1. 2. 3. 4. Bibliography of Chalk 1888 Hill, Robert T., "The Neozoic Geology of Southwestern Arkansas."Annual Report of the Arkansas Geological Survey for 1888, Vol. II. Now out of print, but may be consulted in public or scientific libraries. 1890 Hopkins, T. C., "Marbles and Other Limestones."-Annual Report of the Arkansas Geological Survey for 1890, Vol. IV. Now out of print, but may be consulted in public or scientific libraries. 1902 Taff, Joseph A., "Chalk in Southwestern Arkansas."-Twenty-second Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, Part III, pp. 687-742. Now out of print, but may be consulted in public or scientific libraries. Taff, Joseph A., "Notice of Report on Chalk, Etc."-Arkansas Democrat, Semi-Weekly, May 7, 1902. Obtainable from Arkansas Democrat, Little Rock, Ark. 1905 5. 6. Eckel, E. C., "Portland Cement Materials and Industry in the United States."-U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 243, 395 pp., 15 pls. Now out of print, but may be consulted in public libraries. 1913 Eckel, E. C., "Portland Cement Materials and Industry in the United States."-U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin No. 522, 401 pp., 19 pls.-Now out of print, but may be consulted in public libraries. 1924 7. Drake, N. F., "Mineral Fertilizers in Arkansas."-Obtainable from Bureau of Mines, Manufactures and Agriculture, State Capitol Building, Little Rock, Ark. The clays of Arkansas constitute one of her great natural assets. These are widely distributed and are found in great abundance and variety. Since the distribution of clays is related immediately to the distribution of geologic formations, a description of the clays is best understood by a description of the geology of the State. From the standpoint of those interested in clay, the State may be divided into five major provinces: (1) The Coastal Plain area (areas 1, 2, 3 and 4 above); (2) The Carboniferous area, which lies between the Boston Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains, and also between the Ouachita Mountains and the Coastal Plain (area 5 above); (3) The Ozark Plateau area (area 6 above); (4) The Ouachita Mountain area (area 7 above) (5) The Igneous area, in which altered syenite is located (area 8). Since the character of the clay deposits is directly dependent upon the geologic formations from which they are derived, the ac companying map has been prepared to emphasize the nature of this. relationship. Regions 1, 2, 3 and 4 make up the Arkansas portion of the Coastal Plain of southern United States. This is the most important clay region of the State and is comparatively recent unconsolidated sediments, the larger proportion of which is clay. Area No. 1 is the fresh water-overflow portion of the Coastal Plain, which is comparatively flat over large areas and covered with fresh water sediments carried down by waters which formerly drained from the north across this region. The clays in the eastern portion of this area are, as a rule, rather low-grade buckshot material which can be used for brick making. However, in the eastern part of this area, in Mississippi county and in the St. Francis River basin, the sand predominates to such an extent as to make the clays unfit for brick manufacture. The western and southern portions of this area lying west of the White River, contain widely distributed brick and tile clays. The higher portion of Area No. 2, known as Crowley's Ridge, is made up principally of loess soil, which forms an excellent brick clay. The lower portions of the ridge contain fire clays of good grade. Pottery clays probably lie in the more deeply exposed portions of the ridge which are made up of Tertiary beds. Area No. 3 is made up of rolling country and contains the best clays in the State, both in point of quality and quantity. The surface beds are also the Tertiary beds. Excellent pottery and stone ware clays are found in Dallas, Cleveland, Hempstead. Bradley, Ouachita, Columbia, Union, Grant, Hot Spring, Pulaski, Saline, Miller, Ashley and Drew Counties. For specific clay localities see below. High-grade kaolins are located in Pulaski county. At Benton, in Saline county, an art pottery known as the Niloak Pottery is located. This art ware is well known in the country for its spiral color distribution. It is made from multi-colored Tertiary kaolin found near Benton. Area No. 4, the Cretaceous area, is in many respects similar to Area No. 3, except that many of the beds are marls, chalky marls, and chalks. Brick and tile clays are found, however, in this district, and there is one deposit of high grade kaolin in the northern part of the area near Delight, Pike county. See following list for specific localities. In Area No. 5, the clays consist principally of shales, which are found in place, and also of alluvial clays of recent age which are located in the river bottoms and other lowland areas. The clays in this area are widely distributed and are suitable for the manufacture of brick, tile, drains, and, to some extent, fire brick. There is not a county in this entire area in which fairly good brick clays cannot be found. In Area No. 6, the Ozark Plateau area, the surface is composed largely of limestone, dolomites, and a few sandstone and shale beds. The clays are unevenly distributed in this area and are of little commercial value. These clays are much less abundant than they are in the Boston Mountains and in the Carboniferous rocks farther south. In Area No. 7, which includes the Ouachita Mountain region, the beds are made up of steeply folded novaculite, slate, chert, limestone, and shale. There are many beds of shale distributed through this region which may be used for manufacture of brick. Area No. 8, located on the Coastal Plain beds, contains some primary and pisolitic kaolin and bauxites derived from intrusions of syenite ("blue granite"). Plants and Production According to the 1925 severance tax records, the following Arkansas clay-products industries were active during that year and produced the quantities of clay indicated: Acme Brick Company, Fort Worth, Tex., brick works at Perla and Fort Smith, Ark.. Arkansas Brick & Tile ompany (New Acme Brick 40,498.00 tons 21,366.00 cubic yards 10,170.00 (no unit given) 92,532.00 cubic yards 29,282.00 (no unit given) Barton Lumber & Brick Company, Jonesboro, Ark. 2,344.00 cubic yards Hope Brick Works, Hope, Ark.. Niloak and Eagle Potteries, Benton, Ark.. arkana, Ark.. Total. 2,831.00 cubic yards 9,200.00 (no unit given) 820.00 cubic yards 14,856.00 cubic yards 17,346.00 cubic yards .152,095.30 cubic yards 40,498.00 tons 48,652.00 (no unit given) Excellent coal is obtainable from the fields in the western part of the Arkansas River Valley, and oil and gas from fields in Union, Ouachita, Columbia, and Nevada counties. Natural gas is supplied by a line which extends from Shreveport, La., through Hope, Gurdon, Malvern, and Benton to Little Rock, with branch lines to Pine Bluff and Hot Springs; and the Massard Prairie, Alma, and KiblerWilliams gas fields supply Fort Smith and vicinity with an abundance of cheap fuel. The transportation systems of the State are well developed, both in the Coastal Plain and Arkansas Valley regions. Value of Arkansas Clay Products, According to U. S. |