pages, giving the results of the work up to December 31, 1874, shows that the chief efforts were directed toward economic results. In this report Doctor Little called attention to the fact that, in order to satisfactorily meet the demands of the citizens of the State, the corps of the survey should be increased. The following amendment to the law was therefore passed and approved on February 27, 1875: An act to amend An act to create the office of State geologist, and to provide for a geological, mineralogical, and physical survey for the State of Georgia, approved February 27, 1874, and further to define the duties of the State geologist and his assistants, and for other purposes therein mentioned. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, That from and after the passage of this act, and as soon as the State geologist shall have performed the duties required in the third section of the act entitled "An act to create the office of State geologist, and to provide for a geological, mineralogical, and physical survey of the State of Georgia, and for other purposes," approved February 27, 1874, and that it shall be the duty of the State geologist and of his assistants therein named to commence the prosecution of their duties on the eastern or western boundary of the State, taking in each of the sections to be known as north, middle, and south Georgia, the most easterly or westerly tier of the counties in these respective sections, and to examine, survey, and report upon the same, in accordance with the requirements of the provisions of said act; and afterwards to take the next most easterly or westerly tier of counties running from north to south, and so on, until all the counties in each one of the three sections in this State shall have been fully surveyed, examined, and reported upon, as is provided for in said act creating the office of State geologist. SEC. II. The general assembly do enact, That section 3 of said original act be, and the same is hereby, amended by striking out first clause of said section and inserting in lieu thereof, "that the State geologist shall have three assistants, to be appointed or removed by the board of advisement on his recommendation"; and that said section be further amended by striking from the tenth line the words, "enter upon one of these sections," and so that said section, when amended, shall permit said State geologist to assign one assistant to each geological section of the State, he having general supervision of the whole work. SEC. III. The general assembly do enact, That section 6 of the original act, approved February 27, 1874, be, and the same is hereby, repealed.' SEC. IV. Repeals conflicting laws. Approved February 27, 1875. Under this amendment the following organization was effected: Northern division: A. R. McCutcheon, LaFayette, Walker County, geologist; M. T. Singleton, Kingston, Bartow County, engineer. Middle division: D. C. Barrow, jr., Woodville, Oglethorpe County, geologist; C. A. Locke, Decatur, DeKalb County, engineer. Southern division: R. H. Loughridge, Atlanta, Fulton County, geologist; C. C. Terry, Columbus, Muscogee County, engineer; W. S. Schley, of Savannah, Chatham County, in charge of office; W. J. Land, of Atlanta, Fulton County, chemist; and Prof. F. H. Bradley, 1 The section (VI) of the original act prescribed the pay of the geologist and assistants. Nacoochee, White County, geologist and special surveyor of the gold region and the Blue Ridge. During 1875, 105 of the 137 counties of the State were visited, and data collected sufficient, as announced in the second annual report, to permit the working out during the winter months of "the general geology of the whole State, and to construct a map approximately correct, on which most of the useful minerals can be noted and many of the roads and water powers. We are now prepared," Doctor Little announced, "to enter upon the detailed, systematic and accurate survey of each county in the several divisions of the State; and it is proposed, during the next season, to begin this work at three points on the western border of the State." The plan was not, however, carried out, owing presumably to insufficient time, the survey being abolished by the following resolution, in 1881: Whereas the general assembly of Georgia, by act approved February 27, 1874, did provide for a geological survey of the State and did create the office of State geologist, making an appropriation of $10,000 per annum for five years, and no longer, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of said act; and Whereas said term of five years did expire in the year 1879, and said appropriation was not extended or continued, the act of 1874 being thus allowed to expire by its own limitations, the general assembly of 1879 directing, by joint resolution, approved October 17, 1879, the governor to turn over to the commissioner of agriculture all the material of said geological department, and further requiring the governor to sell all the chemicals, live stock, and camp equipage of said department, thereby giving notice to the world that said geological survey was ended and said office of geologist abolished; therefore, Be it resolved by the General Assembly of Georgia, That said office of State geologist was discontinued and abolished in the year 1879 by the facts above recited, and that the said geologist has no claim on the State for any salary as such geologist since that date. Approved September 28, 1881. Expenses.