be deposited in said library and museum, and shall also perform the acts which are or may be required by law of the State geologist. 15. Curator to select certain books.-6. It shall be the duty of the said curator, as soon as the statehouse commissioners furnish the bookcases and furniture designed for the galleries of said rooms, to select from the State library all books and documents relating to the history of this State and place them in the new rooms as a nucleus for a State historical library. 16. Geological specimens to be removed and classified.-7. It shall be the duty of the curator as soon after this act takes effect as is practicable, to have the collection of geological specimens accumulated in the progress of the geological survey of this State, and other specimens hereinafter named, removed to said rooms and classified, labeled, and arranged in such a manner as to be effectually preserved and at the same time open to the inspection of the public. 17. Duplicate specimens.-8. One each of all the duplicate zoological and botanical specimens now on hand in the Illinois museum of natural history at Normal, which are not needed to illustrate the natural history work of the State Normal University, are hereby directed to be deposited as soon as practicable in the museum established by this act by the curator of said Illinois Museum of Natural History. 18. Museum at Normal.-9. It is hereby directed that the Illinois Museum of Natural History at Normal be converted into a State laboratory of natural history, at which, under the direction of the curator thereof, the collection, preservation, and determination of all zoological and botanical material for said State museum shall be done. It is made a part of the duty of said curator to provide, as soon as possible, a series of specimens illustrating the zoology and botany of the State, to deposit them from time to time in the museum established by this act, and to furnish as far as practicable, all zoological and botanical material needed by the State educational institutions for the proper performance of their work. 19. Appropriation.-10. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act, the following named sums are hereby appropriated out of the State treasury for the purposes herein specified: For the salary of the curator provided for in this act, the sum of $2,500 per annum for two years, payable quarterly. For the purpose of moving the geological specimens from the basement, and of moving the natural history specimens at Normal to the rooms designated, and for arranging, classifying, labeling, and putting all the said specimens in such condition that they will be effectually preserved and at the same time open to the convenient inspection of the public, the sum of $500. For the purpose of increasing the collections in natural history, the sum of $1,000 per annum, to be expended under the direction of the curator of the State laboratory at Normal. 20. When and how drawn.-11. The auditor of public accounts is hereby authorized and required to draw his warrant on the treasurer for the moneys herein appropriated, upon the order of the board of trustees: Provided, That no portion of said moneys, other than the annual salaries, shall be due and payable until satisfactory vouchers in detail shall have been filed with the auditor for the expenditures incurred. The survey, as will be noted by reference to these various enactments, had no connection with any other institution and was sustained wholly by legislative appropriations, at first annual and later biennial. Administration.-Under the act of 1851 Dr. J. G. Norwood was appointed State geologist and J. H. McChesney, Henry Pratten, Anthony Varner, and A. H. Worthen, assistants. In March, 1858, A. H. Worthen became State geologist, and H. M. Bannister, F. H. Bradley, E. T. Cox, Henry Engelmann, H. C. Freedman, H. A. Green, J. H. McChesney, and Frank Snow, assistants in geology, with W. Billington, topographer. Leo Lesquereux, F. B. Meek, J. S. Newberry, and Orestes St. John were assistants in paleontology.' According to the terms of the law, assistants were appointed only with the consent of the governor, auditor, and treasurer. The salaries paid the directors varied at different periods from $2,000 to $3,000 a year; those of the assistants in geology, from $800 to $1,000; and those of the paleontologists from $1,200 to $1,800. Topographers received but $500 a year. Museum.-Section IV of the act of 1851 called for the making of collections to be delivered to the secretary of state, who should "cause them to be properly arranged in a cabinet and deposited in some apartment in or convenient to the capitol." It was stipulated also that the collection should be sufficiently large to furnish specimens to all institutions of learning within the State empowered to confer degrees in the arts and sciences. In 1873 this clause, as noted, was so amended as to include the State Normal Schools, the Industrial University at Champaign, and all chartered institutions of science. located in the State and which published their proceedings and kept up a regular system of exchanges with other like institutions. Publications.