88

Mr. Evarts to Mr. Thomas
A. Osborn (No. 115).

1880. Dec. 27

89

90

Mr. Thomas A. Osborn to
Mr. Evarts (No. 187).
Same to same (No. 190).

1881. Jan. 3 Jan. 14

91

Mr. Evarts to Mr. Thomas
A. Osborn (No. 119).

92

Mr. Thomas A. Osborn to
Mr. Evarts (No. 195).

93

Arbitration: Instructed to correct erroneous
impression that the United States would not
cheerfully act as arbitrator, which a certain re-
mark made by him during peace conference
may have caused.

Guano bonds of Peru: Statement of position of
Chili respecting payment of.
Arbitration between Chili and Colombia: Desig-
nation of President of the United States as ar-
bitrator; Chili asks whether the President will
accept the position; Mr. Osborn replies in the
affirmative; correspondence inclosed; reply to
No. 108.

Feb. 10 Peace question: Urges upon Chili the desire of
the United States to bring about peace; now
that the Chilians have captured Lima and Cal.
lao, it is believed that Peru will accept media-
tion of the United States upon any reasonable
terms; advises him of instruction of this date
to Mr. Christiancy.

Feb. 24 Peace conference: Vindication of remarks made
by him during it, in regard to arbitration; they
did not make any erroneous impression on Chili
as to disposition of the United States; reply to
No. 115.

Mr. Thomas A. Osborn to Mar. 23 Peace question: No prospects of early solution of;
Mr. Blaine (No. 198).

Apr. 5

the situation in Peru; attitude of Chili; Mr.
Osborn will do all in his power to effect an early
peace. Chilian general's account of capture of
Lima and its immediate antecedents inclosed.
Peace question: Prospects for solution of, very
remote; Chili's hopes in the Calderon govern.
ment of Peru have been greatly weakened; de-
moralization in Peru prevents establishment of
a stable government; course which Chili may
adopt.
Mediation: Great Britain, France, and Italy tender
their mediation to Chili; it is rejected by Chili;
the Europeans neither dissatisfied nor disap-
pointed.
May 7 Peace question: Determination of Chili to strength-
en the Calderon government in Peru and to
treat with it for peace; Mr. Godoy, former min-
ister to the United States, goes to Lima in
charge of negotiations; recommends Chili's
course; advice given her by Mr. Osborn; she
will certainly insist upon cession of Tarapaca
and possibly Mosquegua.

95 Same to same (No. 202).....

Apr. 6

97

Mr. Thomas A. Osborn to
Mr. Blaine (No. 210).

June Boundary dispute between Chili and Argentine
Republic: President Pinto's message on this
subject; a speedy settlement probable.
June 13 Boundary dispute between Chili and Argentine
Republic: Chilian Government to be informed
of the attitude of United States in favor of
international arbitration as a means of avert-
ing war; and the willingness of the United
States to aid in effecting such an object, as
shown by her efforts in the conference of Arica;
and while not seeking, would readily act as
arbitrator, if desired by the parties; similar
instruction has been sent to Mr. T. A. Osborn.

Mr. Blaine to Mr. Kilpatrick June 15 Intervention: Instructed to encourage disposition
(No. 2).

of Chili to restore self-government in Peru; to
urge Chili to enter into negotiations for peace
before deciding to take portion of Pern as war
indemnity, and to endeavor to have European
intervention excluded from adjustment of the
peace question.

Mr. Thomas A. Osborn to July 22 Boundary dispute between Chili and Argentine
Mr. Blaine (No. 219).

Mr. Kilpatrick to Mr. Blaine Aug. 15 (No. 3).

102 Mr. Kilpatrick to Mr. Blaine Oct. 14 (No. 8).

Policy of the United States: Erroneous and disqui-
eting statement by Minister Hurlbut at Lima
concerning; denial of its truths and counterac
tion of its effects by Mr. Kilpatrick reported;
note to Minister Balmaceda inclosed.

103 Mr. Blaine to Mr. Kilpatrick Nov. 22 Peace question: His note to the foreign office to
(No. 13).

allay apprehension and correct false impression
produced by the United States minister at Lima
strongly disapproved; Chili had no grounds for
apprehension, and should not have applied to
legation; her course in suppressing Calderon
government unintelligible in view of her pre-
vious assurances, reported in legation's No. 3;
arrest of Calderon regretted; hopes it is not
intended as a rebuke to the United States on
account of differences between him and his col-
league at Lima; a special envoy will be sent to
endeavor to arrange a peace; reply to No. 8.

