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Sand and Gravel Production, According to U. S. Geological
Survey Figures

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1.

Bibliography of Sand and Gravel

1889

Call, R. E., "The Geology of Crowley's Ridge."-Annual Report of the Arkansas Geological Survey for 1889, Vol. II. Now out of print, but may be consulted in public or scientific libraries.

1906

2.

3.

4.

Veatch, A. C., "Geology and Underground Water Resources of Northern Louisiana and Southern Arkansas."-Professional Paper No. 46 of the U. S. Geological Survey. Now out of print, but may be consulted in public or scientific libraries.

1916

Stephenson, L. W., and Crider, A. F., "Geology and Ground Waters of Northeastern Arkansas."-Water Supply Paper No. 399 of the U. S. Geological Survey. Now out of print, but may be consulted in public or scientific libraries.

1918

Miser, H. D., and Purdue, A. H., "Gravel Deposits of the Caddo GapDe Queen Quadrangles, Arkansas."-Bulletin No. 690 of the U. S. Geological Survey. Now out of print, but may be consulted in public or scientific libraries.

MAP SHOWING SLATE AND NOVACULITE AREA IN ARKANSAS

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BROKER ARE CONNA, POLK CREEK SHALE, AND OUACHITA SHALE

DISTRIBUTED THROUGH STANLEY SHALE FORKMT

SCALE $ 10

ARK CEOL SURVEY
BRANNER
STATE CEOLOCIST

1928

MILES

SLATE

The slate region of Arkansas is confined to the central portion of the Ouachita Uplift and covers portions of Polk, Montgomery, Garland and Saline Counties, as shown on the accompanying map. All of the deposits which have been developed commercially lie in western Montgomery and eastern Polk Counties, as shown.

The subject of the Arkansas slates has been covered in the State Geological Survey report for 1909, "Slates in Arkansas," by A. H. Purdue, and the following is taken from it:

"Physical Tests.-The following specimens were collected and submitted to the Structural Materials Testing Laboratories of the U. S. Geological Survey at Forest Park, St. Louis, for transverse pressure, absorption, and physical tests, and for chemical analyses. The results are herewith published.

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1.94

1.00 9 1.97 0.98 do. 1.99 0.97 do.

920 959 920

.0134 6,400 6,430,000 .0004.0089 .0105.0010.0243.0286 2.8132.738 0150 6,840 6,040,000 .0004 .0075.0095.0012.02050260 2.8162.747 0170 6,630 5,470,000 .0003 .0087.0101.0009.0238.0276 2.744 6,620 5,980,000 .0004.0084 0100.0010.0229.0274 2.8152.743.0256 170.9 1.98 0.28 12 59.0430 6,840 13,420,000.0037 .0160 .0189.0094 .0409.0481 2.696 2.550 158.9 1.95 0.26 do. 56 .0790 7,640 8,820,000.0012 .0114 .0146.0031.0293 0375 2.702 2.564 2.05 0.27 do. 80 0855 9,640 11,030,000.0041.0167.0201.0105.0425 .0512

170.6

171.1

171.0

159.7

2.544

3

Misc. 143

Average

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2.04
2.03

791

1 09 12 400 .0252 2,970 2,620,000.0014.0076.0114.0040 0210 03142.860 2.771
1.02 do. 318 .0134 2,710 4,810,000 .0010.0081.0093.0027.0225.0257 2.854 2.767
0233 6,880 6,920,000.0015.0080.0093.0041.0221.0257

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1.93

100000

123

123

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9

Average

11

Average

8

Average

Misc. 149

Misc. 150

Misc. 148

10 Misc. 148

Average

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*These tests were made at the Structural Materials Testing Laboratories of the U. S. Geological Survey, St. Louis, Mo. NOTE: Specific Gravities corrected at 70° F.

158.5

8,040 11,090,000.0030.0147.0179 0077.0376 0456 2.699 2.553.0541 159.0 0600 8,990 11,820,000.0026 0113.0121.0072.0310.03322.862 2.748 171.2 64 .0560 7,980 12,420,000 .0009 .0087 .0114.0025.0241.03152.857 2.776 0615 8,600 11,570,000.0013 .0112 .0122.0036.0307.0334 2.741

2.07 0.30 12 93
1.98 0.27 do.
1.99 0.29 do. 80

173.0

170.8

8,520 11,940,000.0016.0104.0119.0044.02860327 2.860 2.755 0367 171.7 1.94 0.85 12 210 2,700 2,900,000.0023.0120.0157.0058 .0305 .0402 2.705 2.557 2.04 0.77 do. 279 0405 4,150 3,150,000.0033 .0153 .0193.0083 .0390 .0491 2.704 2.544 1.94 0.78 do. 388 .0335 5,920 6,010,000.0024 .0121.0156.0062.0309.0397 2.553 4,260 4,020,000.0027.0131.0169.0068 .0335.0430 2.705 2.551

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2.00 0.22 4 120

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4,190 4,780,000.0013 .0079 .0100.0036.0219.0276 2.857 2.769 0308 172.5 350660 5,390 9,240,000.0010 0089.0109.0028.0243.03002.805 2.739 9,370 10,290,000.0013 .0089 .0107

