1805. NATHANIEL FREEMAN, Y. C. 1805. Pastor at Greenfield. Died, 1854. 1807. HENRY SHERMAN, Y. C. 1803. Pastor at Weston, Ct. Died, 1817. 1808. ELIZUR GOODRICH, Williams College, 1806. Lawyer in Hartford. 1810. EBENEZER KELLOGG, Y. C. 1810. Professor at Williams College. Died, 1846.

·

1810. CHAUNCEY ALLEN GOODRICH, Y. C. 1810. D. D., Professor in Yale College, editor of a Greek Grammar; in 1832 of Greek Lessons; in 1852 of 'Select British Eloquence.' In 1829 established the 'Quarterly Christian Spectator,' and was its sole editor till about 1836. Also, an important contributor to other religious periodicals. Editor of Webster's Dictionary. Died, 1860.

1812. ELEAZAR THOMPSON FITCH, Y. C. 1810. D. D., Livingston Professor of Divinity in Yale College from 1817 till his resignation in 1852. Died 1871. 1812. EDWIN WELLS DWIGHT, Y. C. 1809. Clergyman at Richmond, Mass. Died, 1841.

1813. WARD SAFFORD, Y. C. 1812. Minister in New York, and founder of City Missions in America. Died, 1851.

1813. ELISHA MITCHELL, Y. C. 1813. D. D., Professor of Natural Sciences in the University of North Carolina. Perished in 1857, on a mountain in that State, which has since received the name of Mitchell's Mountain.

1814. ZEDEKIAH SMITH BARSTOW, Y. C. 1813. D. D., Minister at Keene, N. H., where he died, in 1876.

President Wolsey, at the celebration of the two hundreth anniversary of the Hopkins School in 1860, in relating his experience of Hopkins Grammar school life, "from the time he took his last thrashing at Hartford, most undeservedly, from Master Parsons, to Mr. Barstow, under whose tuition he himself learned to thrash the good wheat out of the classics, speaks of Mr. Barstow as the prince of schoolmasters, and of wonderful originality."

1815. RANDOLPH STONE, Y. C. 1815. Was the last man who held the office of butler in Yale College. Became a minister, and labored on the Western Reserve, in Ohio. Died, 1840.

1815. EBENEZER SEELEY, Y. C. 1814. A lawyer at New Haven, and mayor of the city. Removed to New York, where he died, in 1866.

1816. ZEDEKIAH SMITH BARSTOW, again, for one quarter.

1816. RUFUS WOODWARD, Y. C. 1816. Died at Edinburgh, 1824.

1816. JOSEPH Dresser WICKHAM, Y. C. 1815. Was the last amanuensis of President Dwight. Afterward minister in Oswego, N. Y., and from 1823 to 1876, Principal of the Burr Seminary, Manchester, Vt.

1817. GEORGE HILL, Y. C. 1816. United States Consul in Asia Minor. 1817. WILLIAM CHAUNCEY FOWLER, Y. C. 1816. Professor in Middlebury and Amherst Colleges, and author of an elaborate treatise on English Grammar, and of the History of the Chauncey Family.

1818-20. HECTor Humphreys, Y. C. 1818. Professor in Trinity College, Hartford, and President of St. John's College, Maryland. Died, 1857.

1820-1. EDWARD TURNER, Y. C. 1818. Professor in Middlebury College. Died, 1838.

1821-3. STEPHEN D. WARD, New Jersey College, 1819. Clergyman in Maine and Massachusetts. Died, 1858, at Agawam, Mass.

1824-5. HENRY HERRICK, Y. C., 1822. Clergyman at Exeter.

1825. WILLIAM RUSSELL. Editor, Author, Teacher. For an account of his labors, see Barnard's American Journal of Education, Vol. iii, 139–42.

1825. SIMEON NORTH, Y. C. 1825. D. D., LL.D., Tutor, Professor, and President of Hamilton College.

1825-7. GEORGE NICHOLS, Y. C. 1824. Teacher in Hadley and in Springfield, Mass. Died in Springfield, 1841. 1826-9.

