Schul Ordnung, written by Christopher Dock in 1754 and printed in 1770. 18. The earliest American essay upon etiquette was Dock's "Hundert Sitten Regeln," published in 1764. 19. The earliest American bibliography was the catalogue of the works of the Schwenkfelders. 20. The first contribution of real estate to the Pennsylvania Hospital was made by Matthias Koplin, of Perkiomen. 21. The first approximately accurate calculation of the distance of the sun from the earth was made by David Rittenhouse in 1769. Of him Thomas Jefferson said, "He has not, indeed, made a world, but he has approached nearer its maker than any man who has lived from the creation to this day." 22. The first Continental treasurer was Michael Hillegas. 23. The president of the First National Congress was Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg. 24. The first force to reach George Washington after he assumed command at Cambridge, in 1775, was a company from York County, Pennsylvania, under Lieutenant Henry Miller, which had marched over five hundred miles. 25. The first force to reach Abraham Lincoln at Washington in 1861 was composed of five companies from Reading, Allentown, Pottsville, and Lewistown. 26. George Washington was first called the "Father of his Country" in a German almanac printed at Lancaster in 1779. 27. "The schools for young men and women at Bethlehem and Nazareth, under the direction of the people called Moravians, are upon the best establishment of any schools in America."1 28. The earliest American book on entomology was published by Frederick V. Melsheimer, at Hanover, York County, Pennsylvania, in 1806. Thomas Say calls him "The parent of entomology in this country." 29. "The first premium for excellency in printing was adjudged by the Pennsylvania Manufacturing Society to the 1 Payne's "Universal Geography," 1798. 1 publishers of a book in the German language in the inland town of Lancaster."1 30. The richest agricultural county in the United States, according to the returns of the last census, is Lancaster County in Pennsylvania. 31. The Wistar parties, the best known of early social events in Philadelphia, were established by Dr. Caspar Wistar. 32. Simon Snyder, Joseph Hiester, John Andrew Shulze, George Wolf, Joseph Ritner, Francis Rahn Shunk, William Bigler, John F. Hartranft, and James A. Beaver have been Governors of Pennsylvania. 33. Of the two largest telescopes in the world that in California was erected by James Lick, of Lebanon, Pa., and that in Chicago, by Charles T. Yerkes, of Philadelphia. 34. Leidy in science, Gross in surgery, Pepper in medicine, and Cramp in ship-building have reached the highest rank. 35. As a merchant, no American has ever surpassed John Wanamaker. 36. The Germans "have schools and meeting-houses in almost every township through the province, and have more magnificent churches and other places of worship in the city of Philadelphia itself than those of all other persuasions added together." 2 37. The earliest Pennsylvania history of the Revolution was written by Colonel Bernard Hubley, and published at Northumberland in 1806. 38. The earliest original Pennsylvania school-book was the primer of Francis Daniel Pastorius, published in 1698. 39. Our knowledge of the language, manners, and customs of the aborigines of Pennsylvania is mainly due to the Moravians, Zeisberger and Heckewelder. 40. From 1732 to 1760 our relations with the Indians were conducted by Conrad Weiser. 41. The savages who defeated the Englishman Braddock 1 Tench Coxe's "View of the United States," 1794. 2 Answer to an invidious pamphlet, 1755, p. 73. in 1755 were overthrown by the Swiss-German Bouquet in 1764. 42. On the 17th of Ninth month, 1686, before the Provincial Council"The Petition of Abraham op den Graeff was read for ye Gov'rs promise to him should make the first and finest pece of linnen cloath."1 43. Before the Revolutionary War there were more newspapers printed in German in Pennsylvania than in English. 44. The earliest effort in Pennsylvania in behalf of the adoption of the Federal Constitution was a petition from two hundred and fifty of the residents of Germantown.2 45. Of the nineteen members of the Pennsylvania Assembly who voted against the submission of that Constitution to a vote of the people, not one was a German, and of the forty-three who voted in favor of it, twelve were Germans.3 46. When Whittier wrote, "Thank God for the token! one lip is still free- Are bow'd at an Idol polluted with blood; And the lip of her honor is low in the dust,— he referred to Governor Joseph Ritner, of Pennsylvania. 47. Whittier's Pennsylvania Pilgrim was Francis Daniel Pastorius. 48. When Thomas Buchanan Read wrote, "Then from his patriot tongue of flame The startling words of freedom came. The stirring sentences he spake 1 "Colonial Records," Vol. I. p. 193. And rising on his theme's broad wing, In face of death he dared to fling he referred to General Peter Muhlenberg. VOL. XXII.-30 "A NOTE FOR MR. FRANKLIN." [Translated by Albert J. Edmunds, from the original French manuscript in the "Franklin Papers" of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. It is without date, and endorsed in English "Good Advice," probably by Franklin.] "The cause of the Americans has interested and warmed my heart. What a difference there is between our wars, undertaken for some boundaries unknown or at least indifferent to the people who take part in them, and the war which a whole nation is manifestly forced to sustain which fights for its freedom, after having exhausted all practicable means of moderation, and even of submission, toward the mother country, in order to obtain that treatment on the footing of equality which the self-interest of the metropolis ought to assure it for ever. Already long known in Europe by his interesting discoveries in Physics and by the superiority wherewith he has defended the interests of the Colonies, Mr. Franklin arrives in France charged with the powers of the General Congress. "The confidence of this assembly is praise enough of his abilities and his talents. But perhaps the Congress is ignorant of some details, the knowledge of which will be useful to him, I believe, for the success of his mission. "In America, the interest of all decides the general wish; in the governments of Europe, on the contrary, the general interest nearly always gives place to the particular. "All peoples have the love of freedom in their heart: the French nation has it, perhaps, as much as any other on earth. "The French have seen with enthusiasm the efforts made by North America to deliver herself from the oppression wherewith she has been menaced; and, apart from every |