Lieutenant General 20th November, 1782; embarked at New York for England, 15th April, 1783; and died in 1788.-N. Y. Col. Doc. viii. 706.

NOTE kk, PAGE 232. CHARLES NEWMAN.-For a full account of the loss of the Carteret Packet, see Historical Notes 149, 150, 153, pp. 352, 354.

NOTE 11, PAGE 237.

MARRIOT ARBUTHNOT, Vice Admiral of the Blue, the son of Robert Arbuthnot. He was a native of Weymouth, in Dorsetshire, and entered the naval service at an early age. He was appointed Lieutenant in 1739. He successively commanded the Jamaica Sloop, the Triton [24 guns], the Garland [20], the Portland [50], and the Terrible [74]. On the breaking out of the American War he was appointed Commissioner at the Navy Yard at Halifax. After the trial of Admiral Keppel, in which he participated, he was raised to the rank of Vice Admiral of the Blue, and appointed Commander in Chief in North America. He commanded the squadron which sailed from New York for the Carolinas, on the 26th December, 1779, on the expedition which resulted in the reduction of Charleston. Having returned to New York, and being reinforced by Admiral Graves, he sailed for Rhode Island, where the French squadron was laying in Newport harbor. The English fleet lay at Gardner's Bay. The French fleet, under M. de Ternay, put to sea on the 8th of March, 1781, and were pursued by Admiral Arbuthnot. A long but indecisive action took place off Cape Henry.

Admiral Arbuthnot, having received his orders of recall in July, 1781, shifted his flag from the Royal Oak, where it had been for some time flying, to his old ship the Roebuck, and resigning the command to Admiral Graves, sailed for Spithead. This closed his active command. On the 24th September, 1787, he was made Vice Admiral of the Red, and on the 1st February, 1793, Admiral of the Blue squadron. He died at his house in Great Suffolk Street, Charing Cross, on the 31st January, 1794, aged 83.-Ralfe's Naval Biography, i. 129; The Naval Chronicle, xxiii. 265.

NOTE mm, PAGE 240. ABRAHAM CUYLER.—Of Albany. Confined at Hartford, he applied to the New York State Convention in August, 1776, for leave to visit his family. Released, after some delay, he was authorized to raise a battalion for the King's service. He was at Jamaica, recruiting, in 1779. He was attainted and his property confiscated. In 1781 he went to England. He returned to Albany, but soon withdrew to Canada, where he died in 1810, aged sixty-eight.-Sabine's Loyalists, i. 356.

NOTE nn, PAGE 240. SHEFFIELD HOWARD.-Little is known of this gentleman. He lost a large amount of property during the War. His daughter, Anna, married Major Bingham, and, a widow, became the wife of Sir Thomas Hay, Baronet.-Sabine's Loyalists, i. 548.

NOTE 00, PAGE 240. WILLIAM TONGUE.-A Broker and Auctioneer, Hanover Square, two doors from Wall Street, opposite Hugh Gaine's printing office. He was an addresser of Lord Howe in 1776. Like most of the Vendue Masters, his sales were chiefly made on the Coffee-house Bridge. His advertisements are frequently met with about the period 1780-81. In his announcement "that he has opened a Merchant Broker's Office," at the corner house near the Exchange, he says he has had experience in London and America for upward of twenty-five years.-Rivington's New York Gazetteer, Sept. 22, 1774.

NOTE PP, PAGE 247. SIR HENRY CLINTON, Commander in Chief. He was the grandson of Francis, sixth Earl of Lincoln; and after service in the Hanoverian War was sent to America as Major General in 1775. He took part in the battle of Bunker Hill, and commanded at the battle of Long Island, September, 1776, which resulted in the evacuation of New York by the American troops. In 1777 he made an ineffectual effort to open the Hudson and relieve Burgoyne. Forced to withdraw from Philadelphia by General Washington, he led in person the expedition which captured Charleston in the spring of 1780. He sailed from New York to relieve Cornwallis with seven thousand men, on the very day of the surrender of Yorktown. He was superseded by General Carleton in 1781; returned to England in 1782, and was appointed Governor of Gibraltar. He died soon after.-New American Cyclopædia, v. 352.

