Baid college bread and beer only (you not allowing them either flesh, chec e, or butter with the same), and by many other ways?" We presume that these counts were not read aloud in Ely House in the presence of the accused, as the whole business was conducted by written affidavits, whereof no le s than twenty-seven were sworn against the Master, nor does it appear that any one of the complainants declined to support his signature upon oath.

The first and second articles refer to the Master's appropriation of certain sums, which of right belonged to his predecessor, and to the misapplication of the said sums. The third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh, to the expenditure in rebuilding and fitting up the Lodge, which is roundly stated at 1,500., and to the unwarrantable means taken to enforce payment of te fame. The seventh goes so far as to charge Bentley with obtaining money under pretence of paying workmen, and diverting it to other purposes.

The ninth, absurdly enough, ask Dr. Bentley why he married; and why, having married, he brought his wife into college. It is wonderful that some of his prosecutors should hazard a question which might have been retorted with such bitter effect upon themselves; and somewhat remarkable how unwillingly Queen Elizabeth permitted the marriage of the clergy.

The tenth, thirtieth, thirty-first and forty-fourth, relate to waste of the college goods, and exorbitant demands upon its funds. The twelfth and thirteenth, to the staircase business (a discreditable job altogether). The fourteenth, to the allotment of college chambers (seems frivolous at this distance of time, but might be very serious at the commencement of the last century). The fifteenth, to unlawful interference with the appointment of officers, in which the Master appears to have been culpable and inconsistent. The seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth, twenty-first, twenty-sixth, and twenty-seventh, to punishments inflicted without due conviction, or the consent of the seniority. The twenty-second regards the expulsion of Miller. The twenty-third, fortieth, and fifty-second, allege certain irregularities and omissions in the chapel service (which, for any spiritual benefit derived from it, might as well be omitted altogether). As for the "founder's prayers," Bentley was quite right in letting them alone; for they are a mere apology for masses, and where the belief of purgatory does not obtain, have no meaning whatever. The forty-third and fortyfourth articles relate to the new scheme of dividends. The thirty-seventh and forty-seventh, to the bowling-green, and another plot of ground, which Bentley had used according to his pleasure, asserting himself “to be Lord · of the soil." The fifty-third complains of the observatory; one or two others, of the expense incurred in renovating the chapel and purchasing an organ; and the rest relate either to mere repetitions of former offences, or to matters of college regulation, such as the Friday's supper, the declamations in chapel, the permission to quit table before grace, and the like.

On a dispassionate review of these articles, it appears that they amount to a sort of accumulative treason against the state and liberties of Trinityollege. By far the greater part of them are trifling, yet, altogether, they prove, beyond contradiction, that Bentley's views extended to absolute sovereignty, that he deemed himself irresponsible, treated the college estate as if no individual but him elf had a freehold therein, and did not condescend to observe those formalities which, by a true college man, are regarded as essential to academic existence.

[After a full hearing, the Bishop, as Visitor, was about to pronounce an opinion convicting the Master of violating the statutes and wasting the goods of the college, when the entire proceedings were arrested by his death, July 31, 1714.]

Bentley's Literary Labors-1702-1704.

