and peace and order at home, have the first claim to the attention of Congress and of the new Government. The present army of the republic is a model of disinterestedness, fortitude, valor, and loyalty to its flag, but at the mercy of arbitrary dispositions, and without rules for its guidance or laws for its organization on a regular and systematized plan.

To the reforms required in this direction I shall devote my best endeavors, in order to avert the dangers of militarism, which is the suppression of liberty, at a more or less distant day, and make of the army a veritable institution, according to the terms of the Constitution and the requirements of modern progress. By this means, and being removed from party influence, it will occupy, as it now does, an exalted place in public opinion, and in the unfortunate event of our country's rights being endangered, be in a position to disinvolve an irresistible force. This measure will prove advantageous also in an economical point of view, doing away with useless expenses which weigh heavily upon the Treasury because of the impossibility for previous Governments to establish a perfect system of civil and military administration in the services connected with the army.

As for internal means of communication, they present to my mind an imperative and unavoidable necessity, which can not be neglected without injury to the common weal. It is indispensable to complete our railways to their natural termini in the north, west, and east, with their several branches, thus perfecting the facilities of travel and cementing the bonds of union between the provinces.

Such as have attentively watched the progress of this country can not have failed to observe, as you yourselves well know, the marked changes-economical, social, and political-effected by railways and telegraph lines in their progressive extension through the interior.

Rich and fertile provinces but await the construction of railways to increase their yielding powers a hundred-fold, with ready means of transportation to markets and the seacoast for their varied and magnificent products, representing the three kingdoms of na

ture.

For my part, I shall regard it as the greatest glory of my Government it, in three years from this day, we succeed in saluting with the whistle of the locomotive the towns of San Juan and Mendoza (the region of the vine and the olive), of Salta and Jujuy (the region of coffee, sugar, and other tropical products), and, throwing wide open at the same time our gates to the commerce of Bolivia, to receive the metals from her rich and inexhaustible mines.

I rely upon your aid, and that of the whole country, for the realization of these projects within the time specified, or sooner if possible; nor will the works mentioned be at all extraordinary or superior to our resources, if we can only live in peace.

The other branches of administration, such as immigration, public instruction, the enlightenment of all classes of society, the fostering care due to religion, commerce, arts, and industry-these have become normal duties which no Government can now neglect.

I must, nevertheless, make special mention of the necessity of peopling the desert territories, but yesterday the home of savage tribes and to-day the possible seat of populous towns, as the most efficient means of securing their possession.

I shall continue our military operations along the present frontier lines, north and south, until the complete subjection of the Patagonian and Chaco Indians, in order to blot out the military frontiers for ever, and not leave a single span of Argentine soil beyond the jurisdiction of the laws of the land.

Let us rid completely those broad and fertile regions of their traditional enemies who, since the days of the conquest, have ever retarded the development of our pastoral wealth; let us offer absolute security of life and property to those who engage their capital and their hands in the labor of fertilizing them, and we

shall soon see them peopled by eager multitudes of every race and from every clime, the future founders of new states to swell the power and greatness of the republic.

A young and vigorous nation like our own, with a vast extent of territory, fertile lands, a favored climate, and liberal institutions, ought not to look with amazement at such feats as these, of the accomplishment of which elsewhere under similar circumstances numerous examples are recorded in the history of human societies.

We are the outline of a great nation destined to exercise powerful influence in the civilization of America and of the world; but in order to complete the picture with full perfection of detail, we must enter with firm tread the path of regular life, as a people constituted in the image of those we have chosen for our model: that is to say, we require lasting peace, order unbroken, and permanent liberty. And, touching these particulars, I declare aloud from this exalted seat that I may be heard throughout the entire republic, I will make use of all means and authority placed by the Constitution in the hands of the Executive power of the nation to avert, crush, and repress any attempt against the public peace. If in any spot of Argentine territory a fratricidal arm be raised, or a movement subversive of the constituted authority, thither the nation's whole power shall be directed to restrain them. Yet I trust there shall be no need of this; for there are now none either individuals or parties-any longer mighty enough to arrest the charlot of the republic's progress by the crime of a civil war. On the other hand, the liberties and rights of citizens will be faithfully protected; and political parties, so long as they keep within constitutional bounds and do not degenerate into revolutionary parties, may remain in peaceful security from interference or hindrance on the part of my, Government. The door of the Constitution and the law is wide enough for all parties and all noble ambitions. And thus, who can doubt that the party which twice in the course of six years committed the error of attempting to repair electoral defeats by force of arms might this day be the legitimate directors of the destinies of the nation, had they not resorted to such odious extremes? In cases of doubt or of impossibility to discern where the rights of the citizen end and the attributes of the Government begin, my preference will always be to refrain from action, leaving time and public reason to solve the difficulty; and, should I be forced to take any steps that might affect the political interests of even the unworthiest of Argentines, I shall proceed upon mature reflection, and after having heard the opinion of my natural advisers and of the acknowledged eminent authorities which the country happily possesses.

