Survey, and as volume 6, Contribution from United States National Herbarium, by the United States Department of Agriculture. The proposed companion volume to this flora which was to have been devoted to the Economic Relations of the Alabama Flora, because of the untimely death of Doctor Mohr, was never completed.

The activities of the Alabama geological survey in the examination of water powers, underground water resources, cement materials, etc., extending over many years, did not find expression in the published reports until after the year 1900.

Expenses. The appropriations for the survey expenses under Doctor Smith's administration have been as follows:

Not including cost of publication and incidental expenses, which, up to 1900, amounted to about $28,000.

Present condition of the survey.-The annual appropriation of $7,500 for the general expenses of the survey continues. The printing and illustrations of the geological reports are paid for out of the general fund of the State on the order of the governor and upon the recommendation of a committee consisting of the governor, the secretary of state, and State geologist. This committee decides as to the number of copies, the style of printing and binding, and the illustrations of the geological reports as they are announced to be ready for publication by the State geologist. By the Code of 1907 the compensation of the State geologist also is paid out of the general fund of the State, and not out of the survey appropriation as heretofore.

ADDENDA, 1910.

Very recently a handsome building (Smith Hall) has been erected at the university for purposes of the geological museum, offices of the geological survey, and the departments of geology and biology of the university. The main exhibition hall, about 100 feet by 60 feet, with gallery 13 feet wide and with skylight about 30 feet by 70 feet, provides for the exhibition and storage of the geological and natural history collections of the survey.

The existing laws relating to the geological survey are given in Bulletin No. 465, United States Geological Survey.

ARKANSAS.'

2

FIRST GEOLOGICAL SURVEY UNDER DAVID D. OWEN, 1856-1859.

Organization. The subject of a State geological survey of Arkansas was, according to Professor Branner, first brought to public attention by Governor Elias N. Conway in his message to the legislature of 1856. Upon his recommendation the matter was taken into consideration and an act passed on January 4, 1857, of which the following is a transcript:

An act to provide for a geological survey of the State of Arkansas.

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas, That the governor be authorized and empowered to appoint a State geologist, to continue in office until the close of the next general assembly.

SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That it shall be the duty of the State geologist to make reconnoissance of the State, noting the mining and mineral lands, their geographical position, extent, character, and geographical distribution; to examine and collect specimens of the ores of lead, iron, and other metals, of the marbles, granite, limestones, slates, and all other rocks of economic value, as well as the saline and mineral waters of the State; and to make a report of the result of his investigations, suitably illustrated, to the next regular session of the legislature.

SEC. 3. Be it further enacted, That a suitable room in the statehouse shall be set apart by the secretary of state, for the use of the State geologist, and the necessary cases and other furniture be furnished, sufficient to deposit specimens of all his collections on minerals and fossils, illustrating the different geological formations of this State.

SEC. 4. Be it further enacted, That the State geologist shall receive a salary at the rate of $1,800 per annum, payable quarterly by the State treasurer, and he shall be authorized, under the direction of the governor, to employ the necessary assistance and provide the necessary outfit, and the expenditures of such assistance and outfit, as well as traveling expenses and transportation, shall likewise be paid to him by the State treasurer, from time to time, as such expenses are incurred, upon a certified account of such disbursement, to be filed by said geologist, which shall be done under oath, accompanied by a statement of his accounts, with the original vouchers as near as can be obtained, and an account of items, to be filed with the auditor of the State.

SEC. 5. Be it further enacted, That the sum of $4,800 per annum be appropriated, out of any money in the State treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the payment of the salary of the geologist and all other expenses incurred.

SEC. 6. Be it further enacted, This law shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage.

Approved, January 15, 1857.

Under the provisions of this act Dr. David Dale Owen, then State geologist of Kentucky, was appointed State geologist, entering upon his duties October 1, 1857.

1 See also Geological Survey of Arkansas, by J. C. Branner, Journal of Geology, vol. 2, 1894, p. 826.

* Compiled in part from manuscripts by Richard Owen.

The results of the work accomplished during this and the following year are given in Owen's First Report of a Geological Reconnaissance of the Northern Counties of Arkansas, an octavo volume of 256 pages, bearing the date of 1858.

In his message to the legislature of 1858-59 Governor Conway recommended a more generous support of the survey-a recommendation which, in spite of some vigorous opposition, found expression in the following act, approved February 21, 1859:

An act to provide for the further prosecution of the geological, mineralogical, and chemical survey of the State of Arkansas, in connection with an agricultural and botanical survey of said State.

SECTION 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Arkansas, That the State geologist shall, in the further prosecution of the geological survey of the State, connect therewith an agricultural and botanical survey of said State, according to the plan hereinafter provided for by this act.

SEC. 2. Be it further enacted, That so soon as the geological reconnoissance of the State, now commenced, shall be sufficiently advanced to enable the geologist to decide upon which tracts of land demand a thorough detailed survey, there shall be instituted a minute and detailed survey of said tracts, commencing with those which hold out the best prospect of valuable discoveries, and said geologist shall employ, for the prosecution of the same, such force as the appropriation hereinafter provided for shall justify.

SEC. 3. It shall further be the duty of said geologist and his assistants to make collections of all ores, coals, building materials, hydraulic and other limestones, marls, clays, salts, soils, fossils, and other materials of economical value and scientific interest, to form a State collection.

SEC. 4. It shall further be the duty of said geologist and his assistants to make full and complete examinations, assays, and chemical analyses of all ores, minerals, and other useful materials, in order to determine their economical value, their durability, and their chemical constitution; and to test the mineral and natural waters of the State, and make analyses of those deemed of sufficient interest, especially those thought to be possessed of medical properties, or supposed to contain deleterious principles.

SEC. 5. That it shall further be the duty of said geologist and his assistants to make a collection of the various soils of the State, especially those characteristic of the different geological formations of the State; and shall constitute a minute analyses of such soils, so as to exhibit the composition and properties of the various soils, and ascertain their applicability to particular crops and their comparative fertility.

SEC. 6. That it shall be the duty of said geologist and his assistants to give information to the citizens in the country through which they may pass in regard to the existence of minerals, especially to the owners of land on which valuable minerals may be found.

SEC. 7. Be it further enacted, That the botanical survey shall have special reference to growths peculiar to the various geological formations and the congeniality of these (particularly the useful plants) to the soils derived from the different geological formations.

SEC. 8. That it shall be the duty of the said State geologist to prepare a report on the progress of said survey, on or before October 10, 1860, to be addressed to the governor of the State, and accompany said report with sections,