chanical inventions devised by Ericsson, such as a direct-acting semi-cylindrical steam engine of great compactness and simplicity, a telescopic smoke-stack, and independent centrifugal blowers for ventilation and for promoting combustion in the boiler-furnaces, which obviated the necessity of exposing the chimney during a battle. He also fitted it with wrought-iron gun-carriages, with mechanism for dispensing with breeching and taking up the recoil of the 12-inch wroughtiron gun (the first of its kind, and up to that time the largest and most powerful piece of ordnance mounted on shipboard), the self-acting lock refused by the British authorities, and an optical instrument to enable the commanding officer, by mere inspection, accurately to ascertain the distance of the object to be arrived at. Notwithstanding the tragic accident that attended its public exhibition in February, 1844 when, by the bursting of a 12-inch gun, built in the United States on the plan of the first, which

For the philosophical exhibits, he was awarded the prize medal of the exhibition.

Previous to 1836, Ericsson conceived the idea that was put into practical shape when, in September, 1854, he submitted to Napoleon III plans of a partially submerged armored vessel with guns in a revolving shot-proof cupola placed centrally on the deck. These were not acted on until 1861, when they formed the suggestion of the "Monitor," which was designed and built by him in Greenpoint, N. Y., for the United States Government, under very arbitrary conditions. When the proposition to build this vessel was accepted, the only drawing completed by him was a mere outline and section to illustrate the stability of the structure; but by extraordinary energy and executive skill, calculations and working drawings were made, and the "Monitor" was launched with steam machinery complete one hundred days from the laying of her keel. She arrived in Hampton Roads just in

Ericsson brought with him from England, the Secretary of State, Secretary of the Navy, and other distinguished spectators were killed-the "Princeton" is correctly regarded as the pioneer of modern naval construction and as the foundation of the steam marine of the world. During the construction, and before the end of 1843, numerous propeller vessels were built and furnished with engines by Ericsson for carrying freight on the rivers and inland waters of the United States, and his propellers were in successful operation in more than sixty vessels in this country before any attempt was made to evade his patent. Up to this time European engineers were skeptical regarding the commercial value of the new method of propulsion, but the successful completion of the Princeton" dictated the reconstruction of navies. A committee of the American Institute said of this vessel, "Nothing in the history of mechanics surpasses the inventive genius of Capt. Ericsson, unless it be the moral daring of Capt. Stockton in the adoption of so many novelties at one time." In 1851, in the United States division of the World's Fair held in London, Ericsson exhibited several of his inventions, including his instruments for measuring distances at sea, a hydrostatic gauge for fluids under pressure, a gauge for the volume of water passing through pipes, the alarm barometer, a pyrometer, an instrument for measuring fluids by the velocity with which they pass through definite apertures, and a self-registering deep-sea lead that is still employed by the United States Coast Survey, the principle of which was adopted in constructing the sounding apparatus used by the "Challenger" expedition.

ERICSSON'S "MONITOR,"

SECTIONAL VIEW
AND REVOLVING TURRET.

time to defeat, on March 9, 1862, the Confederate iron-clad "Merrimac," which on the preceding day had destroyed the "Cumberland" and

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the rest of the wooden vessels there. In EngCongress," and was about to sink or disperse land the success of the "Monitor" gave rise to the statement: "Yesterday England had a great navy; to-day she has but two vessels worthy of the name." No other revolution in naval architecture was so sudden, so startling, so decisive of mighty results, so dramatic, and of such abiding and growing importance. At the time of this battle the last installment of money had not been paid to the inventor, and a series of resolutions was adopted by the New York Chamber of Commerce asking of Congress "such suitable return as will evince the gratitude of the nation," but Ericsson replied: "All the remuneration I desire for the Monitor' I get out of the construction of it. It is all-sufficient." A fleet of

iron-clad vessels of the

ram "