104 Same to same (telegram).... Nov. 25 Calderon government: Its suppression and arrest

of President Calderon are not understood by
United States; special envoy leaves Washing-
ton for Chili immediately, and it is hoped that
further action will await his arrival.

105 Same to same (No. 16)...... Nov. 30 Relieves him of negotiations for solution of peace

question; informs him as to appointment and
powers of Mr. Trescot as special envoy extraor
dinary and minister plenipotentiary to conduct
such negotiations; appointment of Third Assist-
ant Secretary of State as assistant to Mr. Tres-
cot; Mr. Kilpatrick expected to aid Mr. Trescot.

106 Mr. Elaine to Mr. Trescot, Nov. 30 Personal instructions as special envoy extraordi-
(No. 1).

107 Mr. Blaine to Mr. Walker Nov. 30 Blaine.

108 Mr. Blaine to Mr. Trescot Dec.

1

(No. 2).

nary and minister plenipotentiary to Chili, Peru,
and Bolivia to negotiate for solution of peace
question.

Personal instruction as attaché to special mission
for settlement of the peace question.
Reviews previous instructions and steps which
led to recognition of Calderon government; the
act an adoption of policy friendly to Chili; it
was followed by Chilian military order forbid-
ding Calderon government to exercise its func-
tions; President will not assume this as done
in consequence of the recognition by the United
States; if such a motive should be avowed,
Mr. Trescot instructed to say that it is re-
garded as an intentional offense, and to suspend
diplomatic intercourse, but he may receive any
explanation which does not involve a disavowal
of Mr. Hurlbut. The United States wishes first
to stop bloodshed and misery; second, to take
care that the Government of the United States
is treated with the consideration to which it is
entitled, and would be satisfied with manifesta-
tion of purpose in Chili either to restore Cal-
deron government or establish one which will
be allowed freedom of action in negotiations.
Should Chili refuse to allow formation of gov
ernment not pledged to consent to cession of
territory, he is to express dissatisfaction of the
United States. The United States recognizes
Chili's right to adequate indemnity and guaran-
ty, but that the exercise of the right of abso
lute conquest is dangerous; and the United
States think that Peru has the right to demand
an opportunity to find indemnity and guaranty
without cession of territory. The prohibition
of the formation of a government is practical
extinction of the State. If good offices are re-
fused on this basis, the United States holds it-
self free to appeal to the other republics of the
continent to join with it. Instructions given in
accordance, and a temporary convention coun-
seled.

109 Mr. Kilpatrick to Mr. Blaine Dec. 2 Peace question: Chili promised Mr. Kilpatrick

(No. 9).

that she would not demand cession of territory
as absolute condition, and that she would build
up and strengthen Calderon's government;
these promises would have been fulfilled but
for the representations made by Mr. Hurlbut
of the attitude of the United States. Reasons

138

139

141

141

142

143

143

149

113

1880. Mr. Valderrama to Mr. Asta- Nov. 11 Buruaga.

114

Same to same...

115

Same to same..

Nov. 22

Nov. 22

1881.

116 Mr. Martinez to Mr. Hitt.... May 6 117 Mr. Martinez to Mr. Blaine. Oct. 24

118

Same to same....

119

Oct. 27

Peace conference: Expressing regret at failure
thereof, but sincere thanks for mediation and
good disposition of the United States, and com-
mending conduct of Mr. Osborn.

Peace conference: Chili not to blame for failure
of; she would not have accepted mediation of
the United States and gone into the conference
had she not been assured by Mr. Christiancy
that Peru would cede Tarapaca.
Peace conference: Embarrassing misrepresenta-
tions of Chili's attitude regarding acceptance of
mediation of the United States; commendation
of Mr. Osborn's course.
Protectorate over Peru: Vehemently denies rumor
that Chili intends to establish the same.
Complains of the conduct of Mr. Hurlbut, the
United States minister at Lima; extracts from
newspapers inclosed, which give the cause of
complaint.

Unfriendly attitude of Mr. Hurlbut towards Chili:
Mr. Martinez incloses a note from his govern-
ment instructing him to ascertain if views of
the United States are in accord with those of
Mr. Hurlbut.

Same to same (No. 28)....... Oct. 27 Boundary dispute between Chili and Argentine

120

Same to same..

