration in honor of Washington's first inauguration as President opens in New York (see May 1).

30. The Washington Centennial is observed in many of the large cities and towns of the United States, and even in Montreal, Canada.

May 1. End of the Centennial celebration in New York.

3. Sir Julian Pauncefote, the new British Minister, is presented to the President.

5. The centennial of the French Revolution is celebrated at Versailles and various other foreign cities. 6. France: The Universal Exposition is formally opened in Paris.

7. Frank W. Palmer appointed public printer. Theodore Roosevelt and Hugh S. Thompson appointed Civil Service Commissioners.

8. The International Young Men's Christian Association Convention opens in Philadelphia. Germany: Conflict between strikers and the military at Essen, several killed.

10. Fatal encounters between the military and striking miners in Westphalia, Germany.

12. Highwaymen attack the escort of an army paymaster in Arizona and secure $30,000, killing and wounding several men. Germany: Strikers are fired upon by the military at Schleswig, and six persons are killed.

13. The Supreme Court declares that the Chinese exclusion act is valid, and gives an opinion in favor of the heirs of Myra Clark Gaines in their suit against the city of New Orleans. Germany: Nearly 100,000 miners are "on strike" in the Westphalian mining regions.

15. Western bondholders bid off the Wabash line for $15,500,000.

16. Meeting of the General Assemblies of the various branches of the Presbyterian Church. Solomon Hirsch appointed Minister to Turkey, Clark E. Karr to Denmark, Henry W. Leverance to be ConsulGeneral at Honolulu, John Jarrett to be consul at Birmingham, and Thomas H. Sherman at Liverpool. Election riots with fatal results occur in Arkansas.

17. Germany: Government pressure has been brought to bear upon the mine-owners in Westphalia with a view to ending the strike. Russia: An army plot against the life of the Czar has been discovered. 19. Excitement prevails at the scene of the Arkansas election riots.

20. Survivors of the Samoan disaster reach San Francisco.

22. Dr. Cronin, of Chicago, supposed to have been murdered by Irish conspirators; his body found. 23. Russia: The Shah of Persia is the guest of the Czar at St. Petersburg.

24. A monument to Confederate soldiers dedicated at Alexandria, Va. B. T. Gilkison appointed Second Comptroller of the Currency, S. B. Holliday Commissioner of Customs.

25. A detachment starts for Nicaragua to begin work on the interoceanic canal. France: Gen. Boulanger resolves to contest all elections.

27. Troops are ordered out to disperse striking miners at Braidwood, Ill. Fatal anti-progressionist riot in Belgrade.

28. Indictments found by the grand jury in Chicago in the case of Dr. Cronin.

29. Orlow W. Chapman is appointed Solicitor-General of the United States and John B. Colton Assistant Attorney-General.

31. Gen. Hyppolite captures Port-au-Prince and proclaims himself provisional President of Hayti. The Samoan Conference submits a protocol to the German and American governments.

June 1. Lord Zetland is appointed. Viceroy of Ireland.

5. The American International Congress of Medical Jurisprudence meets in New York.

6. A commercial treaty ratified between Mexico and Japan.

9. Germany: The Shah of Persia arrives at Berlin. France: A Boulangist meeting is dispersed by the police.

11. A verdict is returned in the Cronin case, recommending the trial of certain suspected persons.

12. Michigan and New York Veterans dedicate monuments at Gettysburg. The Army of the Potomac holds its annual reunion at Orange, N. J.

14. United States troops are sent to quell an outbreak among the Chippewa Indians in Minnesota. The commissioners for Germany and the United States sign the agreement in regard to Samoa.

19. William E. Chandler is chosen United States Senator from New Hampshire.

26. William Walter Phelps appointed Minister to Germany. Gen. Simon Cameron dies. Commencement exercises at Yale, Harvard, Wesleyan, Union, Williams, Lafayette, and other colleges. Portugal cancels the concession for building a railroad at Delagoa Bay, and thereby involves herself in difficulties with England.