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Monitor" type was quickly built after the victory at Hampton Roads. Six of them in Charleston harbor, within fifty-two days, were struck by hostile shots an aggregate of 629 times without one penetration of side armor, turret, or pilot-house. The "Weehawken" defeated and captured the Confederate Atlanta," and the "Montauk" destroyed the "Nashville." In August, 1864, the monitors captured the ram "Tennessee" in Mobile Bay, Russia, Sweden, Norway, and Turkey adopted the American turret system, and when the "Miantonomoh" visited Europe the British Government began the construction of similar vessels, but on a larger scale. In 1869 Ericsson built for the Spanish Government a fleet of thirty steam gunboats, which was intended to guard Cuba against filibustering expeditions.

Ericsson published in 1876 a volume entitled "Contributions to the Centennial Exhibition," devoted largely to description of his engineering constructions after he came to the United States. In it he says: "The commissioners of the Centennial Exhibition having omitted to invite me to exhibit the results of my labors connected with mechanics and physics, a gap in their record of material progress exceeding one third of a century has been occasioned. I have, therefore, deemed it proper to publish a statement of my principal labors during the last third of a century, the achievements of which the promoters of the Centennial Exhibition have called upon the civilized world to recognize."

In 1881 he devised his latest war-ship, the "Destroyer," which he invented to destroy the system of iron-clads that he had previously designed. This boat is of iron, 130 feet long, and carries a submarine 16-inch gun that discharges projectile weighing 1,500 pounds, and containing 300 pounds of gun-cotton, against the hull of an iron-clad below the customary water-line armor-belt with such effect that water-tight compartments will be of no avail. The United States Senate passed a bill for the purchase of this vessel for the navy in 1885, but the bill failed to become a law.

For many years Ericsson devoted much of his time to scientific investigations. He computed the influences that retard the earth's rotary motion, and announced that the theory of the moon being devoid of water was erroneous, demonstrating that the great "ring mountains" could not be composed of volcanic matter-"mineral substances originally in a state of fusion "--but that they were inert glaciers made permanent as granite by perpetual intense cold. Subsequently he showed exactly how the annular glaciers were formed by vortex columns of vapor, and how the conical hills within the circular walls were formed. He claimed that the water on the surface of the moon bore the same proportion to its mass as the waters of the earth's oceans do to the terrestrial mass, and that the aggregate water of the moon is 2,028,600 cubic inches. He designed a pyrheliometer to show the intensity of the sun's rays, and made careful studies of the mechanical energy stored up in the sun. These studies led to his sun motor," erected in New York in 1883, to the perfection of which the efforts of his last years were devoted. It was his purpose to condense the heat from the solar atmosphere,

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Ericsson's genius was recognized by the King of Sweden, who conferred upon him various honors, and on his last birthday sent a special messenger with his congratulations. He was knight commander of the orders of Nordstjernan, Dannebrog (first class), Isabel la Catolica, Sanct Olaf, and knight of the order of Vasa. A special gold medal was sent him by the Emperor of Austria in recognition of his attainments in science, and he was the recipient of the grand cross of naval merit from Alphonso XII, of Spain. The thanks of Congress and of State Legislatures were voted to him. Wesleyan University gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1862, and he received the degree of Ph. D. from the Royal University of Lund, Sweden. He was a member of many scientific societies, both in this country and abroad, including the Royal Academy of Sciences in Stockholm and the American Society of Civil Engineers, and was an honorary member of the Union League Club. In 1867 a huge granite monument, quarried in one piece, was set in front of his birthplace, bearing the inscription in the Swedish language: John Ericsson was born here, July 31, 1803." On the roadside leading to his old home stands an iron pyramid with an inscription testifying to his fame. Ericsson married an English woman in 1829, but she died twenty years ago, and, as he was without direct heirs, his property was bequeathed to his relatives in Sweden. During his residence in New York he lived at 36 Beach Street, where he passed a solitary life, refusing to see any one but his immediate associates in business affairs, and leaving his home only at night to indulge in lonely walks. He was exceedingly methodical in his habits and temperate as to his food, eating sparingly of the most nutritious varieties and abstaining entirely from alcoholic drinks and tobacco. His genius manifested itself most conspicuously by his wonderful power of concentrating his mind on the subject at hand. His mental control of details was so great that he could at once describe with exact measurements a part of a machine without working drawings. William C. Church has in hand the preparation of his biography from papers specially left to him. See Ericsson and his Inventions," in the Atlantic Monthly," for July, 1862; and "John Ericsson," in • Scribner's Monthly," for April, 1879, and 'Scribner's Magazine," for February and March, 1890.