NOTE qq, PAGE 260. THOMAS GRAVES, Rear Admiral of the Red.--He was the second son of Admiral Thomas Graves, and was born at Thankes in Cornwall. He went to sea at an early age. He was raised to the rank of Lieutenant on the 25th June, 1743. His first command was the Hazard Sloop, in 1754, and successively the Unicorn of 28 guns; the Antelope [60]; the Temeraire [74]; and the Raisonable [60]. În 1776 he was chosen a Representative in Parliament for the borough of East Looe. In 1777 he was appointed to the Nonsuch, and afterwards transferred to the Conqueror. While on the West India station he received information of his elevation to a flag as Rear Admiral of the Blue on the 19th March, 1779. On his return to England he was commissioned to the London of 98 guns. In 1780 he sailed for America with a reinforcement of six sail of the line for the squadron under Admiral Arbuthnot, and arrived at New York on the 13th July. On the 26th September he was raised to the rank of Rear Admiral of the Red.

On the recall of Admiral Arbuthnot in July, 1781, the command devolved on Rear Admiral Graves. Intelligence reaching him soon after of the sailing of De Barras from Rhode Island, he put to sea on the 31st August, and pushed for the Chesapeake, where they were engaged by the French fleet under De Grasse. A long but indecisive action took place, in which the English were severely handled, and Admiral Graves was forced to abandon the effort to dislodge the French from their position. "The result of this encounter decided the fate of the war.” On his return to New York he was reinforced by Rear Admiral Digby, who had been appointed Commander in Chief on the American station, but who waived his rank till the close of the expedition undertaken to relieve Lord Cornwallis. Owing to delay in the outfit the fleet only sailed from New York on the 19th October, the day of the surrender at Yorktown. On hearing of the surrender Admiral Graves returned to New York, and resigned his command to Admiral Digby.

On the 24th Sept., 1787, he was made Vice Admiral; and on the 12th April, 1794, Admiral of the Blue. He was wounded at the battle of the Nile 1st June, 1794, and was rewarded with an Irish peerage. On the Ist June, 1795, he was made Admiral of the White.

He married, in 1771, Elizabeth, daughter of William Piere Williams, and died in February, 1802.-Ralfe's Naval Biography, i. 174.

NOTE rr, PAGE 263. FRANCIS BAYARD WINTHROP.—The Winthrop, of Winthrop & Kemble, was probably the F. B. Winthrop who signed the Boston address to General Gage in 1775 and a loyalist. He married

Miss Marston, eldest daughter of Mr. Thomas Marston, of New York, in April, 1779.-Gaine's New York Gazette, April 26, 1779.

He was residing at 29 Wall Street in 1798.-Longworth's City Directory, 1798.

NOTE ss, PAGE 266. DAVID MATHEWS, Mayor of New York.Upon the resignation of Whitehead Hicks, in February, 1776, he was appointed Mayor of the City, and, by permission of the Provincial Congress, was qualified by Governor Tryon, on board the ship Duchess of Gordon in the harbor. "He was among those who were implicated in the intricacies of the Hickey Plot. There is nothing in the evidence, however, which justifies the suspicion that he was really concerned in it, beyond acting as a messenger in delivering money to Forbes from Tryon. He was removed into Connecticut and held in close custody there for some time. He was Registrar of the Court of Admiralty in 1782. After the War he was President of the Council and Commander in Chief of the Island of Cape Breton. While at Flatbush, in the summer of 1778, he narrowly escaped being captured by Marriner, his expedition being undertaken for that purpose.-New York City during the Revolution, Mercantile Library, 67; Sabine's Loyalists, ii. 50.

NOTE tt, PAGE 270. GEORGE KEITH ELPHINSTONE, the Honorable. He was the fifth son of Lord Elphinstone, and born in 1746. He went to sea in February, 1762, on board the Gosport. In 1772 he was made commander of the Scorpion, 14 guns. In 1778 he was appointed to the Warwick, of 50 guns, and in January, 1781, he captured, after a smart contest, a Dutch ship of war of 50 guns and 300 men. During the remainder of the War Captain Elphinstone was on the American station under Admiral Digby. In the election of 1785 he was returned for the County of Stirling. In March, 1797, he was raised to the dignity of a baron of the Kingdom of Ireland by the title of Baron Keith; and on the 5th December, 1801, of the United Kingdom. He was promoted for various distinguished services, and on the 9th November, 1805, was made Admiral of the White. In May, 1814, he was created Viscount Keith. He died at Tullian House on the 16th March, 1823, aged 77 years.—Mackenzie's Naval Biography, page 144.