27. Secretary Tracy issues orders reorganizing the administrative departments of the navy.

28. Maria Mitchell, the astronomer, dies at Lynn, Mass. Yale defeats Harvard in the annual boat-race at New London.

29. Indictments are returned by the grand jury against persons suspected of the Cronin murder.

July 1. Ex-President Woolsey, of Yale, dies. The President makes the following appointments: A. L. Snowden, Minister to Roumania, Servia, and Greece; W. H. Edwards, Consul-General at Berlin; Eugene Schuyler, Consul-General at Cairo. Money-order convention signed by the Postmaster-General and the German Minister. The Sixth New York Cavalry dedicates a monument at Gettysburg. The Shah of Persia is escorted to London by the Prince of Wales. Italy The Government orders the demolition of 17,000 houses and 62 churches in Naples for sanitary

reasons.

2. Consolidation effected between the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis and Chicago Railway and the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis Railroad. England: The International Sunday-School Convention begins its sessions in London. Alexander I is anointed King of Servia. The Norwegian ministry resigns.

3. England: The Massachusetts rifle team defeats the team of the London rifle brigade. Egypt: Battle between Egyptians and dervishes. The latter defeated with a loss of 500 killed and 500 wounded. Portugal accepts arbitration in regard to the Delagoa

Commencement at Amherst College and

Bay affair.
Colby University.

4. The President makes a Fourth of July address at Woodstock, Conn. Conventions held in North and South Dakota, Montana, and Washington Territories looking to admission as States. Commencement at William and Mary College. England: The Massachusetts rifle team defeats the Sussex team.

5. England: The Massachusetts team defeats the London Rifles.

6. Labor riot at Duluth. Senate Committee on Canadian Railroads and Interstate Law in session at Boston. Samoa: News of a treaty of peace between Mataafa and Tamasese, the rival claimants to the throne. 8. Prize-fight between Sullivan and Kilrain at Richburg, Miss.

9. The President appoints Horace A. Taylor to be Commissioner of Railroads and Prof. T. C. Mendenhall Superintendent of the Coast Survey. The Christian Endeavor Convention in session at Philadelphia.

11. Annual meeting of the American Philological Society at Easton, Pa. Strike riot in the Carnegie Steel Works at Homestead, Pa. Sullivan, the prizefighter, arrested in Tennessee for fighting in Mississippi. Africa: The Germans bombard and occupy Tanga.

13. Anarchists in New York and vicinity celebrate the centennial anniversary of the fall of the Bastile. 14. Strike ends at the Carnegie Steel Works.

15. National Teachers' Association meets at Nashville, Tenn. The centennial anniversary of the fall of the Bastile is further celebrated by Frenchmen in New York. France: The session of the Chamber of Deputies closes. In Paris the International Socialist Congress begins.

16. England: Mr. Parnell withdraws his counsel from the Commission of Inquiry.

17. The Civil Service Commission recommends the removal from office of Postmaster Paul, of Milwaukee. 18. The Mayor of New York calls a meeting with a view to holding a World's Fair in 1892. Dr. T. B. McDow expelled from membership in the South Carolina Medical Society. Brazil: A Portuguese attempts to kill the Emperor Dom Pedro at a theatre in Rio.

19. Capt. George Dewey appointed chief of the Naval Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting. Gen. Boulanger formally announces that he will stand for election in 80 cantons in the coming elections.

22. Dr. McDow is forced to resign from two military associations of which he was a member. England: The parliamentary committee on royal grants recommends that the quarterly allowance of the Prince of Wales be increased by $45,000.

23. Abuses suspected in the Pension Office. A committee is appointed to investigate. Belgium: A grant of $2,000,000 for the Congo Railway.

24. A large party of skilled artisans, men_and women, sail on the City of Rome to visit the Paris Exposition and industrial centers of Europe.

25. England: Golden wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Gladstone.

27. England: Marriage of the Duke of Fife and Princess Louise of Wales. Mrs. May brick, an American, is indicted for the murder of her husband in London. (See Aug. 7.) Italy: A plot discovered to blow up the Vatican in Rome.

28. In Cincinnati 150 liquor sellers are arrested for violating the Sunday closing law. France: General election in 1,344 cantons; Gen. Boulanger elected in 12 cantons.

29. Five persons charged with the murder of Dr. Cronin and arraigned in Chicago. British sealing schooner Black Diamond seized by United States vessel in the Behring Sea.

30. France: The Shah of Persia visits Paris. Egypt: Engagement with the dervishes, 60 of the latter slain.

31. Dominion of Canada: Order granted for the extradition of Martin Burke, charged with the murder of Dr. Cronin. Scotland: Death of Horatio Bonar.