Ericsson was a constant contributor to the periodical press. His scientific articles were usually published in "Nature" and "Engineering," London; the "Scientific American" and " American Artisan," New York; his articles on naval architecture, gunnery, and torpedoes in "Engineering" and in the "Army and Navy Journal." EVANGELICAL ALLIANCE. A General Christian Conference, called under the auspices of the Evangelical Alliance to consult upon the needs of society and the best means of combatting the moral and social evils of the day, met in Boston, Mass., Dec 4, 5, and 6. It was the second conference of the kind that has been held, the previous one having met in Washington, D. C., in 1887. Mr. William E. Dodge presided. The papers read on the first day of the meetings concerned the moral and intellectual needs of various classes in the American community. The Rev. Josiah Strong, General Secretary of the Evangelical Alliance, made an address on the "Progress of Co-operation since the Washington Conference." Co-operative Christian work had been begun in fifteen States and Territories and about twenty cities, and in Baltimore a house-to-house visitation had been undertaken for the purpose of reaching the non-church-going masses. An account of the work that had been done in the State of New York was given by Mr. R. F. Cutting. The papers on the special topic of the day were on "The Needs of the City," by Prof R. T. Ely, Ph. D., and the Rev. Josiah Strong; "The Needs of the Rural Districts," by the Rev. Henry Fairbanks; "The Mountain Whites of the South," by Rev. Frank E. Jenkins; and "The Needs of the Times and the Alliance Methods," by Rev J. M. Buckley, D. D., LL. D., Rev. Frank Russell, D. D., and Dr. J. L. Phillips. On the second day, the various aspects of Christian co-operation were discussed in papers on "Christian Co-operation in awakening and directing the Moral Sentiment of the Community," by the Rev. Moses D. Hoge, D. D., Archdeacon Alix Mackay-Smith, D. D., and Rev. Wayland Hoyt, D. D.; "Christian Co-operation in Relation to Moral Legislation "-a, "Its Enactment," by Prof. Theodore W. Dwight, LL. D., and Prof. C. J. Little; and b, Its Enforce ment," by Rev. Howard Crosby, LL. D., and the Hon. Walter B. Hill: "The Need of permeating our developing Civilization with the Spirit of Christ," by the Rev. L. T. Chamberlain, D. D.; 'Christianity and the State," by the Rev. D. H. Greer; and "The Gospel and the People," by Bishop F. D. Huntington. Questions relating to immigrants were considered in papers on “Our Debt and Duty to the Immigrant Population," by Prof. E. J. Wolf, D. D.; “French Canadians in the United States," by the Rev. C. E. Amaron; and "Slavonic Populations in the United States," by the Rev. H. A. Schauffler. The papers of the closing session were on " Arousing and training the Activity of the Laity," by the Rev. Graham Taylor, D. D., and the Rev. Joseph Cook; "Need of an Enthusiasm for Humanity on the Part of the Churches,” by the Rev. Phillips Brooks, D. D.; and "Need of Personal Contact between Christians and Non-Church-Goers," by the Rev. C. H. Parkhurst, D. D.