Before resuming our narrative of this inter-collegiate controversy, we will glance at Bentley's literary labors during the turmoil of his Mastership.* Strife and trouble seem to have been congenial to his faculties; controversy was a stimulus without which he would have slumbered. He was naturally a bird of tempe-t. This feature in his career was happily hit off by Arbuthnot in a squib, written in professed imitation of Swift's manner, entitled 'An Account of the State of Learning in the Empire of Lilliput, together with the History and Character of Bullum, the Emperor's Library Keeper:' "Bullum is a tall, raw- oned man, I believe near six inches and a half high. From his infancy he applied himself with great industry to the old Blefuscudian language, in which he made such a progress that he almost forgot his native Lilliputian; and at this time he can neither write nor speak two sentences without a mixture of old Blefuscudian. These qualifications, joined to an undaunted forward spirit, and a few good friends, prevailed with the Emperor's grandfather to make him keeper of his library, and a Mulro in the Gomflastru, though most men thought him fitter to be one of the Royal Guards. These places soon helped him to riches, and upon the strength of them he soon began to despise everybody, and to be despised by everybody. This engaged him in many quarrels, which he managed in a very odd manner; whenever he thought himself affronted, he immediately flung a great book at his adversary, and, if he could, felled him to the earth; but if his adversary stood his ground, and flung another book at him, which was sometimes done with great violence, then he complained to the Grand Justiciary, that these affronts were designed to the Emperor, and that he was singled out only as being the Emperor's servant. By this trick he got that great officer to his side, which made his enemies cautious, and him insolent. Bullum attended the court some years, but could not get into a higher post; for though he constantly wore the heels of his shoes high or low, as the fashion was, yet having a long back and a stiff neck, he never could, with any dexterity, creep under the stick which the Emperor or the chief minister held. As to his dancing on a rope, I shall speak of it presently; but the greate t skill in that art will not procure a man a place at court without some agility at the stick."

In this interval Bentley contributed some highly esteemed emendations to Davies' Tusculan Questions, supported by able notes, and a body of conjectural alterations to Needham's edition of Hierocles on the golden verses of Pythagoras. In 1709 he procured a reprint of Newton's Principia at the * Perhaps there was no situation in the world for which he was so unfitted as the headship of a college. Even his learning was not of that quality which is required in a preceptor or guide of juvenile studies; for his mind was too rapid to wait upon the slow development of ordinary comprehensions. He had an exquisite tact, an intuitive perception of the possibilities of language, but he had little feeling for the beauties of thought and imagery, and still less sympathy for the minds of others. He had probably quite forgotten what it was to be a learner, and could not sympathetically discover the cause of a difficulty arising from the intellectual constitution of an individual, though, as in the case of Hemsterhuis, he would infallibly indicate a deficiency of positive knowledge on any given topic. In a word, he could point out what was to be learned, but he could not teach.

How different a being was Aldritch, the very ideal of a college head, who made those who would not have loved learning for its own sake, love it for his, who was better pleased to elicit the talents of others than to display his own-who made even logic amiable, by proving that it was no foe to good fellowship-who regulated conviviality by making himself its moving principle-planned the Peck-water, loved his pipe, and composed "the bonny Christ Church bells."

University pre s. In 1710 he became involved in a controversy with John Le Clerc and Gronovius, by his Emendations of Menander and Philemon. In December of the same year he issued his edition of Horace, with a dedication to Lord Oxford, which was originally intended for Lord Halifax, but the ministry changing, it was given to Harley. Its appearance was the signal for a fresh list of critics and animadverters. One of them, Dr. King, (who had taken part in the former controversy on Phalaris-being reproached for his want of reading, claimed that he had read more than any man in England besides Pentley, inasmuch as he had read his book all through)-describes Horace as visiting England according to his own prophecy, and taking up his abode in Trinity College, where he puts all to confusion, consumes immoderate quantities of college bread and ale, and grows immensely fat. Epicuri de grege porcus. John Ker and Johnson of Nottingham, two schoolmasters of wide reputation, and Alexander Cunningham, a learned Scotchman, attacked the temerity of Bentley's Emendation. The intru ion of the conjectural reading; into the text has been cen ured as altogether unwarrantable. Many of them go to crop the most delicate flowers of Horatian fancy, and sheer away the love-locks which the world has doted on. The value of the work consists in the extraordinary display of learning and ingenuity which the defence of these innovations called forth, in the skilful allegation of parallel passages, in the wonderful adroitness with which every line and every letter that supports the proposed change is hunted out from the obscurest corners of Roman literature, and made to bear on the case in point, and in the logical dexterity with which apparent objections are turned into confirmations.