Our relations with foreign powers will be zealously maintained and fostered by my Government, care being taken to augment and strengthen the bonds of union between this republic and the most advanced nations. It will be my especial endeavor to preserve harmony with our neighbors, while strictly abstaining from interference in their internal concerns. And as for those with whom, in relation to boundaries, we have difficulties still pending, I shall seek to solve these in a manner worthy of all concerned, without yielding one iota where I understand the dignity, rights, or integrity of the republic to be affected."

As a consequence of these views, our obligations toward foreign commerce shall be regarded as sacred, and I shall spare neither pains nor sacrifices to preserve our credit, both at home and abroad, by scrupulous attention to the service of our debts; for I regard the national honor as dependent upon the faithful discharge of that duty.

ARGYLL, Duke of, GEORGE DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, K. T., the Lord Privy Seal in the new English Cabinet, was born April 30, 1823. He is the only surviving son of the seventh Duke

of Argyll, and succeeded his father on April 26, 1847. He sits in the House of Lords as Baron Sundridge and Hamilton, in the peerage of England. He held the office of Lord Privy Seal also in the Earl of Aberdeen's Cabinet from 1852 to 1855, and on the break-up of that Ministry he retained the office under Lord Palmerston's premiership. He afterward became Postmaster-General in the same Cabinet, but resumed the Privy Seal in 1859, exchanging again to the postmastership on Lord Elgin being sent to China in the following year. He retired in 1866. In the last Liberal Cabinet of Mr. Gladstone, the Duke of Argyll held (from 1868 to 1874) the position of Secretary of State for India. He has been a frequent speaker in the House of Peers on such subjects as Jewish Emancipation, the Scottish Marriage Bill, the Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill, the Sugar Duties, Foreign Affairs, the Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, the Scottish Law of Entail, the Repeal of the Paper Duties, etc. During the administration of Lord John Russell he generally supported the Government, but he identified himself with the Liberal Conservatives. He showed a special interest in all questions affecting Scottish interests brought before the House of Lords, especially in the affairs of the Church of Scotland. Even before he had succeeded his father, he took, as Marquis of Lorne, an active part in the controversy in the Presbyterian Church of Scotland relating to patronage, and was regarded as the chief support of Dr. Chalmers. The first pamphlets published by him, and entitled "A Letter to the Peers, from a Peer's Son" (1842), and "On the Duty and Necessity of Immediate Interposition in Behalf of the Church of Scotland," related to this question. Though an admiring friend of Dr. Chalmers, he condemned the Free-Church movement then in agitation among certain members of the General Assembly. The fullest exposé of his views on church matters is given in his work, "Presbytery Examined" (1848), which traces and critically reviews the history of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland since the Reformation. He was elected Chancellor of the University of St. Andrews in 1851, and Rector of the Glasgow University in 1854. In addition to the works already mentioned, he published in 1866 "The Reign of Law," which had a very large circulation; in 1869, "Primeval Man: an Examination of some Recent Speculations"; and in 1870 a small work on the "History and Antiquities of Iona," of which island he is proprietor. He is Hereditary Master of the Queen's Household in Scotland and Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland, Lord-Lieutenant and Hereditary Sheriff of Argyllshire, and a Trustee of the British Museum. He was married to Lady Elizabeth, daughter of the second Duke of Sutherland. His wife died in 1878. Of his children, five sons and seven daughters were living in 1880. The eldest son, the Marquis of Lorne, married, in 1871, the Princess Louisa, fourth daughter of Queen Victoria.