Canadian Conference.-The second annual Conference of the Evangelical Alliance for the

Dominion of Canada was held in Toronto, Dec. 3 to 5. Mr. W. H. Howland, of Toronto, presided. The secretary reported that branches of the Alliance had been formed or affiliated at twenty-five places in Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. At the beginning of his work, in the earlier part of the year, the public had responded readily to his presentations, but later on the "equal-rights movement "had absorbed attention. The permanent headquarters of the Alliance was fixed at Montreal. Topics were discussed relative to Sabbath observance and Christian unity. Principal Caven condemned the tendency to regard the necessities of modern convenience as an element in determining how the Sabbath should be observed. Mr. Elliott F. Shephard represented the American Sabbath Union. The Rev. Dr. Laidlaw, of Hamilton, spoke of the duty of the individual in relation to the Sabbath. The subject of Christian unity was considered especially in its relations to the movements of the Roman Catholic Church. The Rev. Dr. A. Sutherland showed that the contest between the Protestant and Roman Catholic systems was at present one of ideas. The Rev. A. B. Cruchet advised charity and justice in dealing with the French-Canadian problem. The question was not so much how to check the French Canadians as to make anew their secular and political education. He was convinced that evangelization furnished the only way to secure the peaceful and early union of those people with their Protestant compatriots. The Rev. Prof. MacLaren, of Knox College, spoke of the obligations of Christian unity, but regarded it as a matter of fact rather than of obligation. Principal Grant maintained that Christian unity should be sought on its own merits, and not as a means of attack. The Alliance existed not to attack others, but to do its own work and accomplish as much union of the Church of Christ as it could.

The

EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION. "Christian Family Almanac" for 1890 gives the statistics of this denomination: Number of conferences and missions, 26; of itinerant preachers, 1,187; of local preachers, 658; of members, 145,703; of baptisms-2,486 of adults and 9,936 of children; of churches, 1,958, the probable value of which was $4,758,527; of parsonages, 651, having a total value of $802,842; of Sunday-schools, 2,466, with 27,579 officers and teachers, and 169,786 pupils; of catechumen classes, 781, with 10,203 catechumens. Amounts of collections-for conference claimants, $7,891; for the Missionary Society, $113,183; for the Sunday-school and Tract Union, $2,850; for the Orphan House, $5,519. The Japan mission, the statistics of which are included in the summary, returned 8 itinerant and 4 local preachers, 5 churches, 333 members, 85 baptisms of adults and 21 of children, 13 Sunday-schools, with 50 officers and teachers and 441 pupils and 91 catechumens. The whole amount contributed by it for general church work, etc., was $532. A general weekly newspaper in English and one in German, and eight Sunday-school and missionary papers in English, and six in German, are issued from the Publication House in Cleveland, Ohio, and two German periodicals from the branch house in Stuttgart, Germany.

EVANGELICAL UNION OF SCOTLAND. The annual conference of this Church met in Glasgow, Oct. 7. The session was chiefly remarkable for its coincidence with the fiftieth year of the ministry of the Rev. James Morison, founder of the society, and was made the occasion of offering him a jubilee testimonial. Mr. Morison, a minister of two years' standing in the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland, was tried and excluded in 1841 for preaching the doctrine of a full and free salvation for all men through Christ. With his adherents he founded the Evangelical Union, which developed into a considerable organization, more liberal in theology than the Presbyterian Churches, and affiliated in polity with the Congregational Churches. For several years a correspondence has been kept up between it and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in the United States. The demonstration in honor of Dr. Morison was participated in, in person or by letter, by representative men of most of the large Evangelical Churches of the country, including the Kirk, Free Church, and United Presbyterian Church of Scotland; Principal Fairbairn, of the English Presbyterian Mansfield College; the Congregational Churches; Prof. Godet, of Switzerland: the Rev. J. L. Goodeknight, of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and others. Mr. John Wilson, M. P., presided. In the addresses, Principal Cairns, representing the Church from which Dr. Morison had been expelled, said that he believed he spoke the feeling of the United Presbyterian Church when he said that toward Dr. Morison there was a spirit so kindly, a respect so deep and sincere, that on higher grounds they were thankful that the measure of agreement between them was so great in regard to Christian theology. Besides the presentation of money and plate, a portrait of Dr. Morison was unveiled.

