SEC. 7. And be it enacted, That the sum of $10,000 annually, or so much thereof as may be necessary, be, and the same is hereby, appropriated out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this act.

SEC. S. And be it further enacted, That this act shall take effect upon the date of its passage.

Above bill passed the house April 1; by the senate April 4; signed by the governor April 9, 1898.

The organization was still in existence at the time this Bulletin went to press.

MASSACHUSETTS.

SURVEYS UNDER EDWARD HITCHCOCK, 1831-1841. Organization.-To Massachusetts belongs the credit of having inaugurated and carried to successful completion under State auspices, the first geological and natural history survey on the Western Continent. The causes which led up to this are not at present easily ascertainable, but in Governor Lincoln's message to the legislature, May 29, 1830, occurs the following paragraph:

I beg leave to suggest to your consideration the utility of connecting with the geographical surveys, an examination of the geological features of the State, with a view to the exhibition of them on the map. Much knowledge of the natural history of the country would thus be gained, and especially the presence of valuable ores, with the localities and extent of quarries, and of coal and lime formations, objects of inquiry so essential to internal improvements, and the advancement of domestic prosperity, would be discovered, and the possession and advantages of them given to the public. I am assured that much has already been gratuitously done, by some eminent professors in our colleges, towards the accomplishment of such a work, and that, at a little expense, it might be completed, and the fruits of their generous labors thus far, be secured to the State. This, however, will require the interposition of your authority in increasing the present appropriaton, and permitting an application of it, so far as may be necessary, in the exercise of a sound discretion, to the end proposed.

In accordance with this suggestion there was passed the following resolve:

Resolve authorizing further appropriations for a survey of the Commonwealth. 1830.

June 5,

Resolved, That his excellency the governor, by and with the advice of the council, be, and he is hereby, authorized to appoint some suitable person to make a geological examination of the Commonwealth, in connection with the general survey,' in order that the same may be inserted on the map which may be published, and he is authorized to apply such portion of the sum herewith appropriated, not exceeding $1.000, as may be necessary for the accomplishment of this object.

Additional acts relating to the conduct of the survey and the publication of its reports were subsequently passed, as follows:

1A general trigonometric survey authorized by resolve of Mar. 3. 1830.

Resolve in relation to the geological survey of the Commonwealth. February 2, 1831. Resolved, That his excellency the governor, by and with the advice and consent of council, be, and he is hereby, authorized to direct the person who is appointed to make a geographical survey of the Commonwealth, to cause to be annexed to his report on that subject a list of the native mineralogical, botanical, and zoological productions of the Commonwealth, so far as it may be prac ticable to ascertain the same, within the limits of the appropriation already made for this survey.

Resolved, That his excellency the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the council, be, and he is hereby, authorized to cause the said geological report, provided the same should be made before the general survey of the Commonwealth shall be completed, to be published in such way and manner as he with the advice of the council may deem proper and expedient; and he is authorized to draw his warrant upon the treasurer of the Commonwealth for such sum or sums, not exceeding $100, as may be necessary to carry this re solve into full effect.

Resolve making further appropriations for a survey and geological examination of the Commonwealth. June 22, 1831.

Resolved, That his excellency the governor, with the advice of the council, be, and he is hereby, authorized to draw his warrant, from time to time, upon the treasurer of the Commonwealth, for any sum or sums, not exceeding $3,000, in addition to the sums heretofore appropriated, which may be necessary to carry more fully into effect the resolves authorizing the appointment of a surveyor to make a general survey of the Commonwealth, passed on the 3d day of March, A. D. 1830,' and the resolves in addition thereto, and further authorizing the appointment of a suitable person to make a geological examination of the Commonwealth, passed on the 5th day of June, A. D. 1830.

Resolve for the distribution of the first part of the Report on the Geological Survey of the Commonwealth, March 24, 1832.

