Silurian limestone that decomposes easily. Lexington is one of the oldest settlements in the State, having been named on the day when the news of the Battle of Lexington, Mass., April, 1775, reached that frontier point. It was the meeting-place of the first Legislature (1792), and has been the home of many distinguished men. Some of its long streets are exceedingly beautiful avenues between spacious grounds surrounding stately old houses. Here are the University of Kentucky, a military school for boys, and three seminaries for young ladies; and here meets the State Chautauqua Assembly. Lexington derives its largest reputation from the race-horses that have been bred there or in the immediate vicinity. The old families had raised fast horses long before the civil war, of which Lexington had hard experience. When the close of the war had made it possible to buy farms and blooded sires cheaply, shrewd Northern men, knowing the extraordinary capabilities of that climate and pasturage, invested largely in breeding farms, and now the principal of these are in the hands of men not natives of Kentucky. Running horses, or thoroughbreds, first received attention. Lexington, Longfellow, Ten Broeck, Leamington, Himyah, Virgil, and many others, famous on the running-tracks years ago, came from this locality. But before long all of the breeders at Lexington, and most of those elsewhere in the blue-grass district, turned their attention to trotting horses, since they were able to sell trotters to better advantage than runners when they did not turn out to be great racers. This has become an immense business, and a large area formerly planted with hemp or grain is now devoted to pasturage. For this class of horses, the famous sires Mambrino Chief and Bellfounder had laid the foundation. In 1864 Lady Thorne trotted a full mile at Lexington in 2.30. and Mambrino stock took the lead. Almont, son of Rysdyk's Hambletonian, and Dictator were the next celebrities. The latter is the sire of Jay-Eye-See (record, 2.10); Phallen (2.13); and Director (2.17). These were followed by "the mighty George Wilkes," the sire of more trotters of great speed and sires of trotters than any other horse on earth. Year by year the record was reduced, until dozens had done better than 2.15, and finally Maud S. trotted a full mile in 2.084. Many large farms are now devoted to this industry, and enormous prices are paid for animals of promise or approved power. To the spring races at Lexington the horsemen of the whole country look to see what is coming forward; and at the annual sales from 800 to 1,000 highly bred horses are sold, the average price in 1889 exceeding $300, while the total receipts by blue-grass breeders was above $250,000. In addition, large sales of thoroughbred take place, but these are less prominent at Lexington than at some neighboring towns, such as Paris. This business brings many strangers to the little city, and gives it an unusually alert and cosmopolitan air; but it also promotes to a great degree the evils that unfortunately attend horse racing. Lexington is also famous for the manufacture of "Bourbon" whisky, a beverage made of a mixture of corn and grain, which is peculiarly strong in alcohol and fiery in its taste. There are several large distilleries in or near the

city, and their product amounts to many thousand of barrels annually.