170.6

2.810

.0740 6,380 8,060,000.0011.0090.0113.0029 .0246.0310

2.733

170.3

7,050 9,200,000.0011.0089 .0110.0029.0245.0305 2.808 2.736 0256 170.5 0317 8,760 13,150,000.0010 .0073.0088.0029 0203.0244 2.8492.764 0358 12,590 19,530,000.0010 .0081.0091.0029 0227.0256 2.845 2.806 7,440 .0009.0082 .0091 .0026 .0229.0255 2.789 9,600 16,340,000.0010.0079.0090.0028.0220 02522.847 2.786

172.2

174.8

173.8

0214 173.6

1.97 0.53 9 139 .0181 3,390 4,720,000.0183 .0410.0410.0467.1045.1045 2 .828 2.552
1.94 0.51 do. 155 .0181 4,150 6,090,000.0185.0402.0404.0471.1023 1029 2.8302.546
0206 3,620 4,500,000.0084.0365.0365 0216.0941.0941
2.576

159.0

158.6

160.5

3,720 5,100,000.0151.0392.0393.0385.1003.10052.829 2.558.0958 159.4 0265 4,810 9,820,000.0016 .0094 .0101.0045.0263.0283 2.863 2 801 0330 6,410 9,410,000.0010.0081.0096 0028.0227 0272 2.866 2.822 0250 5,760 15,810,000.0010.0089.0098 0027 0252.0279

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0378 2,570 4,250,000.0072.0257.0257 0194 0689.0689 2.857 2.682 1.97 0.14 do. 18 .0440 4,890 6,340,000.0067.0251.0253 0180.0672.0677 2.676

167.1 166.7

3,680 5,440,000.0076.0253 0255.0187.0681.0683 2.856 2.679 0620 166.9 0440 3,940 3,550,000.0046.0228 0229 0124 0613 0617 2 862 2.691 .0300 3,520 4,420,000.0062 0243 0243 0167 0652 0652 2 860 2.683 0180 3,450 6,480,000.0061.0241.0244 0163 0640 .0648 2.658

167.6

167.1

165.6

3,640 4,820,000.0056.0237.0239 0151 0635 0639 2 861 2.677 0643 166 8

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Composition. "Slate may be defined as any rock that has the property of parting along parallel planes developed to such an extent that it may be split into thin plates with even surfaces. This property of parting is called cleavage.

"As to color, slate may be black, purple, red or green. Black slate, like black shale, owes its color to finely divided carbonaceous matter deposited with the shale from which the slate was derived; purple slate to a mixture of iron oxide, Fe2O and chlorite; red slate to the presence of iron oxide; and green slate probably to the presence of a large amount of chlorite.

Uses. "Most of the slate quarried in Arkansas is sold for roofing, though a large amount is used for other purposes, such as floor

*Owing to the large amount of volatile organic material it is impossible to determine the ferrous oxide-consequently all iron has been assumed as being present in the lowest state and calculated as such.

ing, blackboards, school slates, electric switchboards, table tops, wainscoting and vats. Probably the greatest demand at present, aside from roofing purposes, is for switchboards.

Occurrence. "The area in which the slates of Arkansas are located includes a part of the Ouachita Mountains and extends from near Little Rock westward to near Mena. Its length is about 100 miles and its average width probably is about fifteen miles. It includes parts of Saline, Garland, Montgomery and Polk Counties.

"There are five formations of the Ouachita Range that contain slate. These are the Ouachita shale, the Polk Creek shale, the Missouri Mountain slate, the Fork Mountain slate and the Stanley shale. Only the three last named have been prospected to any extent, and most of the prospecting and developing has been done in the Missouri Mountain slate.

"The Ouachita Shale.-The Ouachita shale is the surface rock about Black Springs and elsewhere in the Caddo Basin, Montgomery County. Its area over the Ouachita Range is not known, but it is greater than the area of all the other slate formations combined. As its name implies, it is mainly a shale, there being usually no indication of slaty cleavage; but in places slaty cleavage is well developed, and in such parts is conspicuous in the stream beds, by the road side, and in other places where the formation is exposed. Some of this slate is sufficiently indurated for roofing slate, but usually it is too soft to long withstand the weathering agencies. Also, it is in all places where observed so closely joined as to prevent the quarrying of blocks of commercial size. Besides, its banded or "ribbon" structure would prevent its being desirable commercial slate, even though it possessed all the other requisite qualities.

"The Polk Creek Shale.-The Polk Creek shale is only about 100 feet thick, and this, with the folded nature of the region, causes it to outcrop as narrow belts, which usually are found along the bases of the mountains. This, like the formation above described, is commonly a shale, though locally slaty cleavage is well developed in it. In places this slate is banded, but in others it is of a uniform black color, hard, possessing a high metallic ring and containing large numbers of graptolite fossils. Jointing is very common in this, in both the shale and the slate. On account of the comparatively small amount of this formation in which slaty cleavage is well developed, and the frequency of the joints, it does not give much promise as a producer of commercial slate, though there may be parts from which such could be secured.

"The Missouri Mountain Slate. This is the formation in Arkansas that has been most prospected for slate. While it does not enter into the minor folding of the region, as does the Polk Creek shale, it, like the formations above, partakes of the principal folding. It

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