-The salary of the State geologist was fixed by law at $2,000 a year and those of his assistants at $1,200 a year. The expense of publication of the second report was provided for by a special appropriation of $500. The total expense of the survey, as shown by the appropriations, would appear to have been: As provided by act of 1874, $10,000 a year for five years. $50,000 500 500 $51,000 Publications.-Two brief annual reports in the form of pamphlets of 36 and 16 pages, respectively, constitute the entire official results of the survey, though in Jones's Handbook of the State of Georgia, 1876, pages 17 to 143 are occupied with an account of the geology of the State, which is accredited to Little, as is also a catalogue of ores, rocks, and woods selected for the Paris Exposition. By a resolution dated February 26, 1877, the edition of the report of the geologists was fixed at 5,000 copies. Museum.-Although the wording of the original act would seem to have contemplated the formation of a museum, no definite steps in that direction appear to have been taken. In the final resolution for the abolition of the survey it was provided that all the material of the survey, aside from live stock and camp equipage, should be turned over to the commissioner of agriculture. THIRD GEOLOGICAL SURVEY UNDER J. W. SPENCER AND W. S. YEATES, 1889-1900. From the time of cessation of work by Doctor Little until November, 1889, the State survey seems to have been dormant. On the 12th of that month the following act was passed and approved: An act to revive the office of State geologist, and to provide for a geological, mineralogical, and physical survey of the State of Georgia, and for other purposes. SECTION I. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia, That the office of State geologist is hereby revived, and the governor, as soon as practicable after the passage of this act, shall appoint, with the consent of the advisory board, a competent person to this office, who shall have a thorough, scientific, and practical knowledge of the science of geology and mineralogy, and who is not connected with any school or college as an instructor. The State geologist shall enter upon the duties of his office on the 1st day of July, 1890, and shall hold until removed by the appointing power for inefficiency, incompetency, or misconduct, or until the office is abolished by the general assembly. The office of the State geologist shall be at the seat of government. SEC. II. Be it further enacted, That there shall be an advisory board, consisting of the governor of the State (who shall be president of the board), the commissioner of agriculture, the State school commissioner, the State treasurer, the comptroller general, and the attorney general. Four members present at any meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business. SEC. III. Be it further enacted, That two competent assistant State geologists shall be chosen by the advisory board, who may be removed at any time, by the appointing power, for incompetency, inefficiency, or misconduct. It shall be the duty of the State geologist and his assistants to divide the State into three geological sections, as nearly equal in area as may be expedient, to be known as North Georgia, Middle Georgia, and South Georgia geological sections; the northern section shall extend from the State line southward to the thirty-fourth degree of latitude; the middle section shall extend from that degree southward to the thirty-third degree of latitude; the southern section shall extend from the last-mentioned degree to the southern boundary of the State line; the survey and exploration of each of said sections shall commence simultaneously by said State geologist and his assistants; and $1,000 of the foregoing appropriation, or so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be applied to each of said sections for an outfit and necessary expenses incident to the prosecution of the work in each section. So soon as a general outline of geological survey of the entire State shall have been made, the State geologist shall enter upon one of these sections, and assign one to each of his assistants; and, under the control of the first named, the corps shall proceed to make a careful and complete geological, mineralogical, and physical survey of the State; to enter upon record, to be kept for that purpose in his office, an accurate statement of the extent of all water powers, woods, roads, springs, and watercourses, and the climate, topography, and general physical character of the country, and locate the belts of ores and useful minerals, building material; report characteristics and composition of soils, and the deposits of marls and phosphates; to collect, analyze, and classify specimens of minerals, plants, and soils, and enter the same upon record; to cause to be preserved in a museum specimens illustrating the geology, mineralogy, soils, plants, valuable woods, and whatever else may be discovered in Georgia of scientific or economic value, and shall make a report of the survey of every county of this State, accompanied with all necessary maps and illustrations. For the purpose