Lockport, a city and the county seat of Niagara County, New York, in the northwestern part of the State, on the Erie Canal, and on branches of the New York Central and New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroads. Lockport was a post-office in 1822, and had its origin in the construction of the five canal locks cut through solid rock which at this point overcome the difference in levels of sixty feet. The work occupied a large force four years. From these locks the city takes its name. It was incorporated in 1829 as a village, and grew rapidly from the enlargement of the canal in 1835, when the locks were made double. In 1845 the population was 12,000; in 1888, 20,000. Between Buffalo and Lockport there is a canal level of 31 miles, 568 feet above the mean level of the Hudson at Albany. The greater part of the city is on the plateau forming the edge of the Erie level. More than 90 per cent. of Niag ara County is under cultivation. It is the second county in the State in the production of wheat, and claims one tenth of the entire yield of fruit. It is the home of the Niagara white grape. Gray and red sandstone, used for paving-stone and construction purposes, lie beneath the surface limestone. A ten-mile railroad, to connect with the Rome, Watertown, and Ogdensburg, was surveyed in 1888. Lockport is the third city in importance as a shipping point between Buffalo and New York, and is a through billing point to all parts of the continent. During 1888, 100 new dwellings were erected, and $230,000 expended on commercial buildings. Telephone communication is held with towns within a radius of sixty miles. Three daily papers are issued. Sanitation is directed by a board of health. New water works, of the Holly-Gaskell system, have been completed. To increase the water supply a company was chartered in 1886 empowered to draw water from Niagara river to be discharged into Lake Ontario. A canal has been proposed 200 feet wide and 20 deep, to to yield 363,060 horse-power, which, in addition to the supply of pure water for domestic use, will be available for commercial and manufacturing purposes. A volunteer fire department is provided with electric alarm. The city is lighted by gas, and has street railways. One fourth of the city tax is levied for public schools; these are five primary, one union, and one high school, and a circulating library is maintained by the school money. There are seventeen churches. A convent and a young ladies' academy are connected with St. Patrick's. The Young Men's Christian Association has a library, gymnasium, etc., and during the winter conducts a course of public entertainments. There is a new court-house of cut sandstone. The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad has a new passenger depot, and there is a fine opera house and several halls capable of seating large audiences. The surplus water of the canal at the upper level is utilized in two races, one in the form of a tunnel, opposite each other, and each with a fall of fifty-three feet to the canal below, Along the line of this water power are large stone flouring mills, the works of the Holly Manufacturing Company, manufactories of mill

ing machinery, a planing mill, a canning factory, and machine shops and foundries that manufacture steam dredges, boilers, engines, water wheels, saws, stave, broom, veneer, and chair machines, tackle blocks, and railroad trucks. The surplus water below the locks is discharged into a natural stream flowing with rapid fall northward to Lake Ontario. Here are a saw mill, employing 200 men and handling 15,000000 feet of lumber and timber a year, two paper and one rolling mill, an indurated-fiber company, turning out 540,000 pieces yearly, a woodpulp mill, and electric smelting and aluminum works. Others manufactories are of cotton-batting, shirts, filters and coolers, barrels, brooms, staves and heading, carriages, furniture, files, and reversible seats. Glass-works are in operation, and cider mills, refining by sand. The Holly steam heating system had its origin at Lockport. Meriden, a city of New Haven County, Conn., midway between Hartford and New Haven, eightteen miles from either, on the New Haven and Hartford Railroad; latitude 41° 42 north, longitude 72° 47' west: population in 1880, 18,340; in 1887, 24,309. It became a city in 1867. It is lighted by electricity and has good electric-car service, water from a mountain reservoir, electric fire alarm, and a paid fire department. The town has 3 post-offices, 5 banks, 15 churches, 18 public-school buildings in which are employed 84 teachers, 1 German and 1 parochial school, and 1 convent. Its high-school building and its Congregational church are among the finest buildings in the State, The State Reform School is here. The school population for 1889 was 5,651: the " grand list" for the same year was $10,000,000. The principal productions are electro-plated goods, gas and lamp fixtures, lamps, ornamental bronzes, cast, forged, and malleable iron, brass kettles, casters, door latches, locks, sleigh, door, table, and call bells, builders' and carriage-makers' hardware, spoons, screws, vises, coffee-mills, power presses, pocket and table cutlery, steel pens, harness trimmings, flint glass, reed organs, orguinettes, shot - guns, piano stools, clocks, and woolen goods. Meriden has a railroad of its own connecting it with Cromwell on the Connecticut, and another connecting it with Waterbury. The Curtis Home is an institution built by the late Lemuel J. Curtis, for aged women and orphans, and endowed with $600,000. The Hon. I. C. Lewis, of Meridian, has recently finished a brick and free-stone business block, at an expense of $75,000, and given it to the trustees of the Meridian City Mission. A soldiers' monument was erected in 1875, at an expense of $15,000. Meriden is in an interesting geological locality, surrounded by trap rocks rising 900 feet above the waters of Long Island Sound, among which Prof. William M. Davis has recently discovered the ash-bed of an extinct volcano.

