necessary by the causes which constrained it to land; it being understood, nevertheless, that any landing of passengers, or any loading or unloading caused by operations of repair of the vessel or by the neces sity of providing subsistence for the crew, shall not be regarded as a commercial operation.

ARTICLE XVII.

Wrecks.

In case any ship of war or merchant-vessel shall be wrecked on the coasts or within the maritime jurisdiction of either of the high contracting parties, such ships or vessels, or any parts thereof, and all furniture and appurtenances belonging there to, and all goods and merchandise which shall be saved therefrom, or the produce thereof, if sold, shall be faithfully restored, with the least possible delay, to the proprietors, upon being claimed by them, or by their duly authorized factors; and if there are no such proprietors or factors on the spot, then the said goods and merchandise, or the proceeds thereof, as well as all the papers found on board such wrecked ships or vessels, shall be delivered to the American or Sicilian Consul, or ViceConsul, in whose district the wreck may have taken place, and such Consul, Vice-Consul, proprietors, or factors, shall pay only the expenses incurred in the preservation of the property, together with the rate of salvage and expenses of quarantine, which would have been payable in the like case of a wreck of a national vessel; and the goods and merchandise saved from the wreck shall not be subject to duties, unless cleared for consumption; it being understood that in case of any legal claim upon such wreck, goods, or merchandise, the same shall be referred for decision to the competent tribunals of the country.

ARTICLE XVIII.

Consuls, &c.

Each of the high contracting parties grants to the other, subject to the usual exequatur, the liberty of having, in the ports of the other where foreign commerce is usually permitted, Consuls, Vice-consuls, and Commercial Agents of their own appointment, who shall enjoy the same privileges and powers as those of the most favored nations; but if any such Consul, Vice Consul, or Commercial Agent shall exercise commerce, he shall be subjected to the same laws and usages to which private individuals of the nation are subjected in the same place.. And whenever either of the two contracting parties shall select for a Consular Agent a citizen or subject of this last, such Consular Agent shall continue to be regarded, notwithstanding his quality of foreign Consul, as a citizen or a subject of the nation to which he belongs, and consequently shall be submitted to the laws and regulations to which natives are subjected. This obligation, however, shall not be so construed so as to embarrass his consular functions, nor to affect the inviolability of the consular archives.

ARTICLE XIX.

The said Consuls, Vice-consuls, and Commercial Agents shall have the right as such to judge, in quality of arbitrators, such differences as may arise between the masters and crews of the vessels belonging to the nation whose interests are committed to their charge, without the interference of the local authorities, unless the conduct of the crew, or of the captain, should disturb the public peace or order of the country. or such Consul, Vice-Consul, or Commercial Agent should require their

assistance to cause his decisions to be carried into effect or supported. Nevertheless, it is understood that this species of judgment or arbitration shall not deprive the contending parties of the right they have to resort, on their return home, to the judicial authorities of their own country.

Deserters.

ARTICLE XX.

The said Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Commercial Agents may cause to be arrested and sent back, either on board or to their own country, sailors and all other persons who, making a regu lar part of the crews of vessels of the respective nations, and having embarked under some other name than that of passengers, shall have deserted from the said vessels. For this purpose they shall apply to the competent local authorities, proving, by the register of the vessel. the roll of the crew, or, if the vessel shall have departed, with a copy of the said papers, duly certified by them, that the persons they claim formed part of the crew; and on such a reclamation, thus substantiated. the surrender of the deserter shall not be denied. Every assistance shall also be given to them for the recovery and arrest of such deserters; and the same shall be detained and kept in the prisons of the country, at the request and cost of the Consuls, until the said Consuls shall have found an opportunity to send them away. It being understood, however, that if such an opportunity shall not occur in the space of four months from the date of their arrest, the said deserters shall be set at liberty, and shall not be again arrested for the same cause. Nevertheless, if the deserter shall be found to have committed any other crime or offence on shore, his surrender may be delayed by the local authorities until the tribunal before which his case shall be pending shall have pronounced its sentence, and until such sentence shall have been carried into effect.

Extradition of

criminals.

ARTICLE XXI.

It is agreed that every person who, being charged with or condemned for any of the crimes enumerated in the following article, committed within the States of one of the high contracting parties, shall seek asylum in the States, or on board the vessels of war of the other party, shall be arrested and consigned to justice on demand made, through the proper diplomatic channel, by the Government within whose territory the offence shall have been committed.

This surrender and delivery shall not, however, be obligatory on either of the high contracting parties until the other shall have presented a copy of the judicial declaration or sentence establishing the culpability of the fugitive, in case such sentence or declaration shall have been pronounced. But if such sentence or declaration shall not have been pronounced, then the surrender may be demanded, and shall be made, when the demanding Government shall have furnished such proof as would have been sufficient to justify the apprehension, and commitment for trial, of the accused, if the offence had been committed in the country where he shall have taken refuge.

ARTICLE XXII.

Persons shall be delivered up, according to the provisions of this treaty, who shall be charged with any of the following crimes, to wit:

Same subject.