Resolved, That the 600 copies of the first part of the Report of the Geological Survey of the Commonwealth, provided in pursuance of an arrangement made by his excellency the governor, with advice of council, for the use of the government, be delivered to the secretary of the Commonwealth, and by him be distributed as follows, viz: Four copies to the governor; two copies to the lieutenant governor; one copy to each member of the council; one copy to each member of the senate and house of representatives; five copies to be deposited in the library of the State; and that the remaining copies be distributed as his excellency the governor may direct.

Resolve for the publication and distribution of the Report on the Geological Survey of the Commonwealth. March 2, 1833.

Resolved, That his excellency the governor be, and hereby is, authorized to cause 1.200 copies of the report on the geological survey of the Commonwealth, including that part of the report already made, as well as the part hereafter to be made, with the drawings which shall accompany said report, to be published in such way and manner as he shall deem proper and expedient; and he is au

This resolution authorized a general survey of the Commonwealth for the purpose of preparing an accurate skeleton plan of the State which shall exhibit the external lines thereof and the most prominent objects within those lines and their locations." Geology was not mentioned.

thorized, with the advice and consent of council, to draw his warrant upon the treasurer of the Commonwealth for such sum or sums as may be necessary to earry this resolve into full effect.

Resolved, That the said 1,200 copies, when published, be delivered to the secretary of the Commonwealth, to be distributed in the following manner, viz: Twelve copies to the governor; six copies to the lieutenant governor; one copy to each member of the council, senate, and house of representatives; one copy each to the secretary, treasurer, and to each of the clerks and chaplains of the two houses; one copy to each town in the Commonwealth; five copies to be deposited in the library of the State; two copies each to Harvard, Amherst, and Williams Colleges; one copy each to the Theological Seminaries at Andover and Newton; one copy to each incorporated academy in the Commonwealth; one copy each to the Boston and Salem athenaeums; one copy to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; one copy to the Antiquarian Society at Worcester; one copy to the Massachusetts Historical Society; one copy to the Boston Society of Natural History; twenty copies to the geological surveyor, and one copy to each person who shall have aided him in preparing the catalogues appended to the report; two copies to the Library of the United States; one copy to the executive of each State in the Union; and the remaining copies to be disposed of in such manner as his excellency the governor shall direct. Resolve making a further appropriation for the survey of the Commonwealth. March 25, 1833.

Resolved, That his excellency the governor, with the advice and consent of the council, be, and he is hereby, authorized to draw his warrant from time to time upon the treasurer of the Commonwealth, not exceeding $S,200, in addition to the sums heretofore appropriated, which may be necessary to carry more fully into effect the resolve authorizing a general survey of the Commonwealth, passed on the 3d day of March, A. D. 1830, and the resolves in addition thereto; and he is further authorized to apply such portion of the above-named sum, not exceeding $300, as may be necessary for completing the geological examination of the Commonwealth provided for by a resolve passed on the 5th day of June, A. D. 1830.

On the 19th of February, 1834, the following resolution was adopted by the legislature:

Resolved, that his excellency the governor, with the advice of the council, be authorized to cause to be printed, under the superintendence of the geological surveyor, a new edition of Professor Hitchcock's Report on the Geology of this Commonwealth, and the atlas accompanying it, with such alterations and additions as may be proposed by the professor and approved by the executive; and that a warrant be drawn on the treasury for such sum as may be necessary to defray the expenses thereof: Provided, That the whole expenditure shall not exceed the sum of $2.60 for each copy.

Resolved, That the said 500 copies, when published, shall be delivered to the secretary of the Commonwealth, and be distributed in the following manner, viz: Twelve copies to the governor; 10 copies to the surveyor; one copy to each of the chaplains of the senate and house of representatives; one copy to each Incorporated lyceum and athenaeum in this Commonwealth; two copies each to the Berkshire Medical Institution and the Massachusetts Medical College; one copy to each member of the council, senate, and house of representatives,