Moncton, a town of Westmorland County, New Brunswick, at the head of navigation on Petitcodiac river, at the grand junction of the Intercolonial Railway system, 186 miles northwest from Halifax and 89 miles northeast from St. John. It was settled in 1763 by two families of German descent from the vicinity of Philadelphia. The population in 1871 was 1.200; in 1881, 5,032; in 1889, estimated at 9,000. The assessed valuation is $2,000,000; valuation

of property exempted from taxation, $1,800,000. Moncton is the terminus of the Buctouche and Moncton railway; two short lines-extensions of the Grand Trunk and the Canadian Pacific-are surveyed across the province to this point; and the lines of the Intercolonial from Halifax, from Quebec, and from St. John, center here. The general offices and the workshops of the last-named railway are also here. The Intercolonial Railway yard covers 95 acres, and contains 20 miles of sidings. The railway buildings cover 8 acres, and $100,000 is being expended this year in enlarging the machine shops and providing accommodations for increasing traffic. Moncton is supplied by water from two reservoirs, the first having an elevation of 140 feet and a capacity of 80,000,000 gallons, the second having 200 feet elevation and a capacity of 40,000,000 gallons. The water supply is adequate for a population of 30,000. The town is lighted by electricity. There are 1 high school and 7 common schools, having 22 teachers, 8 churches, 2 daily and 2 weekly newspapers, and 3 banks. The principal manufacturing establishments are a sugar refinery, with a capital of $300,000 and an annual product exceeding 70,000 barrels; a cotton mill, with a capital of $300,000, and having 12,000 spindles; a flouring mill, with a capacity of 300 barrels a day; an iron foundry, with a capital of $35,000 and an annual product worth $70,000; manufactures of agricultural implements, wooden ware, carriages, steam engines, mill machinery, brass and iron hardware, etc. The imports increased from $63,498, in 1880, to $851,729, in 1889, and exports increase from $12,718 in 1880 to $283,195 in 1889. A bill for a city charter is now in prepa

ration.

New Britain, a city of Hartford County, Conn. The town was incorporated in 1850 and the city in 1870. The population, which was 3,029 in 1850, was 13,978 in 1880, and is about 18,000 in 1889. It is largely a manufacturing city, having 173 mills, manufactories, and business establishments. The large hardware establishments have greatly increased their facilities and buildings within ten years. The New York and New England Railroad passes directly through the city, and the New York, New Haven and Hartford main line within two miles, with a branch line to the city, connecting with the New York and New England. A fine passenger station of stone and brick was completed in 1887, and is used by both roads. A tramway on the principal streets was opened in the autumn of 1886. The water supply of the city, which comes from Shuttle Meadow Lake, has been increased by the construction of the Panther Swamp Canal, and is now abundant. Sewers extend to nearly all parts of the city. The principal streets, buildings, and stores are lighted by electricity. A new building for the Connecticut State Normal School was completed and opened in 1883. The Mechanics' National Bank, the second bank of discount in the city, was opened in 1887. A large Roman Catholic cathedral is building, and also a stone church for the Methodists. The Young Men's Christian Association building, to cost about $50,000, was erected in 1887. The New Britain "Herald" was consolidated with the " Observer" in October, 1887, and a daily

and weekly edition are issued. A State armory, an imposing brick structure, was erected in 1887. The New Britain Institute, in 1887, received a portion of the bequests of the late Cornelius B. Erwin, and has made considerable additions to its library and reading-room.