NOTE uu, PAGE 279. JOHN ST. CLAIR.-Captain ST. CLAIR was appointed Secretary to James Robertson, Commandant, on the 23d September, 1780.-Gaine's New York Gazette, Sept. 25th, 1780.

NOTE VV, PAGE 280. ROBERT DIGBY, Rear Admiral of the Blue.—vv, He was the third son of Hon. Edward Digby and Charlotte, only surviving daughter of Sir Stephen Fox and sister of Henry Lord Holland. He was appointed Post-Captain August 5, 1755, and his first ship was the Solebay, of 24 guns. He commanded in turn the Biddeford, the Rochefort, of 60 guns. On the breaking out of war with France, Captain Digby was commissioned to the Ramillies, of 74 guns. He was made Rear Admiral of the Blue 19th March, 1779. In May he hoisted his flag on board the Prince George, and Prince William Henry (afterwards William IV.) was placed under his charge. He twice relieved the Garrison of Gibraltar with supplies. In 1781 he was appointed to the chief command on the American station, but finding on his arrival that Admiral Graves was engaged in an effort to relieve Cornwallis, he waived his rank. On the 24th September, 1787, he was made Vice Admiral, and on the 12th April, 1794, Admiral of the Blue.

He married, in August, 1784, Eleanor, daughter of Andrew Elliot, Esq. (who had been Lieutenant Governor of New York), and widow of Mr. Jauncey.Balfe's Naval Biography, i. 192.

NOTE ww, PAGE 297. CORNELIUS RAY.-The son of Richard Ray and Sarah Bogert, born in New York, 25th April, 1755. He married in Albany, July, 1784, Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Edward Elmendorff, of Kingston, Ulster county. Mr. Ray was an active merchant in New York, but during the Revolutionary War retired to Albany. At the Peace he returned to the city. On the establishment of the United States Bank he was chosen President of the Branch in this city, and so continued until the expiration of its charter in 1810. He was elected President of the Chamber of Commerce in May, 1806, and so continued until 1819, when he declined further service. He died in 1829.—King's History of the Chamber of Commerce, page 91.

NOTE XX, PAGE 297. COMFORT SANDS.-The son of John Sands and Elizabeth Cornwall, born at Sands' Point, Long Island, 26th Feb., 1748. In 1762 he went to New York and lived with Joseph Duke, a merchant in Peck Slip. In 1769 he commenced business on his own account, and on the 3d June of the same year he married Sarah, daughter of Wilkie Dodge, of Cow Neck. He had acquired a considerable property before the War broke out. He was one of the Committee of Observation in 1774, and a member of the Provincial Congress from Nov., 1775, to July, 1776. He was chosen Auditor General of the Public Accounts by the New York Convention in 1776, and held the post till October, 1781, when he resigned. In 1783 he formed a partnership with his brother Joshua, and conducted a large mercantile business in New York. The firm continued till 1794. He was several times chosen to represent New York City in the Assembly. He was one of the first directors of the Bank of New York in 1784, and in 1794 was elected President of the Chamber of Commerce. Few persons were more active and useful during the trying period of the Revolution, or enjoyed to a greater degree the public confidence.-Thompson's Long Island, ii. 465.

NOTE yy, PAGE 297. ROBERT BOWNE.-The son of John Bowne and Dinah Underhill, born at Flushing, in the year 1744. He married Elizabeth Hartshorne. His name does not appear in New York during the War.--Thompson's Long Island, ii. 389–90.

NOTE zz, PAGE 297. JOSHUA SANDS.-The son of John Sands and Elizabeth Cornwall. He was connected with his brothers, Comfort and Richardson, in a contract with Robert Morris, to supply the northern army with provisions for 1782. In 1783 he formed a partnership with his brother Comfort, and they transacted a mercantile business, under the name of Comfort & Foshua Sands, till 1794. (Their place of business was at 137 Water Street.)-Thompson's Long Island, ii. 466.