-Doctor Norwood remained in charge of the survey until the spring of 1858, during which time he published two brochures, the first in connection with Henry Pratten in 1855, which consisted of 77 pages of text and three plates. This appeared in the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The second, entitled Abstract of a Report on Illinois Coals, with description and analyses, and a general notice of the coal fields, contained 93 pages of text and was published in Springfield in 1857. Under Worthen's administration the first and second volumes of the final report were published in 1866, the third in 1868, the fourth in 1870, the fifth in 1873, the sixth in 1875, the seventh in 1883, and the eighth in 1890. These volumes contained detailed reports of all the counties of the State and as much of the paleontology as the time and means at the disposal of the director enabled him to complete. The statements made on p. 43 of Survey Bulletin No. 465, relative to E. O. Ulrich, is somewhat misleading, since the survey came to an end in 1872, as noted. It was not until 1885 that Mr. Ulrich was employed by Mr. Worthen, then curator of the State Museum, to complete volume 8 of the reports of the defunct organization, an appropriation for which had been made by the legislature of that year. The Paleozoic rocks of the State, especially the upper and lower Carboniferous formations, proved to be exceedingly rich in fossil remains, and the whole of the second and a portion of each succeeding volume of the reports was devoted to the description and illustration of the new forms discovered in the prosecution of the work of the survey. One hundred and ninety-five octavo plates and numerous woodcuts were required to properly illustrate the species described in the first six volumes. The editions of the various reports were exhausted in a few months after publication, and as there was a continued demand for them at the office of the secretary of state, the thirty-first general assembly passed an act in 1881 authorizing a reprint in three volumes of the economical portion of the six volumes previously published, and also requiring the curator of the museum to prepare and publish another volume of geology and paleontology to correspond in form and style with the six originals, to be entitled: Volume 7 of the Geological Survey of Illinois. Five thousand copies of this volume were authorized and 3,000 copies each of the three volumes of economic geology. These three volumes were issued in 1882, and volume 7, containing 31 plates, the following year. The publications of the survey were distributed partly by the general assembly, each member receiving five copies, and the remainder by the secretary of state, except 300 copies, which were given to the authors of the work for foreign distribution. Benefits. The material results of the survey of Illinois have been the correct determination of the coal resources of the State, by defining the extent, number, and thickness of the different coal seams; a full report on the lead regions of both the northern and southern part of the State; also pointing out the location and extent of other mineral products, such as building stone, hydraulic, and common limestones, clays for pottery, firebrick, paint, etc. Its contributions to science have been the discovery, description, and illustration of nearly 1,200 new or little known species of fossils and the publication of a geological map of the State on a scale of 6 miles to the inch. The development of the coal resources undoubtedly gave a decided impetus to nearly all industrial interests, and in consequence of the cheap and abundant fuel resources, steel and iron mills and extensive zinc works have been established. The same cause has stimulated railroad enterprise and added vastly to the value of the prairie lands which, before the coal resources were known, were considered as of little value, in consequence of the scarcity of fuel. As noted in the laws, the survey was abolished in 1872, though appropriations for completing the publications were continued until 1875, when all active work ceased for a period of 30 years, to be revived once more in 1905.' Expenses. The following summary of appropriations for the geological survey, 1851-1875; the Historical Library and State Museum of Natural History, 1877-1889; and for the State Museum of Natural History, 1889 to 1900, is furnished by Mr. C. H. Crantz, curator: 1851. Seventeenth General Assembly: Survey instituted and a sum not to exceed $3,000 a year appropriated‒‒‒‒‒‒‒ 1853. Eighteenth General Assembly: General appropriation, a year, amounts__-- $6,000.00 11, 000. 00 11, 000.00 11, 000. 00 11, 000. 00 11, 000. 00 12,000.00 1863. Twenty-third General Assembly appropriation: Same amounts, 1869. Twenty-sixth General Assembly appropriation: Salary, geolo- 1873. Twenty-eighth General Assembly appropriation: Salary, ge- 1875. Twenty-ninth General Assembly made no appropriations for 1 Bull. 465, U. S. Geol. Surv., pp. 42-51. 31, 000. 00 15, 000. 00 10, 500,00 23, 961. 18 7,500,00 4,200.00 15, 800. 00 1883. Thirty-third General Assembly appropriation: Salary, curator, a year, $2,000; salary, assistant, a year, $600; salary, janitor, a year, $600; contingent fund, a year, $300; museum cases, $1,000-- 1885. Thirty-fourth General Assembly appropriation: Preparing vol. 1887. Thirty-fifth General Assembly appropriation: Salary, curator, 1891. Thirty-seventh General Assembly appropriation: Salary, cura- Total $8,000.00 18,600.00 8,000.00 8, 400.00 9,800.00 9, 440.00 9, 440.00 9, 440. 00 9, 440.00 $303, 521. 18 In this total are not included the cost of office supplies, such as ink, pens, papers, envelopes, etc., furnished direct by the secretary of state. INDIANA.' FIRST SURVEY UNDER DAVID DALE OWEN, 1837-1838. The first geological survey of Indiana, under State auspices, was made under the authorization of the following: Act to provide for a geological survey of the State of Indiana. SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, That the governor be, and he is hereby, authorized and required annually hereafter to appoint and commission a person of talents, integrity, and suitable scientific acquirements, as geologist for the State of Indiana, who shall receive in consideration of the faithful performance of his duties an annual salary not exceeding $1,500, and necessary expenses not exceeding $250, to be paid as the salaries of other civil officers of State are or may be directed to be paid. SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of the geologist to be appointed as aforesaid to make a complete and minute geological survey of the whole State, commencing with those portions in the vicinity of the contemplated public works (always having reference to the directions hereinafter provided), and thence through the other portions of the State, with as much expedition and accuracy as may be Compiled in part from manuscripts by Dr. Ryland T. Brown and Prof. Richard Owen. |