Soon after the publication of the Horace, Bentley exposed the affectation of reading and scholarship in Anthony Collins's 'Discourse of Freethinking,' in his 'Reply,' which did Christianity a real service by showing that the alleged variations in the Scripture did not affect the sense at all. But it was not till he was again involved in his college squab' le that he entered on a book which he did not live to complete-the restoration of the text of the Greek Testament exactly as it was at the time of the Council of Nice.

Revival of Trinity College Quarrel.

As all proceedings were by the decease of the Visitor rendered null and void, the parties now stood in stotu quo ante bellum; and a fair opportunity offered to conclude a lasting peace on the basis of mutual conces-ion. No less than six of the original prosecutors had died during the progress of the fuit, and of those that remained, few possessed vigor, talent, funds, or influence, to contend against the Master. Middleton, the ablest subscriber of the original petition, had ceased to be a fellow, and was yet unknown beyond the circle of his acquaintance, who, perhaps, little expected that "Fiddling Conyers," as Bentley contemptuous'y called him, would achieve a high name in English literature. A temporary pacification was concluded. The scheme of dividends and compensation was allowed to drop, but for all besides, Bentley was as de potic as ever. All offices were bestowed at his discretion; to oppose him was to forswear promotion. After the death of Dr. Smith,. Modd, a convenient nonentity, who had not taken the statutable degrees, was made Vice-Master; Pathurst, who was almost blind, Bursar; and Hanbury, whom the Doctor himself had charged with drunkenness, was appointed to superintend the morals of the students, in the quality of senior Dean. In thus advancing notoriously incompetent persons to posts of responsibility, he not only excluded such as he could less easily manage, but in effect got the whole college administration into his own hands. Modd had nothing to

do but respond Amen to his master's propositions, and as Eathurst could not see the counts, and nobody else was allowed to look at them, it followed that the whole power of the purse, without check or limit, was in the Doctor's hands.

As, however, he could not think his reign secure while Miller remained a member of the college, he sought a fresh pretext to oust the lawyer. On a former occasion he had cut his name out of the buttery-boards, because, not being a physician, he held a medical fellowship. Now he urged, with more show of justice, that Miller, possessing a pretty estate, fell under the statute which excludes all persons holding any ecclesiastical preferment whatever, college preacherships excepted, or any property to the amount of 10l. a year, from the benefit of the college. But unluckily it happened that Bentley, not long before, had refused to accept the resignation of a gentleman of 10,0002. a year, saying that people of property were very useful members of the society. Miller met this attempt with a petition, and a new set of articles, differing little from the former; but the new Bishop of Ely, Fleetwood, refused to take cognizance of the ease, unless his right to be General Visitor was ascertained. He would not visit the Master unless he might visit the fellows also, and so for a time the matter rested. A little while before this, Bentley had delivered a visitation charge, in his capacity of Archdeacon of Ely, in which he did not quite satisfy the passionate admirers of the new dynasty; for though he called King George Antoninus, he admitted that it was impossible for a foreign prince, newly imported, not to commit some error. Miller, who was an intolerant Wh'g, represented this as sedition, and a sufficient ground of expulsion; but there was no getting Bishop Fleetwood to stir. The expres ion, however, did the Archdeacon no good at court, where his enemies made the most of his dedication to Harley, now in the Tower on a charge of high treason. Eut Bentley managed his political relations with great skill, and availed himself of every feasible opportunity to express his loyalty to the Government de facto, whether it were Whig or Tory.

