Expedition of Lewis and Clarke. Q. Great and Little Osage, Kanzas, Loups, Ottoes, Missouris, and all the Sioux, except the Yankton Ahnâ. R. With the Panias proper, Panias Republicans, Yanktons Ahna, Saukees, Renars, and Ayouwais. S. They have no idea of exclusive possession of soil. About ten years since, they boasted 700 warriors. They have lived in a village, on the west bank of the Missouri, 236 miles above the mouth of the river Platte, where they cultivated corn, beans, and melons: they were warlike, and the terror of their neighbors. In the summer and autumn of 1802, they were visited by the smallpox, which reduced their numbers to something less than 300; they burnt their village, and have become a wandering nation, deserted by the traders, and the consequent deficiency of arms and ammunition, has invited frequent aggressions from their neighbors, which have tended to reduce them still further. They rove principally on the waters of the river Quicurre, or Rapid river. The country is generally level, high, and open it is fertile, and tolerably well watered. They might easily be induced to become stationary: they are well disposed towards the whites, and are good hunters: their country abounds in beaver and otter, and their trade will increase and become valuable, provided they become stationary, and are at peace. The Tetons Bois brûle killed and took about 60 of them last summer. E. Three. G. 500. I. On the south west side of the Missouri, 1,440 miles from its mouth. J. Merchants of St. Louis. N. Buffalo robes principally, a small quantity of beaver, small foxes and grease. O. Buffalo robes, tallow and grease, skins of beaver, small and large foxes, wolves, antelopes and elk in great abundance: also otter, deer and grizzly bears. P. About the mouth of the river Chyenne, on the Missouri, or at the mouth of the Yellow Stone River. Q. With the Crow Indians, Snake Indians, Panias Loups, Assinniboins, Nemosen, Alitan, la Plays, and Paunch Indians. R. Chyennes, Wetepahatoes, Kiawas, Kanenavich, Staetan, Cattako, Dotame, Castahanas, Mandans, Ah-wah-haways, Minetares, and partially with the Sioux. S. Are remains of ten large tribes of Panias, who have been reduced, by the small-pox and the Sioux, to their present number. They live in fortified villages, and hunt immediately in their neigborhood. The country around them, in every direction, for several hundred miles, is entirely bare of timber, except on the water courses and steep declivities of hills, where it is sheltered from the ravages of fire. The land is tolerably well watered, and lies well for cultivation. The remains of the villages of these people are to be seen on many parts of the Missouri, from the mouth of Tetone river to the Mandans. They claim no land except that on which their villages stand, and the field which they cultivate. The Tetons claim the country around them. Though they are the oldest inhabitants, they may pro perly be considered the farmers or tenants at will of that lawless, savage, and rapacious race the Sioux Teton, who rob them of their horses, plunder their gardens and fields, and sometimes murder them without opposition. If these people were freed from the oppression of the Tetons, their trade would increase rapidly, and might be extended to a considerable amount. They maintain a partial trade with their oppressors, the Tetons, to whom they barter horses, mules, corn, beans, and a species of tobacco, which they cultivate; and receive in return, guns, ammunition, kettles, axes, and other articles which the Tetons obtained from the Yanktons of the N. and Sissatones, who trade with Mr. Cammeron, on the river St. Peters. These horses and mules the Ricaras obtain from their western neighbors, who visit them frequently for the purpose of trafficking. Expedition of Lewis and Clarke. D. *, some words resembling the Osage. E. Two. F. G. 250. H. 1,250. I. On both sides of Missouri, 1612 miles from its mouth. J. The Hudson Bay and Northwest companies, from their establishment on the Assinniboin. K. At their villages. L. 2,00. M. 6,000. N. Principally the skins of the large and small wolves, and the small fox, with Buffalo robes, some skins of the large fox and beaver, also corn and beans. O. The same as the Ricars (see page 1048 O.) except the grizzly bear. They could furnish, in addition, the skins of a large species of white hare, a very delicate fur. P. At or near the mouth of the Yellow Stone river. Q. With no nation except a defensive war with the Sioux. R. With all nations who do not wage war against them. L. 3000. M. 1,000. N. See page 1049, N. Q. Defensive war with the Sioux, and offensive with Snake Indians and Flatheads. R. With all who do not wage war against them, except the Snake Indians and Flatheads. S. They differ but very little, in any particular, from the Mandans, their neighbors, except in the unjust war which they, as well as the Minetares, prosecute against the defenceless Snake Indians, from which I believe, it will be difficult to induce them to desist. They claim to have once been a part of the Crow Indians, whom they still acknowledge as relations. They have resided on the Missouri as long as their tradition will enable them to inform. F. G. 6,000. I. On both sides of Knife river, near the Misfive miles above the Mandans. J. See page 1049, J. K. At their villages and hunting camps. M. 3,000. N. See page 1049, N. O. The same as the Mandans (see p. 1049, O.) with the addition of the white bear. P. See p. 1049, P. S. These are the most friendly, well disposed Indians inhabiting the Missouri. They are brave, humane, and hospitable. About 25 years since they lived in six villages, about forty miles below their present villages, on both sides of the Missouri, souri. Repeated visitations of the small-pox, aided by