Newburgh, a city of Orange County, N. Y., on the west bank of Hudson river, 60 miles above New York city. It is surrounded on three sides by mountains. It covers 4 square miles, and is, for the most part, built upon a series of terraces, averaging 150 feet above the river. It has a population of about 25,000. Its harbor, Newburgh bay, is 8 miles long, with a front of from a mile to a mile and a half, and has a depth of from 30 to 60 feet. The facilities for lading are better, and elevator charges for grain less than in the harbor of New York. Newburgh has a large forwarding business in lumber and coal also. For the latter it is a large market; coal from Pennsylvania mines is transshipped from rail to coasters and barges, destined for all districts of New England and Canada accessible by ocean, lake, river, or canal. Returning vessels are often loaded with lumber. The West Shore Railroad runs through the city, and the Erie into it. The Lehigh and the Ontario & Western connect, and ferries, which ply winter and summer, connect with the New York Central, New York and New England, and the Newburgh, Dutchess, and Connecticut lines. Eight lines of steamers ply to and from the city regularly, in addition to the two ferries, and innumerable tramp vessels increase the trade. Newburgh owns a large fleet of river craft-steamboats, schooners, and barges. It is a favorite place for excursions. The old stone house, which was the headquarters of Washington during the last years of the Revolutionary War, is preserved within the city limits in its original condition, at the expense of the State, and attracts many tourists. The city is lighted by gas and electricity, and is abundantly supplied with water from a lake three miles distant and 276 feet above the lower level, affording ample supply to extinguish fires in the business part without engines. The higher parts are fed from a high-level reservoir, filled by pumps. The fire department is well equipped. There are 4 daily newspapers, and 4 banks. Newburgh is especially proud of its public schools, of which there are 1 primary, 3 graded, and a free academy. The private schools include the Newburgh Institute, which prepares for college, a boarding-school for girls, and 3 parochial schools controlled by Roman Catholics. There is a free public library of 20,000 volumes, which is also abundantly supplied with periodical literature. The Young Men's Christian Association numbers 600, and has a handsome building, with library, and all the usual accessories. The churches number 24, and there are a Children's Home, a Home for the Friendless, St. Luke's Home, and an almshouse which is largely self-supporting by means of its farm. The rate of taxation is about two mills to the dollar. The city has a board of trade. Cheap building is facilitated by the neighborhood of the great brick fields of the Hudson, and most of the buildings are of brick. The manufactures include wire goods, paper, shoes, plaster, lime, engines, machinery, soap, boats, paper boxes, woolens, cot

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tons, carpets, clothing, carriages, hats, brushes, tiles, and wood-work. Among the machines for which Newburgh is famous are the Wright engines, used upon the Brooklyn Bridge, and lawn

mowers.

Norwich, a city of New London County, Conn., at the head of tide-water on the river Thames, at the base of a high bluff, 14 miles from Long Island sound, 136 miles from New York, and 95 miles from Boston. Its population is about 25,000. It is the southern terminus of the Norwich and Worcester Railroad, and a daily line of passenger and freight steamers connect it with New York. The New London Northern Railroad passes through the city, Horse-car tracks are laid in the principal streets, extending out to the suburban villages, and gas and electric lights are in general use. The water works have a sufficient head to throw a stream over the highest buildings. Norwich is a large manufacturing center, having 40 establishments of various kinds within its limits which employ 5,500 hands, to whom is paid $2,160,000 a year. The making of cotton and woolen fabrics, fire-arms, paper, merchantable iron, printing presses, and locks are among the chief industries. The four cotton-mills, whose aggregate capital is $2,750,000, run 184,000 spindles, employ 2,800 operatives, and pay $810,000 for labor, manufacture 34,500,000 yards of cloth, and consume 8,650,000 pounds of cotton annually. The Ponemah cotton mill, which is said to be the largest but one in the country-being a trifle less than a third of a mile in length-employs 1,500 hands, and turns out yearly 20,000,000 yards of goods. Norwich has an excellent harbor and is accessible to vessels drawing thirteen feet of water. It does a large lumber and coal trade, and also deals heavily in cotton, wool, and iron. It has 6 national banks, with a combined capital of $2,320,000, and 3 savings banks whose aggregate deposits amount to more than $13,000,000. There are 25 churches and 22 school buildings. The Free Academy was built and endowed by private subscriptions, amounting to $260,000. Within the past three years, Wm. A. Slater (son of the late John F. Slater, who gave $1,000,000 for the education of Southern blacks) has built and given to the Free Academy a fine building at a cost of nearly $200,000, in memory of his father. This is to be used for public lectures, graduating exercises, mineral and floral collections, a library, music room, etc. A large hall in the building is to be used for an art museum. Through Mr. Slater's generosity, an agent has been sent abroad to purchase works of art for the museum, and in a few months the collection, one of the largest and finest in the country, will be open to the public. Norwich has many beautiful residences. From its picturesque situation and its many attractive features, in the way of public buildings, parks, and streets shaded by elms and maples, the city is known as "the Rose of New England"-a name given it by Henry Ward Beecher, who was an enthusiastic admirer of the place.