August 1. Dedication of Pilgrim monument at Plymouth, Mass. England: The Emperor of Germany arrives.

3. J. R. G. Pitkin is appointed Minister to the Argentine Confederation. Egypt: The dervish army routed by English troops under Gen. Grenfell; 1,500 slain, including Wad-el-n' Jumi, the leader, and 50 emirs. Crete Insurrection breaks out; fighting between insurgents and Turkish soldiers.

5. William T. Harris appointed Commissioner of Education. Strike of coke-workers in Connellsville, Pa. England: The Emperor of Germany reviews the British fleet at Spithead.

7. England: Mrs. Maybrick sentenced to death for the murder of her husband. (See Aug. 22.) The German Emperor reviews British troops at Aldershot.

8. France: Gen. Boulanger's trial begins before the High Court of the Senate in Paris; the accused not present. Italy: Death of the statesman Benedetto Cairoli.

11. MayorGrant, of New York, appoints committees to organize for the World's Fair of 1892. Sandwich Islands: Unsuccessful insurrection in Hawaii.

12. Germany: Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, visits Berlin.

13. A large meeting in Baltimore favors a World's Fair in Washington. France: The High Court finds Gen. Boulanger guilty of conspiracy and attempted treason. Germany: The Emperor of Austria reviews German troops at Berlin.

14. United States Deputy Marshal Nagle, detailed to guard Associate-Justice Field, kills one David S. Terry, who makes an attack upon the Justice at Lathrop, Cal., much excitement follows; Justice Field and Deputy Marshal Nagle are arrested. (See Sept. 16.). France: The High Court sentences Gen. Boulanger, Henri Rochefort, and Count Dillon, to be deported to some fortified place. All of them are on British soil. Three French ironclads sail for Crete. Germany: The Emperors witness a sham fight at Spandau.

15. Germany: The Austrian Emperor leaves Berlin.

16. The new State of North Dakota decides upon Bismarck as the capital.

17. Sullivan, the prize-fighter, sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for fighting in Mississippi. A race and political fight occurs in Richmond, Texas, several persons killed.

21. The President is publicly received and entertained at Cincinnati. News of the seizure of two British sealing schooners by the United States Revenue-cutter Rush in Bering Sea.

22. The President delivers an address at the dedication of a Soldiers' Monument in Indianapolis. England Mrs. Maybrick's death-sentence commuted to penal servitude for life.

23. The President presides and speaks at the annual reunion of the Seventienth Indiana Regiment. Hayti: Fighting between the forces of Légitime and Hyppolite. England: Strike of dockmen in London, business paralyzed.

24. Hayti: Légitime abandons his claims to the presidency, and leaves Port-au-Prince, to be occupied by Hyppolite. This ends the war in Hayti.

26. The strike of the London dockmen assumes threatening proportions.

27. Annual meeting of the Grand Army of the Republic in Milwaukee, Wis.

28. Meeting of the American Bar Association at Chicago. Charles R. Flint and Henry G. Davis appointed delegates to the Three Americas Congress. The City of Paris crosses the ocean in five days, nineteen hours, and eighteen minutes, beating all previous records. Canada: Meeting at Toronto of the American Association for the Advancement of Sci

ence.

30. The Cronin murder trial begins in Chicago. England: Parliament is prorogued.

31. W. G. Veazey appointed member of the InterVOL. XXIX.-20 A

state Commerce Commission. Willis Vandevanter to be Chief Justice of Wyoming.

September 1. A race war considered imminent in Leflore County, Miss.; a company of militia ordered out. England: A mass meeting of strikers in London decides to continue the strike. Prof. George L. Goodale, of Harvard, chosen President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

4. Egypt: Dervishes defeat a force of Egyptians near Suakim.

5. Celebration of the founding of "The Old Log College" at Hartsville, Pa. President Harrison and Gov. Beaver take part in the proceedings. The church at Stratford, Conn., celebrates its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary.

6. Thomas H. Anderson appointed Minister to Bolivia. Andrew D. White elected President of the American Social Science Association.