121

Republic: Treaty for settlement of, concluded;
ratified by Congresses of both nations; acknowl
edgment of the services of Minister Osborn.

Oct. 28 Suppression of the Calderon government of Peru
by Chili Propriety with which the Chilian
commander proceeded in the matter set forth.

Mr. Blaine to Mr. Martinez.. Nov. 15 Boundary dispute between Chili and Argentine

Republic: Gratification of United States at the
settlement of, and the acknowledgment of the
part taken by representatives of the United
States.

Peace question: Sets forth illusory hopes and im-
pertinent attitude of the Peruvians and the ob-
roxious officiousness of the United States min-
ister at Lima, which, if persisted in, will render
peace impossible; denies rumors that Chili's de-
mands upon Peru are inequitable and her rule
cruel.
Calderon government: Announces the imprison-
ment of President Calderon by Chili; reasons
for; states that Chili never recognized Calderon.
Peruvian General Montero has accepted the
vice-presidency, and a Peruvian committee has
started from Lima to bring about a peace through
Montero. Gives number of forces under Pierola
and his adherents. Peru unwilling to make
peace upon terms proposed by Chili.

1880.

124 The Commission to Mr. Sept. 27 Evarts (No. 4).

Subject.

Immigration treaty commission: Pao Chün and
Li Hung Tsao appointed commissioners by the
Chinese Government.

125 Mr. Angell to Mr. Evarts Oct. 6 General pilotage regulations: Circular letter is-
(No.25).
sued to consuls in China; modifications in ar-
ticles 3 and 4 suggested.

126 The Commission to Mr. Oct. 11 Immigration treaty: Full powers exchanged; pur-
Evarts (No. 6).

127 Same to same (No. 8)

pose of United States; difficulties on account
of excessive immigration of Chinese, and desire
to modify exis ing treaties; response received,
a copy of which and memorandum inclosed.
Oct. 23 Immigration treaty: The response of the Chinese
commissioners discussed; draft of modifications
of existing treaties thought necessary to effect
our object; communication from commissioners
followed by a conference and discussion; they
showed desire to bring matters to an early and
amicable solution; copies inclosed.

128 Mr. Angell to Mr. Evarts Nov. 2 Shanghai harbor improvement: Chinese author-
(No. 42).

ities unwilling that Woosung Bar should be
dredged; memorandum of foreign board, and
Mr. Denny's note to Mr. Angell, giving state-
ment of expenses incurred by vessels crossing

the bar.

129 The Commission to Mr. Nov. 3 Immigration treaty: Précis of conversation of

Evarts (No. 11).

130 Same to same (No. 12)

October 23; conference October 31, when Chi-
nese commissioners submitted project of a
treaty; objections: first, the limitation of the
treaty; Chinese immigration into California;
second, that the limitation should be confined
only to the entry of Chinese labor; United
States commissioners sent Chinese commission-
ers a draft of a counter project.

Nov. 6 Immigration treaty: Articles of, agreed upon; es
sential point that the United States should
have the right "to regulate, limit, or suspend"
the immigration of Chinese labor provided for
in article 2; will probably conclude a treaty
for extension of trade with United States; two
of commissioners will return with the treaty.

131 Mr. Angell to Mr. Evarts Nov. 16 Tonnage dues and duties on imports: Discrimina-
(No. 48).

tion against American goods and vessels: none
in the law, as explained in reply of Prince Kung;
communications of Consul-General Denny Con-
suls Wingate and others, showing how dis-
crimination is effected by "squeezes.".

132 The Commission to Mr. Nov. 17 Immigration treaty: Review of points discussed
Evarts (No. 13).

133 Same to same (No. 14)

134 Same to same (No. 15).

by the commission; Chinese at first not disposed
to consent to abrogation of provisions of Bur-
lingame treaty, but finally consented to use of
word "regulate" instead of "prohibit"; this
language imposes no conditions upon discretion
of United States as to immigration.

Nov. 17 Immigration treaty: commercial treaty signed
same day as; a stipulation inserted as to ton-
nage dues; the admission of defendants' na-
tional official authority at trials; article as to
opium the result of mutual concessions; subjects
of diplomatic intercourse with Chinese officials,
lekin taxation, and transit passes left unsettled.
Nov. 17 Immigration treaty: On the subject of lekin tax
and transit passes the Chinese Government
is disposed to accept the rule that import duty
paid, once for all, at port of entry shall protect
foreign importation from all other duties; the
question as to the amount of duty is to be re-
ferred back to each government for considera-
tion and instruction; Messrs. Trescot and Swift
start on the 20th, bringing treaties.