ARKANSAS. The correct pronunciation of the name of this State has been a subject of investigation by a joint committee of the Eclectic and the Arkansas Historical Society. According to the results of their research, it appears that the name was taken from that of a tribe of Indians inhabiting the country upon the northern bank of the river of the same name. The early French explorers caught from them the sounds of the name, and endeavored to represent them by French modes of spelling. In other words, it belongs to the class of Gallicized Indian names, which, together with those of purely French origin, make so important a part of the nomenclature of the rivers, mountains, and prairies of the territory purchased from the French under the name of Louisiana. In the old diaries, notes, reports, and rude maps of the early French, the name is differently spelled. Each. having no guide, made his own phonetic effort to represent sounds heard upon the lips of the natives. In one point all agree, that the sounds represented by the letters and syllables can, in the French language, be nothing different from that pronunciation which afterward became common, namely, the pronunciation of those syllables with the final s silent, and the broad sound of a in each. This French pronunciation passed afterward to the Americans, prior to and with their purchase of the territory, and was used by all the people, as well as by statesmen in official transactions. This is illustrated by the American spelling, which for a while was adopted, to indicate approximately the French sounds. The English not having the final silent s, the letters aw were introduced temporarily to avoid ccrruption in pronunciation. They nearly, but not quite, represent the broad sound of a in the French, with the silent s. This became the spelling of Congress. It caught the pronunciation and transported it into the English at a critical period, when it might have been lost or corrupted, as many French names of less importance have been, to the point of entire disguise. When the pronunciation had become familiar, and the danger was thought to be past, the better taste of the more cultivated people, among whom was Governor Izzard, of the State, insisted upon a restoration of the original orthography, which was easily effected, and now universally adopted. But for uniformity, however, it would still be pardonable to use the orthography of Congress, in the act establishing the Territory.

Through these changes in spelling the pronunciation remained unaltered, and was retained by all the people until a quite recent period, and is still used by a very large majority of the people of all classes. The origin of the other pronunciation, which is used by a small class of educated people and has obtained recognition, to some extent, among lexicographers, although quite recent, eludes all investigation. By it the accent is cast on

the middle syllable, the final 8 is sounded, and the Italian sound of a in the second and third syllables changed to the sound of a in can instead of its sound in car. The committee say: "We are happy to state, however, that we find this vicious habit less universal and less firmly established than the honor given it by lexicographers led us to fear. It has never obtained except among a small class of immigrants from more distant States. It is almost unknown in those States which have furnished the great mass of our population, and entirely so among those born and bred in the State, or who came here at an early period. We are, therefore, unanimous, and without hesitation in declaring it, as the result of our inquiries, that the true pronunciation of our State is in three syllables, with the broad Italian sound of a in each, and with the final & silent, with the accent on the first and last. The spelling is correct, and indicates properly its French origin. The polite world will doubtless concede to our State the privilege of fixing the pronunciation of its own name. The pronunciation herein indicated as proper, is now retained and commonly used by the Governor, heads of departments, and all the Judges of our Superior Courts. We beg leave to recommend that it continue to be used in all official viva voce proceedings."

The Hot Springs adjustment was finally secured by an act of Congress, passed on June 16, 1880. The important features of the act may be briefly stated. It provides that every person, his heirs or legal representatives, in whose favor the commissioners appointed by Congress, relative to the Hot Springs of Arkansas, have adjudicated, shall have the sole right to enter and pay for the amount of land the commissioners have adjudged him entitled to purchase. This privilege continues for eighteen months after the expiration of the notice required by the tenth section of the act of Congress of March 3, 1877. The person so entering land must pay to the receiver at Little Rock forty per cent. of the assessed value of said land placed thereon by the commissioners.

A large and unadjusted claim is held by the State against the Government of the United States. Under an act of Congress of 1850, designed to aid in the construction of the necessary levees and drains to reclaim the swamp and overflowed lands, Congress gave to the State the whole of such overflowed lands not then fit for cultivation. The Interior Department, by this authority, reported as due 8,652,432-93 acres, and of this amount 7,627,812-14 have been approved to the State, and 7,121,953 acres actually patented. There still remain unapproved 1,024,620.79 acres, and of the approved lands no patent has been issued for 505,858.66 acres. The matter is complicated from the fact that Arkansas is largely indebted to the Smithsonian Institution, which is under the charge of the Government. This

Institution holds 500 $1000 bonds of the State of Arkansas issued in 1838, and, as no interest has ever been paid, the indebtedness now stands at something like $2,000,000, and the United States has made this default on the State's part the occasion for withholding payment of the five per cent. fund due the State arising from the sale of public lands.

