INDUSTRIAL AND BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT IN PRINCIPAL METROPOLITAN AREAS

A comparison of employment and pay rolls in September and October 1940 is made in table 6 for 13 metropolitan areas, each of which had a population of 500,000 or over in 1930. Cities within these areas but having a population of 100,000 or over are not included. Footnotes to the table specify which cities are excluded. Data concerning them have been prepared in a supplementary tabulation which is available on request. The figures represent reports from cooperating establishments and cover both full- and part-time workers in the manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries presented in table 3, with the exception of building construction, and include also. miscellaneous industries.

Revisions made in the figures after they have gone to press, chiefly because of late reports by cooperating firms, are incorporated in the supplementary tabulation mentioned above. This supplementary tabulation covers these 13 metropolitan areas as well as other metropolitan areas and cities having a population of 100,000 or more according to the 1930 Census of Population.

TABLE 6.-Comparison of Employment and Pay Rolls in Identical Establishments in September and October 1940, by Principal Metropolitan Areas

1 Does not include Elizabeth, Jersey City, Newark, or Paterson, N. J., or Yonkers, N. Y.

2 Does not include Gary, Ind.

3 Does not include Camden, N. J.

Does not include Long Beach, Calif.

Does not include Cambridge, Lynn, or Somerville, Mass.

• Does not include Oakland, Calif.

WAGE-RATE CHANGES IN AMERICAN INDUSTRIES

The following table gives information concerning wage-rate adjustments occurring during the month ending October 15, 1940, as shown by reports received from manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments which supply employment data to this Bureau.

As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry and, furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage-rate changes, these figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries.

TABLE 7.-Wage Rate Changes Reported by Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Establishments During Month Ending Oct. 15, 1940 1

1 As the Bureau's survey does not cover all establishments in an industry, and furthermore, as some firms may have failed to report wage changes, the figures should not be construed as representing the total number of wage changes occurring. Figures are not given for some industries to avoid disclosure of information concerning individual establishments. They are, however, included, where practicable, in "all manufacturing," in "all nonmanufacturing," and in the various industry groups.

JANUARY 1941

Agricultural Labor

Agricultural workers under State labor laws. Statement by Clara M. Beyer, Assistant Director, U. S. Division of Labor Standards, before subcommittee of Senate Committee on Education and Labor. Washington, U. S. Department of Labor, Division of Labor Standards, 1940. 13 pp.; mimeographed. The problem of agricultural labor. (In International Labor Review, Geneva, August-September 1940, pp. 95-107.)

Summary of the measures taken in France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Sweden, and Switzerland to combat the shortage of agricultural labor.

Harvest labor distribution and clearance manual. Bismarck, North Dakota State Employment Service, 1940. 55 pp.; mimeographed.

Apprenticeship

Apprenticeship principles for personnel managers. By William F. Patterson. (In Personnel, New York, August 1940, pp. 1-13.)

First of a series of articles being prepared by the staff of the Apprenticeship Unit of the Division of Labor Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, for publication in Personnel. In this first article, the chief of the Apprenticeship Unit outlines its functions and lists and discusses 6 principles of apprenticeship.

Apprentice wage rates. By O. L. Harvey. (In Personnel, New York, November 1940, pp. 108-116.)

Second article on apprenticeship prepared for Personnel in the Apprenticeship Unit of the U. S. Division of Labor Standards.

Consumer Problems

Consumer protection in national defense. By Harriet Elliott. (In Labor Information Bulletin, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, November 1940, pp. 1-3.)

Consumer representation in the New Deal. By Persia Campbell. New York, Columbia University Press, 1940. 298 pp. (Studies in bistory, economics, and public law, No. 477.)

Describes the various agencies in the New Deal, beginning with the Consumers' Advisory Board of the N. R. A., which represent the consumers' viewpoint, and analyzes their policies with reference to programs for the regulation of industry and agriculture.

Product standards and labeling for consumers.

By Alice L. Edwards. New York,

Ronald Press Co., 1940. 134 pp. Summarizes the general procedures of a few outstanding national agencies which foster joint activity in developing and promoting the use of standards and informative labels. Points out certain factors which seem of special importance in insuring the practicability, as well as the economic and social soundness, of standards established under the various procedures.

EDITOR'S NOTE.— -The Bureau of Labor Statistics does not distribute the publications to which reference is made in this list, except those issued by the Bureau itself. For all others, please write to the respective publishing agencies mentioned.

Cooperative Movement

Abstracts of laws pertaining to cooperation in the United States of America, its possessions and territories. New York, Cooperative Project, 625 Madison Avenue, 1940. 350 pp.; mimeographed. (Studies of the Cooperative Project, Series A, Part II; prepared with assistance of Work Projects Administration for City of New York.)

These abstracts cover "cooperation" in a very wide sense, including in that term not only the recognized types such as marketing associations, such partially cooperative types as fraternal consumers' cooperatives, credit unions, etc., but also benefit societies, building and loan associations, physicians' and dentists' associations, salvage corporations, and fair associations. The material is presented State by State, and a topical index shows the specific types of cooperatives covered. The broad groups dealt with in this exhaustive study include agricultural marketing and purchasing cooperatives; consumers' cooperatives; credit Cooperatives; producer cooperatives; cooperative housing, including building and loan associations; cooperative medicine; cooperative insurance; and "acts pertaining to associations not strictly cooperative but involving the application of cooperative principles."

A history of consumers' cooperatives in Oregon prior to 1900. By Iver Willis Masterson. Eugene, 1939. 52 pp., bibliography; mimeographed. (Univer

sity of Oregon thesis series, No. 8.)