Pensacola, a city, and the county seat of Escambia County, Fla., in the northwestern part of the State, on Pensacola Bay: population, about 15,000. The bay is 30 miles long, and from 3 to 4 miles wide, affording a land-locked

harbor. The water on the bar is 23 to 26 feet deep. Pensacola is the site of a United States navy-yard, upon which $18,840 were expended in 1888 for repairs, maintenance, etc.; no improvements were made during the year. For the year ending June 30, 1889, the foreign vessels that entered numbered 495; American, from foreign ports, 30; coasting vessels, 97; making a total of 622, with crews numbering in all 7,801 men, and aggregate registered tonnage of 430,334. The foreign vessels cleared numbered 499: American, for foreign ports, 34; coasting, 70; number of men, 7,899; tonnage, 402,909. The total value of exports, foreign and coastwise (at valuation 15 per cent. below real value), was $3,748,154; value of imports from foreign ports, $37,705.16. Imports have fallen off in salt, steel rails, and fertilizers, the last two items heretofore received from abroad having for the past season reached Pensacola by coasting vessels from home ports. The amount of lumber and timber exported shows a grand total of 318,318,800 superficial feet. This does not include shipments of lumber, timber, shingles, doors, sashes, and blinds by rail to interior points. In June, 1889, Pensacola was selected as permanent headquarters of the Export Coal Company, for supplying the Cuban and West Indian coal trade from the Alabama mines. The Louisville and Nashville Railroad is constructing wharves, and it is estimated that the export of coal will eventally reach 400,000 tons per annum. The fishing business employs about fifty vessels. Pensacola has three railroads-the Louisville and Nashville, Pensacola and Atlantic, and a local road of ten miles There is also a marine railway. The city has gas and electric lights, a street railway, water-works, eleven miles of watermains, with pressure of eighty pounds, and a fire department with electric fire alarm. There are five public schools, and churches of the various denominations. Two daily and two weekly newspapers are issued. Of a dozen city parks but one has been improved. There are twenty miles of avenues for driving and riding. Three building associations are in operation. Pensacola's Federal building cost $250,000; the county court-house, $45,000; the opera house, $75,000. Two rifle companies have a fine armory. The manfactures include two iron foundries and an ice factory with capacity of forty tons a day. Phenix, or Phoenix, the capital city of Arizona, and the county seat of Maricopa County; population 8,000. The county has an area of nearly 10,000 square miles, through the center of which flows Salt river, a branch of the Gila. Twenty years ago this valley was an arid waste. Pioneers showed that the soil and climate were adapted not only to general agriculture, but particularly to the raising of both wine and raisin grapes, and of semi-tropical fruits. Irrigation works, taking water from Salt river, and in several cases following prehistoric canals, have been extended, until they now exceed 300 miles in length, and are capable of watering 250,000 acres. About 18,000 people inhabit the valley, where several villages have arisen. Phenix owes its name to the circumstance that remains of a prehistoric "pueblo” are there-the idea being that the new city is an old one revived. Its site was surveyed in 1870, the