ROBERT MCEWEN, Y. C. 1827. D. D., Clergyman at Enfield, Mass. 1829-31. ASA DRURY, Y. C. 1829. Professor in Cincinnati College, Ohio, died, 1870.

1831-3. NOAH PORTER, Y. C. 1831. D. D., Professor and President in Yale College.

1833-4. JOHN OWEN COLTON, Y. C. 1832. Pastor of the Chapel street Church, New Haven. Compiler of Colton's Greek Reader. Died, 1840.

1834-5. SAMUEL W. S. DUTTON, Y. C. 1833. D. D., Pastor of North Church, New Haven. Died, 1866.

1835-6. CHARLES ALONZO GAGER, Y. C. 1835. Died, 1841, in Egypt. 1836-7. NELSON WHEELER, Y. C. 1836. Professor in Brown University. Died, 1855.

1837-8. WILLARD M. HARDING, Y. C. 1837. Minister at Princeton, Mass. 1838. ROBERT HAMILTON PADDOCK, Y. C. 1837. M. D., Professor in Starling Medical College, Ohio.

1839.

ISAAC JENNINGS, Y. C. 1837. Minister at Stamford. Died, 1864. 1840. HAWLEY OLMSTED, a graduate of Yale College, in 1816, and for twenty-five years Principal of a classical school at Wilton, Conn., became rector of this school in 1840, and 'by his thorough instruction, and decided and efficient government raised it from a very depressed state, to one of great prosperity,' He resigned in 1849, from impaired health, and died in 1868. In 1825, and in 1826, Mr. Olmsted was member of the legislature, and as chairman of the Committee of Education, recommended several measures of reform in the Common School System, which were carried out by others in 1838-39. EDWARD OLMSTEAD, Y. C. 1845.

1849.

ROBBINS LITTLE, Y. C. 1851.

1854. 1854. JAMES MORRIS WHITON, Y. C. 1853. Became rector in September, 1854, and opened the term with four pupils, the number increasing during the year, to twenty-five. In 1857, the attendance reached about 80, and required an additional room aud an assistant, (Mr. Wilder Smith, Y. C., 1857), and so continued until 1864, when Mr. Whiton resigned. After a pastorate of twelve years, he was elected Principal of Williston Seminary, at East Hampton. 1864.

HENRY N. JOHNSON, Y. C. 1861.

1873. WILLIAM L. CUSHING, Y. C. 1872.

Management-Organization-Fund.

The entire management of the New Haven Hopkins School remains with the Trustees as originally constituted by Mr. Davenport, without any act of incorporation, or modification by the town-all vacancies by death having been filled by the survivors.

Trustees in 1878:-Henry White, elected 1839; T. D. Woolsey, 1840; E. W. Blake, 1846; T. A. Thatcher, 1854; H. C. Kingsley, 1860; A. C. Twining," 1863; S. E. Baldwin, 1869.

Rector William L. Cushing, with six assistant Teachers.

Tuition, $25 for the Fall term, and $20 for the Winter and Summer terms, each, or $65 for the year.

Fund in 1878 consists of school lot and building in High street, valued at $20,000, and $2,000 in Bank stock.

NOTE-The following Code of Regulations, drawn up for the government of the New Haven Hopkins Grammar School in 1684, is printed from a copy carefully transcribed from the Records of the School, by Mr. Lyman Baird.

"Orders of y Comittee of trustees for the Grammer Schoole at Newhaven to be observed & attended in ye said Schoole, made, agreed upon & published in yg Schoole in y yeare 1684.