Another complication arises from the issue of patents to citizens for this land already granted to Arkansas, and the donation of another quarter million of acres to railroads as a subsidy. Efforts are being made to have Congress reduce the price of public lands in this State to 62 cents an acre, except the reserved alternate railroad sections. The State Land Commissioner, in the fifteen months before January 1, 1880, disposed of 146,664 acres of the public lands of the State by sale and 317,640 acres by free grant to actual settlers, against 127,415 acres sold and 183,743 acres donated to settlers in the twenty-four months preceding.

An amendment was proposed to the State Constitution, which was designed to take from the Legislature all authority to pay certain State bonds. To become valid, it was requisite that it should have been agreed to by a majority of all the members elected to each House of the Legislature, and adopted by a majority of the electors of the State. The amendment had passed the Legislature and was submitted to the voters at the election in September. It was in these words:

ARTICLE XX. The General Assembly shall have no power to levy any tax or make any appropriations to pay either the principal or interest, or any part thereof, of any of the following bonds of the State, to sembly of the State of Arkansas, entitled "An Act to wit: Bonds issued under an act of the General Asprovide for the Funding of the Public Debt of the State," approved April 6, A. D. 1869, and numbered from four hundred and ninety-one to eighteen hundred and sixty, inclusive, being the " Funding Bonds" delivered to F. W. Caper, and sometimes called "Holford Bonds," or bonds known as Railroad Aid Bonds, issued under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas, entitled "An Act to aid in the Construction of Railroads," approved July 21, a. p. 1868, or bonds called "Levee Bonds," being bonds issued under an act of the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas, entitled "An Act providing for the Building and Repairing of the Public Levees of the State, and for other Purposes," approved March 16, A. D. 1869, and the supplemental act thereto, approved April 12, 1869, and the act entitled "An Act to amend an Act entitled, 'An Act providing for the Building and Repairing of the Public Levees of this State," approved March 23, A. D. 1871, and any law providing for any such tax or appropriation shall be null and void.

At the election in September, this amendment was rejected by the people by a majority of nearly four thousand votes.

A Republican State Convention was held at Little Rock, on May 2d, at which John A. Williams was President. Delegates to the Chicago National Convention were appointed, and instructed to support General U. S. Grant for President. Presidential electors were also

selected, and other business transacted relating to the State election.

The Greenback National-Labor Convention assembled on June 17th, and nominated for Governor, W. P. Parks; for Secretary of State, C. E. Tobey; for State Treasurer, W. A. Watson; for Auditor of State, C. E. Cunningham; for State Land Commissioner, Wilshire Riley; for Superintendent of Public Instruction, Peter Brugman; for Chief Justice of Supreme Court, J. Cole Davis; for Clerk of Chancery Court, W. T. Holloway.

The Democratic Convention assembled on June 4th, and nominated for Governor, T. J. Churchill; for Secretary of State, Jacob Frolich; for Auditor of State, John Crawford; for Treasurer of State, William E. Woodruff, Jr.; for Attorney-General, C. B. Moore; for Commissioner of Public Lands, D. W. Lear; for Supreme Judge, E. H. English; for Superintendent of Public Instruction, J. L. Denton; for Judge of Pulaski Chancery Court, D. W. Carroll for Clerk of Pulaski Chancery Court, J. W. Calloway.

The following platform was adopted: We, the Democratic party of the State of Arkansas, in delegated convention assembled, reaffirming and renewing the pledge of our allegiance and unwavering devotion to those great principles of equal rights, untrammeled suffrage, and universal toleration toward all men of whatsoever race, nationality, creed, or condition, that underlie and uphold the fabric of our free Government and republican institutions, and hereby solemnly plighting ourselves to a continued recognition, observance, and enforcement of the same, do further make these our declarations of party principles:

1. That the General and State governments are cach in their own proper and constitutionally appointed sphere supreme, and entitled to equal love, obedience, and devotion, and that neither can trench upon the province or prerogatives of the other without grave danger and detriment to the highest interests of both. 2. That, recognizing morality and intelligence together as the true and lasting basis of every free government, and an essential requisite to a proper exercise and enjoyment of the rights and privileges of the same, we are in favor of such a system of free public schools as will increase to even greater extent the facilities of education our people now enjoy, and with this view we commend to the Legislature of our State such needed revision of our school laws as may be

most conducive to this end.