A valuable though limited contribution to the history of consumers' cooperation in the United States. Most of the early cooperatives included here-purchasing and insurance associations--were those of the State and local granges.

Statistique des sociétés coopératives [in Bulgaria], 1938. Sofia, Direction Générale de la Statistique, 1940. 143 pp.

Entirely statistical, covering the year 1938, and giving information on both producers' and consumers' associations (including in the latter not only distributive but credit and insurance)-business, membership, employees, and balance sheets. Printed in Bulgarian, but with some equivalents in French.

The cooperative credit movement in Palestine. By Manoah Lavanon Bialik. Ann Arbor, Edwards Bros., Inc., 1940. 128 pp.; mimeographed. Detailed analysis of cooperative credit, including material on mortgage-loan activities in relation to the housing problem in Palestine, central institutions, and an appraisal of the credit movement and its accomplishments and shortcomings. An introductory chapter summarizes the cooperative situation in various countries.

Employment and Unemployment

California employment and pay rolls in 1938. Sacramento, California Department of Employment, 1940. 77 pp., charts; mimeographed. (Report 127.) Study of workers covered by the California Unemployment Insurance Act, classified by industry and by county.

Pennsylvania calendar of seasonal employment. Harrisburg, Bureau of Employment and Unemployment Compensation, 1940. 42 pp., charts.

A summary of the research on seasonal employment being conducted by the Pennsylvania Bureau of Employment and Unemployment Compensation, intended primarily as a reference manual for administrators in directing field workers' contacts with employers and in anticipating periodic unemployment and claims for compensation. Seasonal conditions and employment fluctuations in Pennsylvania are shown, by industry, in a series of tabulations and charts.

The first Wisconsin Conference on Steadier Jobs, Milwaukee, Wis., June 21, 1940. Madison, Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, 1940. 68 pp. The conference, which was sponsored by the Industrial Commission, employer and trade-union groups, and the American Legion, discussed various questions relating to employment stabilization.

The service industries in relation to employment trends. By David Weintraub and Harry Magdoff. (In Econometrica, Chicago, October 1940, pp. 289–311.) Discussion of the extent and significance of the relative trends of employment away from "commodity producing" industries and toward the "service" industries. The probable effect of the defense program on unemployment. (In Conference Board Economic Record, New York, Dec. 5, 1940, pp. 469-471; chart.)

La desocupación en la Argentina, 1940. Buenos Aires, Departamento Nacional del Trabajo, 1940. 57 pp.; processed.

This report on unemployment in Argentina contains an account of the steps being taken by the Government and by private employers to meet the situation, and measures recommended, together with data on unemployment up to September 14, 1940, in the various Provinces and Territories.

Health and Industrial Hygiene

Movements for extension of medical care. (In Information Service of Department of Research and Education, Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, New York, November 23, 1940, pp. 1-8.)

Gives accounts of important experiments in provision of medical care, including group practice, consumers' cooperative associations for medical care, hospital insurance, medical expense indemnity plans, and coordinated service for lowincome families. Summarizes the general situation regarding the adequacy of medical care, problems involved in the provision of such care, and pending legislation, and gives selected references on the whole subject.

Public health administration in the United States. By Wilson G. Smillie. New York, Macmillan Co., 1940. 553 pp.

The author reviews in this revised edition the developments in the field of public health in the past five years. There is a historical account of the development of public-health administration in the United States, and sections on administrative control of communicable diseases, basic activities of a health organization, and organization of public-health programs are also included.

A preliminary survey of the industrial hygiene problem in the United States. By J. J. Bloomfield and others. Washington, U. S. Public Health Service, 1940. 132 pp., charts. (Public health bull. No. 259.)

Based on the results of surveys in 15 States during the period 1936-39 covering 1,487,224 workers in 16,803 plants. The data cover safety measures, hospital and general health-service provisions, and exposure to various materials and conditions.

A study of the effects of exposure to dust in the mining and milling of pyrophyllite. By H. F. Easom, M. D., and others. Raleigh, Division of Industrial Hygiene of North Carolina State Board of Health and Industrial Commission, 1939. 100 pp., bibliography, diagrams, illus.

The study covered 101 present and former employees of the mine. The medical examinations showed no cases of pneumoconiosis among the men having less than two years' exposure to the dust, but of the 43 workers with longer exposure 15, or 35 percent, were affected.

Toxicity and potential dangers of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons a critical review of the literature. By W. F. von Oettingen. Washington, U. S. Public Health Service, 1940. 135 pp., bibliography, charts. (Public health bull. No. 255.)

The first part of the bulletin deals with the toxicity and hazards of the different paraffins, olefines, and other aliphatic hydrocarbons, and the second part, with toxicity and hazards of benzene, toluene, and other compounds of the benzene ring.

Housing and Construction Activities

Progress of public housing in the United States. By Margaret H. Schoenfeld. Washington, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1940. 16 pp. (Serial No. R. 1161, reprint from August 1940 Monthly Labor Review.) The housing status of industrial and university employees in Ann Arbor, Michigan. By Richard U. Ratcliff. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Bureau of Business Research, 1940. 44 pp.; mimeographed. (Report No. 5.) Report of a survey conducted by the questionnaire method.

Russell City [California] survey: Housing and sanitation. By Anne W. Dierup and Bernie Firestone. Los Angeles, State Division of Immigration and Housing, 1940. 25 pp.; mimeographed.

Results of an investigation of living conditions and home ownership in a shack town.