Oxford, retaining a traditionary affection for the grandson of Charles I., almost approved the conduct of her Chancellor, the Duke of Ormond, who had joined the Pretender, by electing his brother, the Earl of Arran, in his room. Cambridge, less devoted to the exiles, was yet coldly affected towards the Whig domination, and reinstated her Tory representatives at the general election of 1715. Riots took place on the Pretender's birthday, and again on that of King George, and some young gownsmen broke windows, and cried "No Hanover." This the Vice-Chancellor prudently considered merely as a breach of discipline; but it was judged expedient that the Senatus Academicus should express their attachment to constitutional monarchy, in the Protestant line, by a formal act. An address was got up, declaring that they had ever acknowledged King George as their rightful sovereign, reminding him of his promises, and engaging in turn to train up the youth in the way they should go, "that they might show in their conduct an example of that loyalty and obedience which this University, pursuing the doctrines of our Church, has ever maintained." This testimonial seems to have been well timed, for it gained from the king a present of Bishop Moore's magnificent library, consisting of 30,000 volumes, which, at Lord Town end's suggestion, had been purchased by the crown for 6,000l., while the sister University was insulted by being placed under military surveillance. On this occasion appeared the well known epigram by an unknown hand :

King George, observing with judicious eyes

The state of both his Universities,

To Oxford sent a troop of horse, and why?—
That learned body wanted loyalty:

To Cambridge books he sent, as well discerning
How much that loyal body wanted learning.

Retaliated by Sir W. Browne, founder of the prizes for odes and epigrams:

The King to Oxford sent a troop of horse,
For Tories own no argument but force;

With equal skill to Cambridge books he sent,

For Whigs admit no force but argument.

We left Trinity College in the year 1714 still divided against itself; but the determined refusal of Bishop Fleetwood to act as Visitor cut off the discontented party from all hope of redress, and Bentley's main endeavors were directed to the exclusion of Miller, whom he regarded as the ringleader of the mal-contents, who would do everything in his power to keep alive the spirit of resistance. But a' solute as he was, he could not forcibly expel the obnoxious serjeant, though he withheld all the emoluments of his fellowship. Three men of very different tempers, talents, and principles, seem to have been ordained to oppose this supremacy of Bentley. These were Miller, Middleton, and Colbatch. Of these the first was a lawyer and a politician, with a political conscience, who espoused the cause of his college with an eye to the advantage which an important suit always affords to a rising counsel, and to the éclat which an ambitious man derives from opposition to an unpopular authority. Middleton, who, ceasing to be a fellow in the very earliest stage of the process, had no personal interest in the quarrel, was probably incited to make it his own by some private pique at the Master, who u ed to call him "Fiddling Conyers," and probably evinced little respect for his talents, great as they afterwards proved. Of all Bentley's literary opponents he was the most formidable, and the least scrupulous; he was a man of the world. Dr. John Colbatch was a dry, grave, honest man, with a strong, rather than a fine, sense of rectitude; an inflexible stickler for right, a strict and literal expounder of the moral law, a zealous advocate for the letter as well as the spirit; somewhat of a Martinet in matters of discipline, whose resolution, once taken, became part and parcel of his conscience, and who never forgave an offence against himself if he deemed it an offence against justice. His naturally saturnine temperament had been darkened by successive disappointments; for after holding the honorable station of chaplain to the British factory at Lisbon, and gaining the approbation of Queen Mary by a work on the religion and literature of Portugal, he became, by especial request, a private tutor, first to the son of Bishop Burnet, and afterwards in the family of the "proud Duke" of Somerset; yet at forty was obliged to return to his college with no other subsistence than his fellowship, and a prebend of Salisbury of 20'. value. If, however, as Middleton asserts, his virtue was deemed “too severe,” and had “omething disagreeable about it," it was no wonder if he failed to profit by the acquaintance of the great. To make available the patronage of courtly bishops and proud dukes, other qualifications are necessary, besides severely disagreeable virtue. He considered himself an injured man, for speaking of the neglect he had experienced, he said, "that the hardships he suffered were aggravated by some circumstances which must lie infinitely heavier, and sink deeper into an ingenuous mind, than any temporal loss or inconvenience whatever." Perhaps he sometimes mistook a personal resentment for righteous indignation. The University made him some amends by appointing him, in 1707, Professor of Casuistry; and had he not come in collision with Bentley, he would probably have grown gray in the study of civil law and ecclesia tical