EVENTS OF 1889. Not many events of great importance took place during the year. The almost peaceful revolution in Brazil on Nov. 15 promises perhaps to be the most far-reaching in its effects. There have been no wars save such as are always waging among the minor or savage nations. Europe has seemed at intervals to be on the verge of hostilities, but the interchange of diplomatic courtesies between sovereigns has temporarily at least restored the equilibrium. In Russia several Nihilist plots have been discovered, and the life of the Czar has as often been threatened. In Spain, too, the royal family has been threatened by the plots of assassins. In the United States the most important events have been the inauguration of a new President and the consequent political changes; the assertion of our traditional rights in the Behring Sea; and International Congresses held at the instance of the Government at Washing

ton, one in the interest of closer commercial re

lations among states of North, South, and Central America, and the other for a better understanding among the great maritime powers of the world.

January 1. Total eclipse of the sun, visible in the western part of North America.

2. Congress reconvenes after the holiday recess. New Hampshire Constitutional Convention organized. 4. Congress: The House passes the bill to incorporate the Nicaragua Canal Company.

6. News received of a conflict in Samoa between Mataafa, one of the rival native kings and the Germans; Mataafa was repulsed; considerable losses king and become tributary to China. A new Panama on both sides. China demands that Corea depose her Canal Company formed in France.

8. State Legislatures meet in California, Colorado, Dakota, Florida, Kansas, and Ohio.

11. Africa: The King of Uganda deposed by his body-guard, and his brother installed in his stead. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons censures Dr. Morell Mackenzie for the publication of his book on the case of the late Emperor of Germany. 12. Congress: The House passes the pension bill and the appropriation bills for the Military Academy and diplomatic and consular expenses. Several men killed in Gray County, Kansas, in a fight between rival political factions over the county records. Arab slave dealers attack the German missionary station at Dar-es-Salem, near Zanzibar, but are repulsed with heavy loss.

14. Germany: The Landtag is opened by the Emperor.

15. Senator Hoar of Massachusetts, Senator Frye of Maine, E. O. Wolcott of Colorado, and Anthony Higgins of Delaware are elected Senators of the United States. Judge Tulley of Chicago decides that the Socialist Arbeiter Bund has a right to meet unmolested by the police.

16. Africa: A letter received from Stanley, the explorer, dated on the Aruwhimi, Aug. 17, 1888.

17. Inauguration of the Governors of North Carolina and Arkansas. Arab slave dealers attack a German mission station in East Africa; all the inmates killed save one, who escapes. The United States cruiser Atlanta is ordered to Hayti. France: The England: The Liberals carry the London municipal Senate passes the Panama Canal Bankruptcy bill.

election.

18. A statue of Franklin, by Stilson Hutchins, unveiled in Washington.

19. Congress: Fortifications bill passed by the House. Three negroes killed in a race conflict in Georgia.

20. Riot near Graham, Texas; six men killed. 21. Twenty-first annual convention of the National Woman's Suffrage Association meets at Washing

ton.

22. Congress: The Senate passes the substitute for the Mills bill; the House refuses to take up the Smalls-Elliott election case; debates the River and Harbor bill. Africa: Fighting renewed between Germans and Arabs in the vicinity of Zanzibar.

26. General tie-up" of street railroads in Brooklyn, N. Y.

29. General "tie-up" of street railroads in New York city.

30. Austria: The Crown-Prince Rudolph commits suicide.

31. Congress: Senate, the Samoan amendments are

adopted; House, the Oklahoma bill is debated.