135 Mr. Angell to Mr. Evarts Nov. 20 Ship James Bailey: Wrecked off the coast of Hai-
(No.49).

nan; kind assistance to the crew by acting
British consul at Hoihow.
Official-intercourse question: Incloses report of
adjustment of.

Outward transit-pass rules: The Yamen proposed
alterations in the rules; reply to it of diplomatic
body, through Mr. Von Brandt copies of papers
inclosed, asking reason for objecting to rules.

Page.

168

169

171

174

179

182

189

190

195

198

200

204

205

207

CHINA-Continued.

No.

From and to whom.

Date.

138

139

1880.

Messrs. Swift and Trescot Nov. 29 to Mr. Evarts.

Mr. Angell to Mr. Evarts Nov. 30 (No. 58).

140

Same to samo (No. 59).....

Nov. 30

141

Subject.

Immigration treaty: Commissioners arrive at
Shanghai November 27; Mr. Trescot will take
steamer at Yokohama, bringing treaties with
him, December 8.

Taxation of goods imported into China: Action of
diplomatic corps reported; copies of replies of
consuls as to tonnage dues and duties on im-
ports and exports inclosed.

Tonnage dues and duties on imports and exports:
No discrimination as to vessels which report to
the foreign customs; it is difficult to find out
the practice in respect to the junks.

Same to same (No. 60)....... Nov. 30 Mixed court of Shanghai: Circular of Mr. Parry

that foreign consuls are in part responsible for
inhuman practices employed in the court; con.
sul-general's answer to the intimation show-
ing that the consuls have done all that they
could, as under Chinese laws, they can only
protest against proceedings, but are without
power to act beyond that.

Dec. 3 Opium trade: Action of United States minister in
remedying the evil effects of; paper by Mr. Pe-
thick; statistics given; China pays more for
opium annually than she receives for her tea

crop.

143 Same to same (No. 75)....... Dec. 20 Question of official intercourse of foreign repre

144

Same to same (No. 81)...................

Dec. 29

sentatives with native officers: Satisfactory ad-
justment of; circular for information of consuls
as to their mode of intercourse with governor,
or governor-general of province; etiquette that
of host and guest.

Patent rights in China and Japan: Propriety of
providing for by treaties: more easy and im-
portant in Japan than in China; Chinese do not
look favorably upon labor-saving machines.
Public hospital at Tientsin: Erection of, out of
contributions of Chinese officials; this recogni
tion of western methods of medical, surgical, and
benevolent care of the sick is very gratifying;
tends to facilitate the transaction of public busi-
ness with them according to American methods.

Great Northern Telegraph Company: Contract
signed by, to construct a line from Shanghai to
Tien Tsin and Peking; government has given its
consent to the enterprise; viceroy is working
in the interest of a railroad from Chinkiang to
Peking; the people oppose these enterprises.

147 Same to same (No. 94)....... Jan. 13 Lekin tax and duty on imports: Proposition to

abolish the lekin, and increase of duty on im
ports from 5 per cent. to 11 per cent.; diplo-
matic body thinks the government can be
bronght to accept 10 per cent. instead of 111
per cent.; this will be on condition of the es-
tablishment of a court of reclamation for re-
turn of lekin tax that may have been paid ille-
gally.
Outward transit-pass rules: Yamen asks for lists
of native articles by treaty duty free; still in-
sists on proposed alterations; diplomatic body
adheres to original rules except that Rule II be
made more specific; reply of foreign office.
Dispute between China and Japan concerning the
Lew Chew islands: The commission appointed
by the two governments, at suggestion of Gen-
eral Grant, fail to complete the treaty; Mr. Shi-
sido, Japanese commissioner, withdraws from
Peking because of refusal of the Chinese com-
missioners to sign the treaties; copy of his ar
gument inclosed.
Death of Shen-Kuei-fen, assistant general secre-
tary of state, president of the board of war:
Copy of imperial decree relative to, inclosed.
Feb. 28 Duties and import dues: Objectionable change in
regulations for trade on the Yangtse-Kiang;
owners of chartered junks will be compelled to
pay port dues and lekin dues on cargo; it is
justified as the enforcement of an old provision
of the treaty of 1863.

Feb. 9