blocks" being made 300 feet square and the main streets 100 feet wide. But the Apache Indians were then so much of a terror in this part of Arizona that little progress was made until after Gen. Crook's removal of them in 1876-77. After that time the advance was rapid. In 1883 the great Arizona irrigating canal was begun, and its progress gave employment to hundreds of men, until its completion, in 1887, at a cost of $700,000. Since then, other large canals have been made. On July 4 of the same year Phenix was connected by a branch railroad with the Southern Pacific main line, at Maricopa Wells, 35 miles southward. A mercantile business had already been planted there, which has now outgrown that of any other town in Arizona, and amounts to $2,000,000 a year. Its customers are found in a vast area of ranch-lands and in the many mining communities scattered through the surrounding mountains. A chamber of commerce fosters this business and all public improvements, and spreads information that is likely to attract immigrants. Phenix has been the county seat of Maricopa County since 1871, and has a handsome brick court-house, with a clock tower, which occupies a small park in the center of the city. The United States Court of that district has rooms in it. Another little park surrounds the city hall, and a third the main school building, which cost $22,000 and has been supplemented by two others costing $14,000. All these, and the handsome new fire hall, are of brick. There are churches of various denominations, and several benevolent orders have branches here. The Masons and Odd Fellows are each erecting costly buildings. Both the Methodists and the Presbyterians are preparing to organize collegiate schools, and the Territorial normal school is at Tempe, a flourishing, fruitgrowing town a few miles away. About $200,000 worth of buildings are in course of erection or contracted for. In January, 1889, the Territorial capital was removed from Prescott to Phenix. Shortly after the assembling of the Legislature in the latter city, a commission was appointed to prepare for the building of a Capitol. Out of several sites that were offered free, one of ten acres just west of the city, was selected. A tax decreed will yield about $4,000, which the commission will expend in laying out these grounds, planting trees of the great variety that this semitropical climate permits, and laying the foundation of the building. The street cars along the main street now run to the proposed gate, and their tracks will be extended through the new street that is to encircle the Capitol grounds. Phenix has all the improvements required in a modern town -a municipal organization, a chamber of commerce, police and fire departments, public water in pipes and by surface irrigation, gas and electricity for illumination, street cars, telephones, two daily newspapers, banks, and loan companies. Much attention has been paid to the public planting of shade trees and to the cultivation of flowers and shrubbery. The mountains that cut the horizon in every direction, abound in gold mines, some of which yield very largely and sustain populous communities. The landscape is enhanced by almost continuous clear weather. The summers are long, dry, and hot; but in winter the mercury

rarely sinks lower than 25°, and frost is almost unknown. An ostrich farm is one of the curiosities of the neighberhood, and date palms and bananas are grown about the houses, together with the orange, lemon, olive, and guava trees. Provo, the county seat of Utah County, Utah Territory, on the eastern shore of Utah Lake, 45 miles from Salt Lake City, and 81 miles from Ogden; population, about 6,000 By the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad it has direct communication with the East, while the Utah Central also passes 200 miles to the south. The city is the supply quarter largely for southern Utah. Wool shipments are made in return. The county is the second in population in the Territory. The assessed property valuation is $3,386,000, which is about one third of its cash value. The soil is rich, and by means of irrigation produces in abundance grains, vegetables, and fine fruits. Provo is called the Garden City of Utah." Hop-culture is being introduced on the mountain benches of the Wasatch range. Fine iron, of a nature so free as to be used as a flux in the Salt Lake smelters, exists in unlimited quantities, and is easily worked. Coal of the best quality can be procured from the Pleasant valley district, and in 1888 a London syndicate negotiated for the purchase of large consolidated iron mines in the county, looking to the establishment of rolling mills at Provo, in addition to the foundries already built. The county owns large interests in the famous Tintic mining district. The only factory of fireproof iron-ore paint in the West is at Provo. Fourteen miles to the east are the mines of the North American Asphalt Company. Building stone abounds. The streets are wide, and present the features peculiar to Utah of flowing water and fine trees. Asphalt sidewalks are contracted for. Water is supplied by Timpanogas river and by artesian wells, being reached in these last at depth of less than 200 feet. The water power of Provo for manufactures is the best in Utah. Electriclight and street-car companies have been incorporated. The schools include the Brigham Young and Proctor academies, and a fine district school-house has been recently built at a cost of $20,000. The Mormon Tabernacle is a handsome building. Methodist, Presbyterian, and other denominations are represented. The Territorial Insane Asylum is located at Provo, and the south wing of its building has been completed, at a cost of $120,000. The court-house, jail, and opera house are to be noted. A large woolen mill is in operation, the second in size on the Pacific coast. It occupies four buildings, costing $280,000, and has 3,420 spindles and 215 looms, using 1,000 pounds of wool daily. The product of superior fabrics reaches $200,000 a year. There are also three flour and three lumber mills. One weekly newspaper is issued, and the city has a board of trade.