frequent attacks of the Sioux, has reduced them to their present number. They claim no particular tract of country. They live in fortified villages, hunt immediately in their neighborhood, and cultivate corn, beans, squashes, and tobacco, which form articles of traffic with their neighbors the Assinniboin: they also barter horses with the Assinniboins for arms, ammunition, axes, kettles, and other articles of European manufacture, which these last obtain from the British establishments on the Assinniboin river. The articles which they thus obtain from the Assinniboins and the British traders who visit them, they again exchange for horses and leather tents with the Crow Indians, Chyennes, Wetepahatoes, Kiawas, Kanenavich, Stactan and Cataka, who visit them occasionally for the purpose of traffic. Their trade may be much increased. Their country is similar to that of the Ricaras. Population increasing. A. Ahwâhâway. D. Menetarres. E. One. F. G. 50. H. 200. Q. Defensive war with the Sioux, and offensive with the Snake Indians and Flatheads. R. With all, except the Snake Indians and Flatheads, who do not wage war against them. S. They claim no particular country, nor do they assign themselves any limits; their tradition relates that they have always resided at their present villages. In their customs, manners, and dispositions, they are similar to the Mandans and Ahwahhaways. The scarcity of fuel induces them to reside, during the cold season, in large bands, in camps, on different parts of the Missouri, as high up that river as the mouth of the river Yellow Stone, and west of their villages, about the Turtle mountain. I believe that these people, as well as the Mandans and Ahwahhaways, might be prevailed on to remove to the mouth of Yellow Stone river, provided an establishment is made at that place. They have as yet furnished scarcely any beaver, although the country they hunt abounds with them; the lodges of these animals are to be seen within a mile of their villages. I. On the southwest side of the Missouri, three These people have also suffered considerably by miles above the Mandans. J. See page 1049, J. K. At the Mandan and Menetare villages. the small-pox; but have successfully resisted the attacks of the Sioux. The Northwest Company intend to form an establishment in the course of Expedition of Lewis and Clarke. the next summer and autumn, on the Missouri, near these people, which, if effected, will most probably prevent their removal to any point which our Government may hereafter wish them to reside at. A. Ayauwais. B. Ah'-e-o-war'. C. Ne Percé. D. Missouri. E. One. F. G. 200. H. 800. I. Forty leagues up the river Demoin on the southeast side. J. Mr. Crawford, and other merchants from Michilimackinac. K. At their village and hunting camps. M. 6,000. O. See p. 1051. O. P. At Prairie de Chien, (or dog plain.) Q. With the Osage, Chippeways generally, and Sioux, except the Yankton-ahnah. R. Kansas, Ottoes, Missouris, Panias, Mahas Poncars, and Ayauways, and all the nations east of the Mississippi, and south of the Chippeways, also with the Yankton-ahnahs. S. Saukees and Renars, or Foxes. These nations are so perfectly consolidated they may, in fact, be considered as one nation only. They speak the same language; they formerly resided on the east side of the Mississippi, and still claim the land on that side of the river, from the mouth of the Oisconsin to the Illinois river, and eastward towards Lake Michigan; but to what parti cular boundary, I am not informed; they also claim, by conquest, the whole of the country belonging to the ancient Missouris, which forms one of the most valuable portions of Louisiana, N. Deer skins principally, and the skins of the but what proportion of this territory they are wil black bear, beaver, otter, grey fox, raccoon, musk-ling to assign to the Ayouways, who also claim a rat, and mink. O. Deerskins, beaver, black bear, otter, grey fox, raccoon, muskrat, and mink; also, elk, and deers' tallow and bear's oil. P. At the mouth of the Kansas. Q. Particularly with the Osage, Kansas, and Chippeways, la Fallorine, and those of Leach and Sand Lakes: sometimes with the Mahas and Sioux Wahpatone, Mindawarcarton and Wahpacoota. R. With the Ottoes, Missouris, Sioux, Yanktonahnah, and all the nations east of the Mississippi, and south of the Chippeways. S. They are the descendants of the ancient Missouries, and claim the country west of them to the Missouri; but as to its precise limits, or boundaries, between themselves and the Saukees and Foxes, I could never learn. They are a turbulent savage race, frequently abuse their traders, and commit depredations on those ascending and descending the Missouri. Their trade cannot be expected to increase much. A. Saukees. B. O'saw-kee. C. la Sauk. D. * E. Two. part of it, I do not know, as they are at war with the Sioux, who live N. and N. W. of them, ex cept the Yankton-ahnah. Their boundaries in that quarter are also undefined; their trade would become much more valuable if peace was estab lished between them and the nations west of the Missouri, with whom they are at war; their population has remained nearly the same for many years; they raise an abundance of corn, beans, and melons; they sometimes hunt in the country west of them, towards the Missouri, but their principal hunting is on both sides of the Missis sippi, from the mouth of the Oisconsin to the mouth of the Illinois river. These people are extremely friendly to the whites, and seldom injure their traders; but they are the most implac able enemies to the Indian nations with whom they are at war. To them is justly attributable the almost entire destruction of the Missouris, the Illinois, Cahokias, Kaskaskias, and Piorias. A. Foxes. B. Ot-tår går-me. C. la Renar. D. Saukee. E. One. |