further than to removal from office, and difqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust or profit under the United States; but the party convicted fhall nevertheless be liable and fubject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. SECTION FOURTH. [4.] 14. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for fenators and reprefentatives, fhall be prefcribed in each ftate by the legislature thereof: but the congrefs may, at any time, by law, make or alter fuch regulations, except as to the places of choofing fenators. The congrefs fhall affemble at least once in every year; and fuch meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they fhall by law appoint a different day. SECTION FIFTH. [5.] 15. Each houfe fhall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members; and a majority of each fhall conftitute a quorum to do business: but a fmaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorised to compel the attendance of abfent members, in such manner and under fuch penalties as each house may provide. 16. Each houfe may determine the rules of its proceedings; punifh its members for diforderly behavior; and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each houfe fhall keep a journal of its proceedings; and, from time to time, publish the fame, excepting fuch parts as may, in their judgment, require fecrecy and the yeas and nays, of the members of either house, on any question, fhall, at the defire of one fifth of those prefent, be entered on the journal. 17. Neither house, during the feffion of congrefs, fhall, without the confent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses fhall be fitting. SECTION SIXTH. [6.] 18. The fenators and representatives fhall receive a compenfation for their fervices, to be afcertained by law, and paid out of the treafury of the United States. They fhall, in all cafes, except treafon, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arreft, during their attendance at the fef fion of their respective houses, and in going to, and returning from the fame : and for any speech or debate in either houfe, they fhall not be queftioned in any other place. 19. No fenator or reprefentative fhall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office, under the authority of the United States, which fhall have been created, or the emoluments of which fhall have been increafed, during fuch time: and no perfon holding any of fice under the United States, fhall be a member of either houfe, during his continuance in office. 1 SECTION SEVENTH. [7.] 20. All bills, for raifing revenue, fhall originate in the houfe of reprefentatives; but the fenate fhall propofe or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 21. Every bill, which fhall have paffed the house of reprefentatives and the fenate, fhall, before it become a law, be prefented to the prefident of the United States. If he ap prove, he fhall fign it: but if not, he fhall return it, with his objections, to that houfe in which it fhall have originated, who fhall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to re-confider it. 22. If, after fuch reconfideration, two thirds of that house fhall agree to pass the bill, it fhall be fent, together with the objections, to the other houfe, by which it shall likewife be re-confidered: and if approved by two thirds of that house it fhall become a law. But in all fuch cases, the votes of both houfes fhall be determined by yeas and nays: and the names of the perfons voting for and against the bill fhall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. 23. If any bill fhall not be returned by the president, within ten days (Sundays excepted) after i fhall have been prefented to him, the fame fhall be a law, in like manner as if he had figned it, unless the congrefs, by their adjournment, prevent its return; in which cafe it fhall not be a faw. 24. Every order, refolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the fenate and house of reprefentatives may be necellary (except on a queftion of adjournment) fhall be prefented to the prefident of the United States; and, before the fame fhall take effect, be approved by him; or, being difapproved by him, fhall be repaffed by two thirds of both houfes, according to the rules and limitations prefcrib ed in the cafe of a bill. SECTION EIGHTH. [8.] 25. The congrefs fhall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, impofts and excises, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States but all duties, imposts and excifes fhall be uniform throughout the Unied States. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the feveral ftates, and with the indian tribes. 26. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States. To coin money; regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin; and fix the standard of weights and measures. To provide for the punishment of counterfting the fecurities and current coin of the United States. To eftablifh poft-offices and poft-roads. 27. To promote the progrefs of science and useful arts, by fecuring, for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclufive right to their respective writings and discoveries. To conftitute tribunals inferior to the fupreme court. Το define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high feas, and offences against the law of nations. 28. To declare war; grant letters of marque and reprifal; and make rules concerning captures on land and water. To raife and fupport armies. But no appropriation of money for that use ihall be for a longer term than two years. To provide and maintain a navy. To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces. To provide for calling forth the militia, to execute the laws of the union, fupprefs infurrections, and repel invafions. 29. To provide for organizing, arming and disciplining the militia, and for governing fuch part of them as may be employed in the fervice of the United States: referving to the states refpectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the difcipline prescribed by congrefs. 30. To exercise exclufive legislation, in all cafes whatever, over fuch diftrict (not exceeding ten miles fquare) as may, by ceffion of particular ftates, and the acceptance of congrefs, become the feat of the government of the United States; and to exercise like authority over all places purchafed by the confent of the legiflature of the ftate in which the fame fhall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arfenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings: 31. And to make all laws, which fhall be neceffary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vefted by this conftitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECTION NINTH. [9.] 32. The migration or importation of fuch perfons, as any of the ftates now exifting, fhall think proper to admit, fhall not be prohibited by the congrefs, prior to the year one. thoufand eight hundred and eight: but a tax or duty may be imposed on fuch importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each perfon. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus fhall not be fufpended, unless when, in cafes of rebellion or invafion, the public fafety may require it. 33. No bill of attainder, or ex poft facto law, shall be paffed. No capitation or other direct tax fhall be laid, unfefs in proportion to the cenfus or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. No tax or duty fhall be laid on artieles exported from any ftate. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one state over thofe of another: nor fhall veffels, bound to or from one state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 34. No money fhall be drawn from the treasury, but in confequence of appropriations made by law: and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money, fhall be publifhed from time to time. No title of nobility fhall be granted by the United States. And no perfon, holding any office of profit or trust under them, fhall, without the confent of congrefs, accept of any prefent, emolument, office or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign ftate. SECTION TENTH. [10.] 35. No ftate fhall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and filver coin a tender in payment of debts; pafs any bill of attainder, ex poft facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. 36. No ftate fhall, without the confent of congrefs, lay any impofts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be abfolutely neceffary for executing its infpection laws; and the net produce of all duties and impofts, laid by any state on imports or exports, fhall be for the ufe of the treafury of the United States; and all fuch laws fhall be subject to the revision and control of the congrefs. 37. No ftate fhall, without the confent of congrefs, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops, or fhips of war, in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in fuch imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE SECOND. [II.] SECTION FIRST. [1.] 38. The executive power fhall be vested in a prefident of the United States of America. He fhall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the viceprefident, chofen for the fame term, be elected as follows : 39. Each state fhall appoint, in fuch manner as the leg. iflature thereof may direct, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of fenators and representatives, to which the state may be entitled in the congrefs. But no fenator, or representative, or person holding any office of trust or profit, under the United States, fhall be appointed an elector. 40. The electors fhall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for two perfons, of whom one at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the fame ftate with themfelves. And they fhall make a list of all the perfons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which lift they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the feat of the govern ment of the United States, directed to the prefident of the fenate. 41. The prefident of the fenate fhall, in the presence of the fenate and house of representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes fhall then be counted. The perfon having the greatest number of votes fhall be the prefident, if |