Rome, a city and the county seat of Floyd County, Ga., situated at the confluence of the Etowah and Oostanaula rivers, which here form the Coosa in the northwestern part of the State. The population of the city is about 15,000. It is a railroad center of the industrial South, 70 miles from Chattanooga, 65 from Atlanta, 126 from Birmingham, and 65 from Anniston. The three main divisions of the East

Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad radiate from Rome, and it has in addition the Rome Railroad, connecting with the Western and Atlantic, the Rome and Decatur, through the Warrior coal fields, and the Chattanooga, Rome and Columbus. The Rome and Northeastern, chartered and surveyed in 1888, will connect with the Richmond and Danville at Gainesville, Ga. Floyd County, at the Piedmont Exposition, held in Atlanta in October, 1887, received the prize for best and most varied agricultural and mineral products. Iron and manganese abound. Within a radius of 25 miles are 6 iron furnaces, and ore is shipped to Birmingham and Anniston, Ala. Six miles from Rome are 2 large quarries of Egyptian marble, connected with railroads by side tracks. While not especially a cotton-growing region, the territory tributary to Rome supplies annually 80,000 bales, and has reached 100,000. Grain, grasses, and fine fruits are raised, and timber exists in large quantities. Two stave and buckler factories ship staves to France. The Oostenaula river is navigable 105 miles, and the Coosa 215, to within 70 miles of its junction with the Tallapoosa. When the removal of shoals from that point is completed by the United States Government, there will be direct communication with the Gulf, 750 miles. Five steamers ply upon the two rivers, the largest with a capacity for 800 bales of cotton. The supply of the Coosa yearly is 30,000 bales. The bonded debt of the city is $312,900, and by provisions of charter can not be increased. Two national banks have a joint capital of $300,000. Two iron bridges span the Etowah, and an iron draw-bridge the Oostenaula, the latter costing $20,000. Rome has two street railways and one dummy line, gas, and electric lights. The water works have a tower 70 feet high, capacity of 80,000 gallons, and pressure of 80 pounds. The water is drawn from a well 12 feet in diameter cut through solid limestone rock, with transverse tunnels 6 feet in diameter and 60 feet long underneath the rock. In 1887 there were 6 miles of mains. The drainage is excellent. There is a fire department of 165 men, with electric fire alarm. One daily paper is published. Public schools were introduced in 1883; the main building cost $20,000 and there are two others, one for white and one for colored pupils. There is also a high school with five grades. Rome Female College was established in 1845. Shorter College, also for women, was built at a cost of $130,000 by Col. A. Shorter and endowed by him with $40,000. There are 9 churches for whites, and several for colored people. The Gynæcological Infirmary, a private institution, established in 1880, occupies 8 buildings and accommodates 90 patients. There is a Young Men's Christian Association and a Young Men's Library. The scenery about Rome is fine, and there are numerous drives and parks. The manufactures include a scale company, a rolling mill, a nail factory, a brick company with a capacity of 50,000 bricks a day, a foundry and machine shop, a cottontie, a plow, a stove, 2 guano, 2 ice, and 2 furniture factories, planing, flour, and cotton-seedoil mills, a tannery, and a cotton factory of 3,000 spindles, and 2 compresses. The annual product of manufactured goods is $2,000,000. There is a cotton exchange and a board of trade.