Murder, (including assassination, parricide, infanticide, and poison

ing;) attempt to commit murder; rape; piracy; arson; the making and uttering of false money, forgery, including forgery of evidences of public debt, bank-bills, and bills of exchange; robbery with violence; intimidation or forcible entry of an inhabited house; embezzlement by public officers, including appropriation of public funds; when these crimes are subject, by the code of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies to the punishment della reclusione, or other severer punishment, and by the laws of the United States to infamous punishment.

ARTICLE XXIII.

The surrender to

On the part of each country, the surrender of fugitives from justice shall be made only by the authority of the Executive thereof. And all expenses whatever of detention and delivery, be made by the Exeffected in virtue of the preceding articles, shall be at the cost of the party making the demand.

ARTICLE XXIV.

ecutive.

Expenses.

to previous or politi

The citizens and subjects of each of the high contracting parties shall remain exempt from the stipulations of the preceding Extradition not to articles, so far as they relate to the surrender of fugitive apply to citizens, nor criminals; nor shall they apply to offences committed before cal offences. the date of the present treaty, nor to offences of a political character, unless the political offender shall also have been guilty of some one of the crimes enumerated in Article XXII.

ARTICLE XXV.

When this treaty

The present treaty shall take effect from the day in which ratifications shall be exchanged, and shall remain in force for the term of ten years, and further, until the end of twelve months shall take effect. after either of the high contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the said contracting parties reserving to itself the right to give such notice at the end of said term of ten years, or at any subsequent time.

ARTICLE XXVI.

Its duration.

Ratifications.

The present treaty shall be approved and ratified by the President of the United States of America, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by His Majesty the King of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies; and the ratifications shall be exchanged at Naples within twelve months from the date of its signature, or sooner if possible.

In faith whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the foregoing articles in the English and Italian languages, and have hereunto affixed the seals of their arms.

Done in duplicate, at the city of Naples, this first day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred fifty-five.

ROBERT DALE OWEN.
LUIGI CARAFA.

[L. S.]

L. S.

DECLARATIONS.

Duties on wines and cottona.

It having been stipulated in Article XI of the treaty of the first December, 1845, that the red and white wines, of every kind, of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, including those of Marsala, which may be imported directly into the United States of America, whether in vessels of the one or of the other country, shall not pay other or higher duties than the red and white wines of the most favored nations; and, in like manner, that the cottons of the United States of America which may be imported directly into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, whether in vessels of the one or of the other nation, shall not pay other or higher duties than the cottons of Egypt, Bengal, or the most favored nations:

And it being agreed in the new treaty concluded between the United States of America and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and to-day signed by the undersigned, not only that no duties of customs shall be paid on merchandise the produce of one of the two countries imported into the other country, other or higher than shall be paid on merchandise of the same kind the produce of any other country, but also that, as to all duties of navigation or of customs, there shall not be made, as to the vessels of the two countries, any distinction whatever between direct and indirect navigation:

The undersigned declare, as to the construction of the new treaty, from the day on which the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged, that the red and white wines, of every kind, of the Kingdon of the Two Sicilies, including the wine of Marsala, which shall be imported into the United States of America, shall not pay other or higher duties than are paid by the red and white wines of the most favored nations.

And, in like manner, that the cottons of the United States which shall be imported into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies shall not pay other or higher duties than the cottons of Egypt, Bengal, or the most favored nations.

The present declaration shall be considered as an integral part of the said new treaty, and shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof exchanged, at the same time as those of the treaty itself.

In faith whereof, the undersignd have hereunto set their bands and affixed the seal of their arms.

Done in duplicate, in the city of Naples, this first day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.

VENEZUELA.

VENEZUELA, 1836.

TREATY OF PEACE, FRIENDSHIP, NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE, BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA. CONCLUDED JANUARY 20, 1836; RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED MAY 31, 1836; PROCLAIMED JUNE 20, 1836.

[This treaty was terminated January 3, 1851, pursuant to notice from Venezuela, under Article 34.]

The United States of America and the Republic of Venezuela, desiring to make lasting and firm the friendship and good understanding which happily prevails between both nations, have resolved to fix, in a manner clear, distinct, and positive, the rules which shall, in future, be religiously observed between the one and the other, by means of a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation. For this most desirable object, the President of the United States of America has conferred full powers on John G. A. Williamson, a citizen of the said States, and their Chargé d'Affaires to the said Republic, and the President of the Republic of Venezuela on Santos Michelena, a citizen of the said Republic; who, after having exchanged their said full powers, in due and proper form, have agreed to the following articles:

ARTICLE I.

Negotiators

Peace and friendship.

There shall be a perfect,[firm, and inviolable peace and sincere friendship between the United States of America and the Republic of Venezuela, in all the extent of their possessions and territories, and between their people and citizens, respectively, without distinction of persons or places.

ARTICLE II.

Favors of commerce.

The United States of America and the Republic of Venezuela, desiring to live in peace and harmony with all the other nations of the earth, by means of a policy frank and equally friendly with all, engage, mutually, not to grant any particular favor to other nations, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other party, who shall enjoy the same freely, if the concession was freely made, or on allowing the same compensation, if the concession was conditional.

ARTICLE III.

Mutual benefits in

The two high contracting parties being likewise desirous of placing the commerce and navigation of their respective countries on the liberal basis of perfect equallity and reciprocity, mutually agree that the citizens of each may frequent all the coasts and countries of the other, and reside and trade there in all kinds of produce,