"1st. The Erection of ye gd Schoole being principally for ye Institucion of hopefull youth in y Latin tongue, & other learned Languages soe far as to prepare such youths for ye Colledge & publiq service of ye Country in Church, & Comonwealth. The Chiefe work of y Schoole-M' is to Instruct all such youth as are or may be by theire parents or Frends sent, or Comitted unto him to yt end with all diligence faithfullnes and Constancy out of any of ye townes of this County of Newhaven upon his sallary accompt only, otherwise Gratis. And if any Boyes are sent to ye Mr of ye said Schoole from any other part of y Colony, or Country. Each such boy or youth to pay ten shillings to ye Mast' at or upon his entrance into y said Schoole.

"2. That noe Boyes be admitted into ye sd Schoole for ye learning of English Books, but such as have ben before taught to spell y' letters well & begin to Read, thereby to perfect theire right Spelling, & Reading, or to learne to write, & Cypher for numeracion, & addicion, & noe further, & y' all others either too young & not instructed in letters & spelling, & all Girles be excluded as Improper & inconsistent with such a Grammer Schoole as ye law injoines, and is ye Designe of this Settlem', And y' noe Boyes be admitted from other townes for y learning of English, wthout liberty & specially licence from y Comittee.

"3. That the Master & Schollars duly attend the Schoole Houres viz. from 6 in ye morning to 11 a Clock in ye forenoone, And froin 1 a Clock in the afternoone to 5 a Clock in the afternoone in Summer & 4 in Winter.

"4. That the Mr shall make a list or Catalogue of his Schollars names And appoint a Monitor in his turne for one week or longer tyine as the Mr shall see Cause, who shall every morning & noone at least once a day at y set tyme Call over ye names of y Schollars, and Note down the late Commers, or Absent. And in fit season Call such to an accompt That the faulty, & truants may be Corrected or reproved as theire fault shall desearve.

5. That the Schollars being Called together the Mr shall every morning begin his work wth a short Prayer for a blessing on his laboures & theire Learning.

6. That prayer being ended the Master shall Assigne to every of his Schollars theire places of Sitting according to theire degrees of learning. And that (having theire Parts, or Lessons appointed them) they Keepe theire Seats, & stir not out of Dores, with[out] Leave of the Master, And not above two at one tyme, & soe successively: unless in Cases of necessity.

"7. That ye Schollars behave themselvs at all tymes, especially in Schoole tyme with due Reverence to theire Master, & with Sobriety & quietnes among themselvs, without fighting, Quarrelling or calling one anoth or any others, bad names, or useing bad words in Cursing, takeing the name of God in vaine, or other prophane, obscene, or Corrupt speeches which if any doe, That ye Mr forthwith give them due Correccion. And if any prove incorrigible in such bad manners & wicked Corrupting language & speeches, notwithstanding form warnings admonishions & Correccion that such be expelled y Schoole as pernicious & daungerous examples to ye Rest.

8. That if any of y Schoole Boyes be observed to play, sleep, or behave themselves rudely, or irreverently, or be any way dissorderly att Meeting on y Saboath dayes or any other tymes of ye Publiq worships of God That upon informacion or Complaint thereof to ye due Conviccion of the offender or offenders, The Master shall give them due Correccion to y degree of ye Offence. And y1 all Correccions be wth Moderacion.

"9. That noe Lattine Boyes be allowed upon any pretence (sicknes, and dissability excepted) to withdraw, or absent themselvs from the Schoole, without liberty graunted by the Master, And y' noe such liberty be graunted but upon ticket from y Parents or frends, & on grounds sufficient as in Cases extraordinary or of absolute necessity.

10. That all the Lattin Schollars, & all other of ye Boyes of Competent age and Capacity give the Mr an accompt of one passage or sentence at least of y sermons the foregoing Saboth on ye 24 day morning. And that from 1 to 3 in yr afternoone of every last day of ye week be Improved by y Mr in Catechizing of his Schollars y' are Capeable.'

Condition of the Funds in 1877-8.