3. That we favor and cordially invite immigration from every quarter without restriction, save that it be of an honest and industrious class, and we hereby proclaim and publish to the world that all charges and intimations that any man or classes of men have been or will be in any manner proscribed, or ostracized among us on account of political opinion, or otherwise, is an unjust and unfounded libel upon our people and State; and we hereby guarantee equal protection and enlightened tolerance to all alike who may come to cast their lot among us, and make our beautiful and growing State their home; and we demand from the Legislature the enactment of such suitable laws as will tend to encourage and increase immigra

tion into our midst.

4. We are in favor of such wholesome legislation as may be necessary to encourage the investment of capital in and the building up of manufactories in the State to the full extent that the same may be done branch of industry or enterprise before another of equal importance to the welfare of the people at large.

without undue discrimination in favor of one class or

5. That, recognizing from well-attested acts and conduct in the recent past that the time has come ignoring the party affiliations and prejudices of a bitwhen a large number of our colored fellow-citizens, ter past, are now willing to strike hands with us in the living present and march shoulder to shoulder with the great political party to which is intrusted the reins of power to be exercised for our common weal, we do hereby warmly acknowledge their kindly aid and disposition already shown, and cordially invite them to a yet fuller and more active cooperation with us in fostering and forwarding our common interests, and the welfare of our noble Commonwealth. We endorse the action of the Democratic State Convention assembled in 1878 in recommending the submission of the question of our State's bonded indebtedness to the people by resolution providing for an amendment to our State Constitution, as also the action of our State Legislature of 1879 in submitting the same to the people, and we do not now regard that question as a political one, and remit the same to the people to be voted on by them at the approaching election, irrespective of party.

The result of the election was the success of the Democratic ticket by a large majority.

ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES. Lieutenant-General Sheridan reports that there were 4,850 officers and men in the Department of Dakota; 2,840 in the Department of the Platte; 4,720 in the Department of Missouri; and 3,640 in the Department of Texas. He protests anew that this force is too small for the work which it has to perform, and inadequate for the suppression of disturbances in the Territories and Western States, and the protection of the borders. In the Division of the West there is only one man for 75 square miles of territory, in the Department of Texas only one man for 125 miles.

Major-General Hancock reports a force of 317 commissioned officers and 2,390 enlisted men in the Division of the Atlantic.

The number of soldiers drawing increased pay for length of service under the act of 1854 3,762; for ten years, 1,872; for fifteen years, is 6,129; for five years of continuous service, 227; for twenty years, 130; for twenty-five years, 97; for thirty years, 41.

The number of men and officers killed and mortally wounded in actions with Indians in the four years past was for each year as follows: In 1876, 16 officers and 272 men; in 1877, 7 officers and 121 men; in 1878, 2 offiThe total losses for the four years were 27 officers and 8 men; in 1879, 2 officers and 32 men. cers and 333 men.

According to the report of Adjutant-General Drum, the enlistment of soldiers has been conducted with such care in selection, that out of 23,300 applicants only 5,026, or less than 22 per cent., were enlisted. A great improvement in the class of men applying for enlistment has been observed within the past few years, which he ascribes to the act of June 18, 1878, to advance the more soldierly and intelligent of the enlisted men to commissions. The total number of soldiers who have passed out of the service during the year is reported as 7,582: 235 by death, 2,043 by desertion, 3,158 discharged on expiration of service, 482 by court-martial,

15 by civil authority, 116 on account of minority, and 653 by order. The assignments of reeruits and reënlistments amounted to 5,620: recruits assigned, 4,166; non-commissioned of ficers reenlisted, 474; musicians, etc., 41; privates, 939.