February 1. Congress: The President submits Samoan correspondence; Senate, the British extradition treaty rejected by a decisive vote; House, the Oklahoma bill is passed, and conference report adopted decreeing the creation of a Department of Agriculture.

passed with provision for a coaling station at Pago 2. Congress: House, Naval Appropriation bill Pago, Samoa. Hayti: United States marines landed to protect a naval officer. Samoa-German proclamation of martial law withdrawn. France: The Government is sustained in a vote on the scrutin d'arondissement question.

4. France: The old Panama Canal Company is dissolved.

5. Austria: Funeral of the Crown Prince. Streetcar strike ends in New York, the strikers having failed to gain their point.

6. Congress: House adopts conference report on Nicaragua Canal bill (177 to 60). China: Houses of

foreigners, including the British consulate, wrecked by rioters at Ching-Kiang-Foo.

8. Congress: The President submits correspondence with Germany in regard to a Samoan conference. Africa: Captured Catholic missionaries released by Arabs on payment of a ransom by the Germans.

9. Congress: The Senate passes a bill to establish a United States court in Indian Territory, and passes the Fortifications bill.

11. Congress: Senate, $250,000 appropriated for the protection of American interests in Panama; House, the Smalls-Elliott election case is debated; the President signs the bill to create a Department of Agriculture, and appoints Norman C. Coleman of Missouri, to be Secretary. France: The scrutin d'arondissement bill passed by the Chamber of Deputies. Japan: The Constitution of the Empire is proclaimed. 12. Congress: The President transmits correspondence relative to the Behring Sea question; Senate, election irregularities in Texas considered; Naval Appropriation bill passed; House, Small's contested election case debated.

13. Congress: In joint session the electoral vote is counted and Benjamin Harrison and Levi P. Morton are declared elected President and Vice-President of the United States; House, the Smalls contested election case is decided in favor of Elliott.

14. Congress: Senate, Mr. Hoar calls for a report on the customs frauds in New York; House, vote passed to eliminate New Mexico from the Territorial bill (135 to 106). France: The Government is defeated on a vote to revise the Constitution (307 to 218), and the ministry resigns. Japan: The Minister of Education, Viscount Arinori More, assassinated by a religious fanatic.

15. Gen. Gilman Marston, of New Hampshire, is appointed Senator of the United States. Congress : Mr. Mills reports adversely the Senate Substitute Tariff bill; House, Representatives in the conference committee are instructed to yield to the Senate committeemen on the Territorial bill. France: President Carnot asks M. Meline to form a new ministry.

20. Congress: Both Houses agree to conference report on Territorial bill; House, conference report on direct tax bill adopted and bill sent to the President. Correspondence in the case of Lord Sackville transmitted to the Senate. Treaty of commerce with Japan signed by Minister Hubbell. The American Pomologieal Society meets at Ocala, Fla.

21. Congress: House, the Post-Office bill is passed. Senator Kenna is re-elected in West Virginia. England: Parliament reassembles. France: A new ministry is formed by M. Tirard.

22. Congress: House, Mr Mills's resolution respecting the Senate's action on the tariff question is defeated (143 to 88); the bills to retire Gen. Rosecrans and pension the widow of Gen. Sheridan are passed. 23. Chili prohibits Chinese immigration.

24. France: Socialist meetings dispersed by the police.

26. Congress: Senate, the Army Appropriation bill is passed; Mr. Spooner introduces a bill for the supervision of Congressional elections; House, bills introduced for the admission to the Union of the Territories of Arizona, Idaho, Wyoming, and New Mexico. The President-elect arrives in Washington.

27. Congress: Senate, bill passed to protect salmon fisheries in Alaska; bills introduced to admit Wyoming and Utah to the Union; House, Indian Appropriation bill passed. The Vice President-elect reaches Washington.

28. Convention of the National League of Republican Clubs opens in Baltimore. A convention of delegates from commercial bodies in the interest of a new bankruptcy law, is held in St. Louis. Congress : Senate, the Post-Office bill is passed; amendments to interstate commerce act are voted down. France: The Government decides to suppress the Patriotic League.