I. The £400 allotted to Hartford by the original trustees "for erecting and maintaining a schoole," and received by vote of the inhabitants in town-meeting, "to be employed for the promoting of learning, with whatsoever else is already given or shall be raised to that in ent," is now represented, September 1, 1877, by a fund of $37,580, of which $31,580 is invested in mortgage securi ties, and $6,000 in cash and stocks. The income for the year 1876-7, amounted to $2,662, of which $1,200 was paid to a classical teacher in the Public High School, and $40 to the treasurer-the residue being invested for the enlargement of the capital.

II. The funds of the New Haven Grammar School consisted, in 1877-8, of the school-lot and building, with equipment, on High street, and $3 000 in stock-total about, $20,000.

III. The Hadley Grammar School, or Academy fund. including all donations to the original grammar school, amounted in 1877, to $35,000, and the income to $2,621, of which $1,000 was paid to a classical teacher, who was principal of the Town High School, and $500 to a fema'e assistant in the same.

IV. Of the £100 "given by the trustees to the college at Cambridge in the bay," we find no mention in any printed College document beyond the record of the legacy' credited to Edward Hopkins as having been received in 'corn and meal,' and we have received no satisfac ory account of its past management or present condition, in reply to written and personal applications to the college authori ies in 1853, and in 1878. We cannot accept the plausible inference of President Eliot, that "having been received in meal, it was probably soon eaten up by the students or the corporation." We do not think Mr. Davenport, or Mr. Goodwin, who looked so sharply after their allotments to New Haven and Hadley, failed to remind the president and treasurer of Harvard College of the public ends" of the donor in making his bequest; or that Mr. Davenport, when he came to reside in the neighborhood of the college, and was busy in giving his last instructions respecting the grammar school in New Haven, would overlook any neglect or diversion of the trust at Cambridge. We wait for light from the successors of the college authorities of 1658-64.

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V. The £500 which, according to the will of Gov. Hopkins, should have been conveyed within six months after the dea h of Mrs. Hopkins to the original trustees of the New England estate or their assigns, but which in 1712 with the accumulating interest was conveyed to a new set of trustees in Massachusetts, and applied by them to the College and Grammar School at Cambridge-the original sum, increased by the sale of land donated by the General Court-is now represented by a capital of $53,847, and an unexpended 'Detur Fund' of $1,200. The income of the Hopkins Charity is distributed as follows: 5 per cent. is held as a reserve; of the residue 25 per cent. is paid to Cambridge High School for grammar learning;' and 75 per cent. to Harvard College-7 for prizes for meritorious students, and 67 for students in divini y.

I. EDUCATION:-A NATIONAL INTEREST.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT.

In the ordinance of the Congress of the Confederation in 1785, respecting "the disposing of lands in the Western territory," "section sixteen of every township" was reserved for the maintenance of public schools.

The ordinance of 1787, "for the government of the Territory northwest of the river Ohio," confirmed the ordinance of 1785, and declared "that religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall be forever encouraged."

The Constitution of the United States, after setting forth in the Preamble in words of sublime import the national objects for which the people of the United States had ordained this fundamental law, expressly grants to Congress the power "to dispose" of the public lands and other property-"to exercise exclusive jurisdiction" over the district to be ceded as the seat of government-and "to lay and collect taxes, &c., to provide for the common defense and general welfare.”

In the Convention of 1787, which framed the Constitution, Mr. Charles Pinckney, of South Carolina, on the 29th of May and the 18th of August, and subsequently Mr. Madison, of Virginia, sub. mitted propositions "to provide for the establishment of a National University at the seat of government," "for the advancement of useful knowledge," "and the promotion of agriculture, commerce, trades and manufactures." On the 14th of September, both of these delegates moved to insert in the list of powers vested in Congress, "to establish a university in which no preference or distinction should be allowed on account of religion." This motion was opposed by Gouverneur Morris, of New York, and was lost, as reported by Mr. Madison, expressly on the ground that the power to establish such a university was included in the grant of exclusive legislation over the district in which the government should be located. And as we learn from other sources, and from