Whitaker, W. Title of Paper. Erratic Boulders and Boulder Clay in Castleshaw Valley Some Essex Well Sections. Part II. On a Deep Channel of Drift in the Valley of the Cam, Essex Whitaker, W., and W. H. List of Works on the Geology, etc., of Essex Dalton Whitley, N. Williams, H. W. Winwood, Rev. H. H. Woodward, A. S... A Geological Note On Pembrokeshire as a Field for the Study of Geology Rhætic Section at Luckington, and additional Notes on the Vobster The Application of the Laws of Comparative Osteology to the Paleontology The Fossil Sturgeon of the Whitby Lias Abbreviated Title of Society. Title of Publication. Volume or Part. Page. Published. Manch. Geol. Soc. Essex F. C. Cornw. R. Geol. Soc. Section D.-BIOLOGY. Baker, J. G. White, J. W. North Yorkshire: Studies of its Botany, Geology, Climate, and Physical Yorks. Nat. Union Geography. (Third instalment) Flora of the Bristol Coal-field Trans 3 145 1889 The proposed Technical Instruction Bill and the Science and Art Depart- Stat. Soc. Ireland ment On the Duration of our Coal Supply The Steam Boilers Bill Air Brakes Liv'pool E. Soc Trans. The Purification of Water and Sewage by the Magnetic Spongy Carbon Process Birm. Phil. Soc. .. Proc. 106 * 1889 1890 1889 Some recent Experiments on Iron and Steel and Riveted Joints Application of Atmospheric Air to produce Motive Power The Construction of small Breakwaters, and the Silting they give rise to Liv'pool E. Soc. " Presidential Address Modern Railways and Railway Travelling Proposed Scheme for the Collection, Treatment, and Disposal of the Sew- Glasgow Phil. Soc III. NOTES OF PAPERS ON THE WORKING OF MINES, METALLURGY, ETC., FROM THE TRANSACTIONS OF FOREIGN SOCIETIES AND FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS. COAL-MINING IN NOVA SCOTIA. By E. GILPIN, Jun. The Colliery Engineer (Scranton, Pennsylvania), 1889, In working the Pictou main seam, laying at an angle of 1 in 3, and having a thickness of 38 feet, levels are turned right and left from the pit, and gate-roads are driven uphill at half the angle of the seam every 50 yards. Six bords, 18 feet wide, are turned away as the gateways go up, parallel to the levels, and leaving pillars 8 or 10 yards thick. These bords are 12 to 15 feet high. Rails are laid up the gate-roads and bords, by which the tubs, carrying 12 bushels, are drawn by horses to the faces of the workings and taken down to the level. In working the lower portion of the seam, the same gate-roads are driven level until the bottom of the seam is reached, and then continued as before. The second lift of 15 to 20 feet in thickness is taken out in regular open-cast work, in the old bords already worked in the top section. The pillars are all crushed and lost. In another mine an incline, 10 feet square, is driven from the level to the full rise of the seam for, say, 450 feet, parallel places being also driven for air-ways at the same time, and of smaller dimensions. Double-way of 2-feet gauge is laid in each "balance," upon one of which a carriage is placed to carry the tubs and a balance tub on the other, connected by ropes to a suitable drum with breaks at the top of the incline. The balances are usually about 150 yards apart. The pillar above the level is left 50 feet thick, and the bords, 15 to 18 feet wide and 12 to 15 feet high, start from the balance and run level; cross-cuts are driven for air at intervals of 60 feet. Where the angle of the scam exceeds 25 degs. two other systems are in use. In one, the track in the balance is abolished, and the coal tubs are emptied into the balance itself, and the coal runs on the floor or in a shoot of iron sheets, and is filled into tubs on the level by means of spouts. In the second system the bords are driven on the full rise of the seam from the level and a shoot laid in each one. In the flatter seams the ordinary systems of working are adopted generally. M. W. B. A NEW METHOD OF MINING ANTHRACITE. By W. S. GRESLEY. The Engineering and Mining Journal (New York), 1889, Vol. xlviii., pp. 136-140, and eight figures. Also the Colliery Engineer (Scranton, Pennsylvania), 1889, Vol. x., pp. 32-35, and eight figures. The new system is that of longwall withdrawing, and consists of mining out the entire seam or series of seams of coal or other minerals in one ever-advancing, broad, and continuous face or series of faces, commencing at the most convenient lowest point of the tract to be worked and mining all out upward on the pitch in the direction of the shafts, tunnels, or other openings from the surface. The course or lines of the working faces being kept nearly on the strike, or at right angles to the |