of making the analysis contemplated in this act, the State geologist shall have access to the chemical laboratory of the State. The State geologist shall have supervision of the entire work, and shall be responsible for the accuracy of the same. It shall be the duty of the State geologist to make reports to the advisory board as often as required by them, and they shall report to each general assembly the progress and condition of the survey; an accurate account of money spent; and such reports of the State geologist and his assistants as have been completed, together with all such information as may be deemed necessary and useful. SEC. IV. Be it further enacted, That the advisory board shall have the supervision of the money expenditures in the prosecution of the work contemplated by this act. The State geologist shall make to the advisory board monthly statements under oath of all incidental expenses necessarily incurred by himself and his assistants, accompanied by proper vouchers, in the discharge of their labors. The board shall audit such accounts, item by item, and approve or reject the same, as in their judgment may be right. When an account is allowed, the governor shall draw his warrant for the amount thereof upon the funds appropriated by the provisions of this act. The governor, with the advice and consent of the board, may, at any time, suspend the field operations of the geological corps until the next meeting of the general assembly. SEC. V. Be it further enacted, That the State geologist shall keep his office in a room to be set aside for that purpose by the governor, and the commissioner of agriculture shall furnish the clerical work required by the State geologist. SEC. VI. Be it further enacted, That the salary of the State geologist shall be $2,500 per annum, and the two assistants shall each receive a salary of $1.250 per annum, to be paid as now provided by law for the payment of other state house officers. SEC. VII. Be it further enacted, That the State geologist, with the consent of the board of advisement, may employ a specialist, or specialists, at any time. SEC. VIII. Be it further enacted, That neither the State geologist nor his assistants shall disclose to any person, except to the owner of the land, the result of a survey, until the same is made public by publication of the report by the advisory board, which shall be monthly or quarterly. SEC. IX. Be it further enacted, That the State geologist and his assistants shall deposit, in the office of the governor, all maps, surveys, notes, or memorandum of surveys, when the surveys are completed, which are hereby declared to be the property of the State. SEC. X. Be it further enacted, That the sum of $8,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is, hereby appropriated, annually, for the 136075-206 period of five years, to carry out the purposes of this act, and this appropriation shall take effect annually, commencing on July 1, 1890. SEC. XI. Be it further enacted, That all laws in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. Approved, November 12, 1889. Administration.-Under this law J. W. Spencer was appointed State geologist, entering upon his duties July 1, 1890. C. C. Anderson, a civil engineer, was put in charge of the hydrographic work of the survey and E. T. Whatley appointed assistant geologist, the assistants being appointed, according to the text of the law, by the governing board. The salary of the State geologist was fixed at $2,500 a year and that of his assistants at $1,250 a year. Doctor Spencer remained in office until 1893, when he was succeeded by W. S. Yeates, under whom the following have from time to time served as assistants: F. P. King, S. W. McCallie, George E. Ladd, Thos. L. Watson, as geologists; R. L. Packard and Walter L. Mitchell, chemists, the salary remaining as under Doctor Spencer. Publications.-During Doctor Spencer's administration two reports were published, one termed Administrative, but devoted quite largely to the geology of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of the southwestern part of the State; and the other issued under date of July 1, 1891, entitled The Paleozoic Group, comprising some 400 pages and including the geology of 10 counties of the northwestern portion of the State and their economical resources. Museum.-A very satisfactory exhibit of the mineral and economic products of the State has been built up and is now on display at the statehouse. Expenses. The expense of the survey, aside from cost of publication, would appear to have been fully met by the appropriation authorized in the bill of November 12, 1889-$8,000 a year for the ensuing seven years (1889-1896), and $10,000 a year since that date. The average cost of publication of the bulletins is given as $3 a page with 22 cents additional a volume for cloth bindings. At present the cost of publication is met by an annual appropriation of $2,500. ILLINOIS. FIRST GEOLOGICAL SURVEY UNDER J. G. NORWOOD, 1851-1858, AND A. H. WORTHEN, 1858-1880. The first geological survey of Illinois was organized under an act of the general assembly approved February 17, 1851. The following is the text of the act: 1 Mr. Yeates died on February 19, 1908, and was succeeded by S. W. McCallie, who still holds the office. (See Bull. 465, U. S. Geol. Surv., 1911.) |