7. Launch of the steel cruiser Philadelphia at Wilmington, Del.

9. Opening of Centennial celebration at Baltimore. 10. Henry C. Warmoth appointed collector of customs at New Orleans.

11. Reunion of Pennsylvania troops at Gettysburg, many monuments dedicated. 12. 66 Corporal sions, resigns.

Tanner, Commissioner of Pen

13. Close of the Baltimore Centennial, with a mock bombardment of Fort McHenry. Death of Congressman S. S. Cox, of New York.

14. A bronze statue of Gen. Grant unveiled at Fort Leavenworth.

15. England: Another mass-meeting of strikers in London.

16. Deputy Marshal Nagle released on his own recognizance by Judge Sawyer, of San Francisco. England: The London strike at an end, the demands of the strikers being in the main conceded.

19. At a meeting in Chattanooga, Tenn., veterans of the Northern and Southern armies decide to convert the battle-field into a National Park. The United States gunboat Galena ordered to Navassa Island to quell a riot. Spain: A fleet has been ordered to Tangier, to demand the release of Spaniards captured by the Moors.

20. A tract of land adjacent to the upper end of Central Park, New York, selected as a site for the World's Fair of 1892.

21. France: A monument to the French Republic unveiled by President Carnot.

23. France: Returns of the election give the Republicans 158 members and the Opposition 89. England: Death of Wilkie Collins, the novelist.

24. Russia: A chest of dynamite explodes in the station at St. Petersburg, just as the Czar is leaving for Copenhagen. Several by-standers killed. The Czar escapes.

25. Centennial celebration at Cumberland, Md. Annual Convention of American Bankers at Kansas City. Reunion of the Army of the Tennessee, at Cincinnati. Spain: A bomb explodes behind the Queen's palace of San Sebastian, no one hurt,

26. France: The votes cast for Gen. Boulanger in Montmartre at the recent election are declared null and void by the Paris Municipal Commission. Holland: Strike among dock-laborers at Rotterdam.

30. Delegates to the Pan-American Congress hold a preliminary meeting in Washington.

October 1. Commodore Walker, United States Navy, transferred to the command of the European Squadron, with the rank of rear-admiral. Frederick Douglass, the new Minister to Hayti, sails for Port-auPrince on the gunboat Kearsarge. Elections to establish governments held in each of the four new States. Spain: An infernal machine discovered near the Royal Palace in Genoa.

2. The Pan-American Congress organized in Washington. George William Curtis re-elected President of the Civil Service Reform League. The Chinese Minister presents his credentials. Monuments to Maine soldiers dedicated at Gettysburg. A conven

4. Pan-American delegates visit Boston. The New York base-ball team wins the championship.

6. Supplementary elections in France. Final result: Republican, 362; Opposition, 205.

7. Ex-Mayor Seth Low, of Brooklyn, chosen President of Columbia College, vice President Barnard, deceased. England: Boulanger leaves London for the Island of Jersey. France: The King of Siam visits Paris.

8. Pan-American delegates continue their trips through the manufacturing districts of New England. 9. Monuments to New York and Vermont soldiers dedicated at Gettysburg. Triennial Council of the Congregational Church opens at Worcester, Mass. Grand Encampment of Knights Templars at Washington.

11. Germany: The Czar of Russia visits the German Emperor at Berlin. England: A miners' conference at Birmingham decides in favor of an eight-hour working day.

14. Annual meeting of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

15. Delegates to the International Maritime Congress assemble in Washington. Germany: The Czar starts on his return to Russia.

16. Meeting of the International Maritime Congress. 17. General Hippolyte unanimously chosen Presi

dent of Hayti.

22. Work formally begun on the Nicaragua Canal. 23. Meeting of the American Antiquarian Society in Worcester.

24. Opening of the Cronin trial in Chicago. 25. The gunboat Galena, with the Navassa Island rioters on board as prisoners, reaches Baltimore. Portugal: Death of King Luis I.

27. Greece: Marriage of the Crown Prince to Princess Sophie of Prussia, in the presence of the Emperor of Germany, the Prince of Wales, and other European dignitaries.

29. Forty-third annual meeting of the American Missionary Society at Chicago.

30. A monument to Gen. Cæsar Rodney, the Revolutionary patriot, unveiled at Dover, Del.

31. Pan-American delegates visit the tomb of Abraham Lincoln. A fight occurs between Methodists and Catholics at Axtell, Kansas.

November 2. North and South Dakota admitted to the Union by proclamation of the President.

