regions of Piscataquis County, making similar investigations; thence to the Penobscot River and up the east branch thereof to its head waters; thence across to the Alleguash River or other tributary of the St. John, and down said river to Fort Kent; thus visiting a section hitherto unknown to scientific exploration. The reports of the survey submitted to the governor-under the title Preliminary Report upon the Natural History and Geology of the State of Maine, were published in the reports of the secretary of the board of agriculture for 1861 and 1862, comprising 356 and 447 pages, respectively. As might be expected from the organization of the survey, these embraced a general report on the natural history, agriculture, and geology of the State, and a special report upon the physical geography, agricultural capabilities, geology, botany, and zoology of the wild lands. Geological maps of the northern and eastern portions of the State, in black and white, accompanied these reports. A large map (colored) was also deposited by Professor Hitchcock in the statehouse at Augusta. This map furnished the data afterwards utilized by Walter Wells in his report on the hydrography of the State.

Collections and library.-The intention of the various acts establishing both surveys was, as is apparent, to form collections which should be sent to the various institutions of learning. This intention was only partly carried out, however, and, so far as can be learned, those collections which were made by the Jackson survey have been largely ruined, with the exception of the one in Colby College and the smaller one in Bowdoin College, as already noted. The collections made by the several members of the Holmes-Hitchcock survey were deposited in the rooms of the Portland Society of Natural History, and from these suites of specimens were to be selected for presentation to the various colleges and other institutions of learning within the State, but this was never done; and unfortunately, the collections were lost in the fire that destroyed the society's buildings in 1866. A few of the fossils which had been withdrawn for study are now in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. No library was formed in connection with this survey.

Expenses. The expenses of the survey, other than those of publication, appear to have been met in full by the appropriations mentioned-$3,000 a year for two years.

Publications. The following list includes all the publications of the various surveys:

First Report on the Geology of the Public Lands, belonging jointly to the States of Massachusetts and Maine. By C. T. Jackson. Sen. Doc. No. 89. Bos ton, March 25, 1837. 47 pp.

Second Annual Report on the Geology of the Public Lands, belonging to the two States of Massachusetts and Maine. By C. T. Jackson. Boston, 1838. House Doc. No. 70. 92 pp.

First Report on the Geology of the State of Maine. By C. T. Jackson. Augusta, 1837. 127 pp.

Second Report on the Geology of the State of Maine. C. T. Jackson, Augusta,

1838. 168 pp.

Third Annual Report on the Geology of the State of Maine. C. T. Jackson. Augusta, 1839. 275 pp.

Preliminary Report upon the Natural History and Geology of the State of Maine. 1861. E. Holmes and Chas. H. Hitchcock. 458 pp.

Second Annual Report upon the Natural History and Geology of the State of Maine. 1862. E. Holmes and C. H. Hitchcock. 447 pp.

MARYLAND.'

FIRST GEOLOGICAL SURVEY UNDER J. T. DUCATEL, 1833-1842.

Organization. The inception of the first geological survey of Maryland dates from 1833, when resolutions relative to a State map and geological survey were passed by the general assembly upon the 6th and 16th of March. Several earlier attempts looking toward the same results had been made, but were all defeated.

The particular resolutions referred to above seem to have been the outgrowth of an agitation by Messrs. William Patterson, Robert Gilmore, and the Maryland Academy of Sciences and Literature. A series of resolutions and a memorial bearing upon the subject were drawn up by the gentlemen mentioned and transmitted to the senate, and by that body referred to the house of delegates, in the following terms:

Gentlemen of the House of Delegates:

JANUARY 19, 1833.

We beg leave to refer to your consideration the accompanying memorial of William Patterson and others, as a survey of the State has been made at the present session an object of inquiry in your honorable body. The memorial now transmitted being designed to lead to a development of the mineral resources of the State, and to a collection of information of great interest to the general good and to individual enterprise. We respectfully submit it for the special attention of your honorable body.

By order,

(Signed)

J. H. NICHOLSON, Clerk.

In pursuance of the same object, a memorial of the Maryland Academy of Science and Literature was also brought before the house of delegates, on Tuesday, March 5, 1833, by Mr. Louis W. Jenkins: "Recommending that a geological survey of the State may be made under public authority." This was made the subject of a special order" for March 16, and at that session the report of the senate relative thereto was read twice, concurred in, and the "resolution therein contained was assented to and sent to the senate."

Mainly from manuscripts by P. R. Uhler.

A few days later, on March 18, 1833, "the resolution relative to a geological survey, severally endorsed, assented to," was passed and became a law. The following is the text of these resolutions:

Resolution relative to the State map.

Resolved by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the governor and council be, and they are hereby, authorized to appoint a competent engineer, whose duty it shall be to examine and collect all the information, plats, and reports of surveys, for canals or railroads, or other public works, which have been made by or under the authority of this State, or any company incorporated by the State, or under the authority of the corporation of Baltimore; and the said engineer shall make and report to the governor and council, before the next session of the general assembly, a plan and drawing for a complete map of Maryland, and such portions of adjacent States as may be necessary to show the position of Maryland, in reference to the great valleys and streams in her immediate vicinity, the practicable routes for plans of internal improvement; and the said engineer shall make further examinations and surveys as shall be requisite, for the purpose of exhibiting the prominent geographical and typographical features of the country; and also to collect such statistical information as will be useful, and is generally exhibited on modern improved maps; and the governor and council shall allow such reasonable compensation for the services to be rendered under this resolution as in their judgment may be just and reasonable.

Resolution relative to a geological survey.

Resolved by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the governor and council be, and they are hereby, authorized to appoint an assistant to the engineer to be appointed on the subject of a State map, whose duty it shall be to act in conjunction with said engineer, and the said assistant shall make the necessary geological researches, and report to the governor and council, before the next session of the general assembly, upon the expediency and probable cost of the geological survey of the State; and the governor and council shall allow such compensation for the services to be rendered under this resolution, as in their judgment they may deem just and proper.

The following year the foregoing resolution was expanded and reenacted in a form which was intended to cover all that was most important in relation to the map and survey, as well as the kind of officers to be employed, and the way in which their duties were to be performed. The following is a copy of the act and its instructions as passed by the legislative session of 1834:

An act to provide for making a new and complete map and a geological survey of this State. Passed February 25, 1834.

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That the governor and council be and they are hereby authorized and required annually hereafter to appoint and commission a person of talents, integrity, and suitable scientific attainments as topographical engineer for the State of Marylaud, and also to appoint and commission in like manner a competent and suitable person as geologist for the State of Maryland, and the said officers shall each receive,