The deaths reported among the white troops by the Surgeon-General were 219, or about 1 per cent. of the mean strength (22,100), of which number 126 died of disease and 93 of wounds and casualties. The proportion of deaths to cases treated was 1 to 179. The number of white soldiers discharged from the service on surgeons' certificates of disability was 734, 3-3 per cent. of the average strength. The number of deaths among the colored soldiers was 46, or 1.9 per cent. of the mean strength; 21 of these died of disease, and 25 of wounds, accidents, and injuries. The proportion of deaths to cases treated was 1 to 88. The number of colored soldiers discharged on certificates of disability was 42, or 2.2 per cent. of mean strength (2,368). Casualties of seventeen hostile engagements with the Indians were reported for the year ending June 30, 1830. The organization of the army at present provides for 11 general officers, 555 officers, and 1,286 enlisted men for the staff; and 1,989 officers and 24,214 enlisted men for the line. Secretaries Sherman and Ramsey in their reports to the President recommend that the strength of the army be increased to 25,000 men in the troops of the line, instead of that number of enlisted men for all duties, to which limit the army is confined by the appropriation bills. Frontier tactics have undergone a great change since the extension of railroads through the Territories. It is no longer necessary to guard stage-routes and maintain small posts; but considerable bodies of troops may be concentrated at points of intersection on the railroads, whence they can be rapidly forwarded to the scene of action when Indian outbreaks take place. It is desirable to build permanent quarters for the soldiers at these central posts. Many of the small posts are still occupied, because they afford the only available quarters for the troops, which have ceased to be of any strategic importance. Secretary Ramsey and General Sherman recommend that authority be given to sell these useless sites and buildings, and apply the proceeds to erecting new barracks at the important military positions. The lack of officers for field-service prompts the suggestion that only retired officers be allowed in the educational employments for which regimental officers are now frequently detailed.

There are 78 schools in operation in the army, under the supervision of officers, with an aggregate attendance of 2,305 enlisted men and children. The enlistment of 150 schoolmasters, with the rank and pay of sergeants, is recommended by the Secretary of War.

Adjutant-General Drum addressed a circular in July to the adjutant-generals of the different

States, offering to aid in the organization of the State militia, and to help assimilate the rules and forms used in the State organizations to those employed in the regular service. The motive of the interest in the discipline of the State forces manifested on the part of the authorities of the regular army is to enable the army to be readily strengthened by the State troops and regular and volunteer recruits suitably officered by officers of the militia in the event of a war.

Officers were detailed to visit and inspect the summer encampments of the State troops.

The year has witnessed the suppression of the two troublesome bands of hostile Indians who have infested the Northern and Southern frontiers for many months, escaping over the borders when hard pressed by the military. The Apache leader Victoria and his band have been destroyed in Mexico, and the main body of the Sioux led by Sitting Bull have delivered themselves up to the military authorities.

In the engagement between Major Thornburgh and the Utes, near the White River Agency, September 29, 1879, 10 were reported killed and 35 wounded. In an attack upon Colonel Miles's command by the Sioux, at Beaver Creek, Montana, 3 were killed and 3 wounded, July 17th; in a skirmish at Salt Lake, Texas, July 25th, 2 were wounded; at Big Creek, Idaho, July 29th, 2 were wounded, and 1 killed at the same place August 20th. In an engagement with the Apaches, near Fort Bayard, New Mexico, 4 were killed and 1 wounded, September 5th. A number of engagements took place in New Mexico between a detachment under Colonel Morrow and the Apaches belonging to Victoria's band. On September 30, 1879, 2 were killed at the head-waters of the Rio Cuchillo Negro; 3 were killed and 1 wounded at Grozman Mountain, October 26th and 27th; on the Rio Perche, January 13, 1880, 1 was killed and 1 wounded. In an engagement in the San Mateo Mountains, January 17th, 2 privates were wounded and an officer killed. In engagements in the Carvallo and San Andreas Mountains, January 30th and February 7th, 1 was killed and 4 wounded. A severe fight took place on the east side of San Andreas Mountain, April 6th and 7th, between Mescallero Apaches and a portion of Colonel Hatch's command, in which an officer and 8 men were wounded. In a meeting on Ash Creek, Arizona, with Victoria's Apaches, May 7th, 1 man was killed. Trouble occurred also with the Sioux in Montana, who attacked several scouting parties. A party supposed to belong to Sitting Bull's band attacked a small detachment on Pumpkin Creek, February 7th, wounding 1 and killing 1; in another attack near Rosebud River, March 8th, 2 scouts were killed. On April 1st a skirmish took place on O'Fallon's Creek, in which 1 man was killed.

The Apaches were hotly pressed in New Mexico and Arizona by the United States troops and by volunteer organizations of citi