4. An International Maritime Exhibition formally opened at Boston.

5. Governors of States elected as follows: J. Q. A. Brackett (Rep.), Massachusetts; Horace Boies (Dem.), Iowa; James E. Campbell (Dem.), Ohio; P. W. McKinney (Dem.), Virginia; Leon Abbett (Dem.), New Jersey J. M. Stone (Dem.), Mississippi. (See articles on those States.)

6. A conference of the leading postmasters of the country is held in Washington. France: Close of the International Exposition in Paris.

7. Montana admitted to the Union by proclamation of the President.

8. Johns Hopkins University receives a bequest of $100,000 from Caroline Donovan. Montana proclaimed a State.

11. Washington Territory is admitted to the Union by proclamation of the President. Congress of Catholic laymen opens at Baltimore. France: The Chamber of Deputies meets.

15. A revolution takes place in Brazil. The Emperor is peacefully deposed, and leaves the country. (See article on Brazil.)

20. Celebration at Fayetteville, N. C., of the ratification of the Constitution of the United States. The South Atlantic Squadron ordered to Brazil.

27. In the Supreme Court of Illinois the Chicago Gas Trust is declared illegal.

28. Thanksgiving Day. Princeton College defeats Yale at foot-ball, and wins the championship.

29. England: Death of Martin Farquhar Tupper. France recognizes the Brazilian Republic.

December 2. The Fifty-first Congress begins its sessions. Senate: New members take oath of office.

3. The President's message read in both Houses of Congress. The ex-Emperor of Brazil and his family reach Portugal. The President of Nicaragua signs the treaty of union between the five Central American republics.

4. David J. Brewer, of Kansas, appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. A general Christian Conference, under the auspices of the Evangelical Alliance, is held in Boston. Africa: Stanley, the explorer, with Emin Pasha, of whom he went in search, reaches the east coast at Bagamoyo.

5. Emin Pasha dangerously injured by an accident. 6. Death of Jefferson Davis.

7. The United States Squadron of Evolution sails from Boston for Lisbon.

9. General epidemic of influenza In Europe.

11. Congress: Senate, Mr. Hale's naval bills reported. A service pension bill introduced by Mr. Ingalls. Both Houses meet to commemorate the inauguration of Washington. Obsequies of Jefferson Davis in New Orleans.

12. Congress: Senate, bills introduced favoring negro emigration. England: Death of Robert Browning. 13. The Cronin trial ends, and the jury retires. Russia: Alleged plot discovered against the Czar's life.

14. Africa: A Portuguese force, under Major Serpa Pinto, has had an encounter with natives, and killed many of them.

16. The jury in the Cronin case find Coughlin, Burke, and O'Sullivan guilty. They are sentenced to imprisonment for life. Kunze is sentenced for three years. Beggs is not guilty. Capt. Shepard is appointed Chief of the Revenue Marine Service. The Pan-American delegates visit New York.

17. Congress: Senate, the President submits a new extradition treaty with England. The Blair Education bill is favorably reported from committee.

18. D. J. Brewer confirmed by the Senate as a Justice of the Supreme Court (vote 57 to 11).

19. Congress: Senate, Secretary Tracy called upon to investigate the alleged naval lobby.

20. Congress: Senate, debate on the recognition of the Brazilian Republic.

21. Both Houses of Congress adjourn to Jan. 6, 1890. Brazil: An executive decree published fixing Sept. 15 as the date of the first general election, and banishing Dom Pedro and his family. England: A squadron has been ordered to Delagoa Bay.

22. Several persons injured in a race riot at Potts Camp, Miss.

28. Charles I proclaimed King of Portugal. Death of the ex-Empress of Brazil.

FARMERS' CONGRESS. The Farmers' Congress of the United States held its ninth annual session in the House of Representatives, at Montgomery, Ala., Nov. 13-15, 1889. It was the largest gathering of representative agriculturists of the United States ever assembled. (For the constitution of the organization see "Annual Cyclopædia" for 1886, page 330.) At ten o'clock the congress was called to order by the president, Col. R. F. Kolb, of Alabama, and prayer was offered by the Rev. M. B. Whorton, D. D., of Montgomery. Mayor Graham, of Montgomery, made an address of welcome. Speeches were made by Hon. George W. Spofford, of Illinois, by Hon. Benjamin F. Clayton, of Iowa, and by President Kolb. Papers were read as follow: Handling the Cotton Crop," by Major R. J. Sledge, of Texas; "The Relation of Agriculture to Manufactures and Commerce," by Hon. T. B. Norton, of Wisconsin; Wool and Mutton Industry of the United States," by Hon. William Lawrence, of Ohio; "A Word of Encouragement to Farmers' Boys," by John A. Scott, of Illinois; "The Railway Problem," by Hon. L. S. Coffin, of Iowa; "Agriculture in the Northwest," by William Bushnell, President of the Minnesota Agricultural Society.