March 1. Congress: Senate, Secretary Fairchild transmits report of investigation on sugar frauds;

House, joint resolution passed in favor of commercial union with Canada. England: Mr. Morley's offered criticism on British policy in Ireland defeated in Parliament (339 to 260).

2. Canada: Parliament rejects a motion to continue the modus vivendi regarding the United States (108 to 65). France: The Chamber of Deputies approves the suppression of the Patriotic League. 3. Senator Riddleberger is placed under arrest for violating the rules of the Senate.

4. Benjamin Harrison is inaugurated President of the United States. Congress: Senate, conference report on deficiency and sundry_civil bill adopted. Levi P. Morton installed Vice-President and new Senators sworn in; House, resolution passed complaining of discourtesy on the part of the Senate. Anarchists renew their meetings in Chicago.

6. Eight members of the new Cabinet take the oath of office, namely, James G. Blaine, Maine, Secretary of State; William Windom, Minnesota, Treasury; Redfield Proctor, Vermont, War; William H. Miller, Indiana, Attorney - General; John Wannamaker, Pennsylvania, Postmaster - General; Benjamin F Tracey, New York, Navy; John W. Noble, Missouri, Interior; Jeremiah M. Rusk, Wisconsin, Agriculture. Servia: The King abdicates in favor of his son, aged thirteen, who takes the throne as Alexander I. Africa: The Germans have captured Bagomoyo, defeating the Arabs with great loss.

7. Congress: Senate, Mr. Ingalls elected President of the Senate pro tem. Italy and Servia: New ministries formed.

:

8. John Ericsson, scientist and inventor, dies. France The Bank of France advances 100,000,000 francs to the Comptoir d'Escompte to meet the withdrawal of deposits.

9. The President and his Cabinet hold their first meeting. The National Association of School Superintendents meets at Washington. France: The Chamber of Deputies revokes the decree of exile against the Duc d'Aumale.

11. The President makes the following nominations: Thomas W. Palmer, Minister to Spain; John F. Swift, to Japan; John D. Washburn, ConsulGeneral to Switzerland; George C. Tichenor, to be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Six thousand weavers go on strike at Fall River, Mass. Chicago division of the Wabash Railroad sold for $3,500,000. Sir Julian Pauncefote appointed Minister from Great Britain to the United States.

12. The Supreme Court of West Virginia declares that Gov. Wilson shall retain office until the result of the election is declared. F. W. Dawson, editor of the Charleston, S. C., "News and Courier," is shot by Dr. F. B. McDow, who gives himself up. Congress The President sends the following nominations to the Senate: Ex.-Gov. Porter, of Indiana, to be Minister to Italy; John Enader, of Illinois, Minister to Denmark; A. C. Mellette to be Governor of Dakota; George S. Batcheller to be Assistant Secretary of the Treasury.

13. Congress: The President nominates Eugene Schuyler to be Assistant Secretary of State (rejected), Walker Blaine to be Examiner of Claims, Cyrus Bussey to be Assistant Secretary of the Interior.

14. The Supreme Court of West Virginia decides that Senator Carr has no claim to the governorship. Congress: The President nominates James S. Clarkson to be First Assistant Postmaster-General, and John A. Kasson, William Walter Phelps, and George H. Bates to be commissioners to Berlin. Newfoundland: The Government denies the right of American fishermen to buy bait in Newfoundland ports.

16. Senator Chace, of Rhode Island, resigns his seat in the United States Senate. Africa: The Mahdist forces are defeated with heavy loss by Senoussi.

17. The Pope formally acknowledges the efforts of Canadian bishops to secure his temporal power.

18. Congress: Senate, William W. Thomas nominated to be Minister to Norway and Sweden, Samuel R. Thayer Minister to the Netherlands, Smith A.