The following resolutions were adopted:

Resolved, That we are opposed to all combinations of capital, in trusts or otherwise, to arbitrarily control the markets of the country to the detriment of our productive industries; and we demand of the Congress of the United States such legislation as will secure to farmers and stock raisers of the country the best possible reward for their labor.

Resolved, That while Congress maintains the policy of a protective tariff, we demand that all farm products shall be as fully protected as the most favored of the manufacturing industries.

Resolved, That while, as now, a protective tariff is maintained which substantially prohibits the importation of foreign carpets and many other articles of manufactured goods, we demand that the duty on mutton, sheep, and wool of all kinds shall be so increased as to equally prohibit the importation of mutton, sheep, and wool of every kind which can, under protection, be sufficiently produced at fairly remunerative prices in the United States to supply all American wants, including the better class of carpet wools, especially as carpets are luxuries, entitled to less favor than farm and ranch products.

Resolved, That the tariff on wool imported to make carpets should at least be as high as that imported to make coats. The same policy which will secure cheap cloths will secure cheap carpets.

Resolved, That, if protection to this extent be denied, we call upon the farmers of the United States to assert their power, at the ballot-box and otherwise, to right the wrong and injustice of discrimination against them. If they fail in this, the wool and mutton producing industries will be so seriously crippled that they will be in a large measure destroyed, and farmers will no longer have any interest in protection for the manufacture of woolen goods, but will insist that it shall have no larger measure of protection than is accorded to the wool industry, including every kind

of wool.

Resolved, That the farmers of the United States are called upon to support the nomination of no man for President, Senator, or Representative in Congress who

will not, to his utmost ability, aid in carrying out the objects of the foregoing resolutions.

Whereas, There is great and growing demand for the products of our farms and factories in South America and Australia; and whereas, this trade could be greatly increased and rendered more profitable to the United States by more direct communication; and whereas, the generous assistance and liberal offers of these governments in aid of direct ship lines have never been properly reciprocated by our Government in the past; and whereas, our rivals are appropriating this trade with a strong hand, thereby threatening great danger to our interest, especially on the Pacific

coast, therefore

tions therefor.

number of accidents to trainmen on our railroads from Resolved, That in view of the greatly increasing coupling and uncoupling cars, and from using the old hand brakes on freight cars, we demand a thorough investigation by proper governmental authority, to the end to ascertain if there is not a safer and more practicable method by which these faithful servants could do their work without this terrible sacrifice of life and limb, as casualties to the number of over six thousand happen yearly from these sources; and also what legislation is needed to require the use of the best-known, practicable, safe appliances by railroad companies.

Resolved, That the National Farmers' Congress favors the selection of Chicago as the place of holding the World's Fair in 1892, and that a copy of this resolution be sent to the members of both Houses of Congress.

Resolved, That the examination of the arid regions of the Northwest, now going on under the authority of Congress with a view to the selection of sites for reservoirs for holding and distribution of water for irrigating purposes, is of the deepest importance to the farmers of such section, and the National Farmers' Congress is in favor of liberal appropriations in this effort to extend the agricultural area of the country.

Whereas, an effort is being made for the organization of a national board of agriculture, sixteen States having already signified their approval; and whereas, an act of Congress will be necessary to constitute such board; therefore be it

Resolved, That we favor the organization of such a board, and recommend that two delegates from each of the States represented in the National Congress be selected to co-operate with such national board of agriculture.

Resolved, That we favor commercial treaties which will discriminate in favor of those nations which accept silver as legal-tender money as well as gold, and against those which have demonetized silver.

Resolved, That the secretary of the Farmers' Congress be, and he is hereby instructed to prepare copies of all resolutions passed by this body, wherever the Congress of the United States is requested to take action, and forward the same to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House, to present to their respective bodies.